Testimony from hearing: may he testify by it?

Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) and Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Testimony based on hearing is valid.

And from Ubaydah from Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him): they both said: "Testimony based on hearing is valid."

Al-Hasan said: If a person hears something from a group of people and then comes to the judge, he should say: "They did not make me a witness, but I heard such and such."

It is narrated from Furat: I was owed fifty dirhams by a certain man. I went to him and demanded repayment of the debt, while another man was hearing all of this. I took him before Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him), and he denied [the debt] to me. Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Where are your witnesses? I said: One man was hearing all of this while he acknowledged my dirhams. He said: Call that man. So I called him and he testified. Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said to the man: Stand up and give him his due.

Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) did not accept the testimony of a person who hides to overhear.

Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) did not accept the testimony of a person who hides to overhear.

Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The testimony of a person who hides to overhear is not valid.

Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) did not consider valid the testimony of a person who hides to overhear. Sayyiduna Amr bin Hurayth (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This is how the treacherous wrongdoer is dealt with, or he said: the wicked one.

Ibrahim and al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on them) said: When the polytheists come to you and appoint you as their arbiter according to the ruling of the Muslims, do not take them to any ruling other than that of Islam; otherwise step aside from between them and their co-religionists and turn away from them.