What is permitted to be said after the tashahhud

Mus'ab bin Sa'd said: When Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) had recited the tashahhud, he would say these words: "Glory be to Allah, as much as fills the heavens and the earth, and fills what is between them, and fills what is beneath the soil; all praise is for Allah, as much as fills the heavens and the earth, and fills what is between them, and fills what is beneath the soil; Allah is the Greatest, as much as fills the heavens and the earth, and fills what is between them, and fills what is beneath the soil (Shu'bah said: I do not know whether he said 'Allah is the Greatest' first or 'All praise is for Allah' first); and all praise is for Allah, praise that is pure and blessed. There is no god but Allah, alone, without any partner; His is the dominion and His is the praise, and He has power over all things. O Allah, I ask You for all that is good." After making this supplication he would give the salam.

Umayr bin Sa'id said: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) used to teach us the tashahhud in the prayer, then he would say: When one of you has finished the tashahhud, let him say these words: "O Allah, grant me the good that I know and the good that I do not know, and I seek protection from the evils that I know and from the evils that I do not know. O Allah, I ask You for all the good that Your righteous servants have asked of You. O Allah, I seek refuge with You from all the evils from which Your righteous servants have sought refuge. Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire. Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us our sins, overlook our misdeeds, and cause us to die among the righteous. Our Lord, grant us all that You promised us through Your Messengers, and do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection; indeed, You do not break Your promise."

Abu Ubaydah said: Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A man should recite the tashahhud, then send blessings upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then supplicate for himself.

Al-Sha'bi said: When you have finished the tashahhud, supplicate for whatever you wish for your world and your Hereafter.

Al-Hasan and al-Sha'bi said: Supplicate in the prayer for whatever you wish.

Uthman bin al-Aswad said: I asked Mujahid: May I supplicate for myself in the obligatory prayer? He said: Do not supplicate for yourself until you have recited the tashahhud. I put the same question to Ata, and he said: Lay emphasis on seeking forgiveness.

Ibrahim said: The predecessors liked the imam, after reciting the tashahhud, to supplicate with these five comprehensive words: "O Allah, we ask You for all the good that we know and that we do not know, and we seek refuge with You from all the evils that we know and that we do not know." Ibrahim said: However much of a hurry the imam is in, he should not leave out these words.

Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: In your prayer, ask for your most important needs.

Awn said: Ask for your most important needs in the obligatory prayer, for the virtue of supplication in the obligatory prayer is equal to that of a voluntary prayer.

Abu Burdah said: When Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) had finished his prayer, he would make this supplication: "O Allah, forgive my sins, make my affair easy for me, and grant me blessing in my provision."