Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 39624 — The Hudaybiyah campaign

It is narrated from Urwah bin al-Zubayr that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out in the year of al-Hudaybiyah with eighteen hundred people, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent ahead of him a man of Banu Khuza'ah, whose name was Najiyah, to bring news of the people. Eventually the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) reached a pool at Usfan called Ghadir al-Ashtat. There his (peace and blessings be upon him) scout met him (peace and blessings be upon him) at Ghadir al-Ashtat and said: "O Muhammad, I left your people, Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and Amir bin Lu'ayy, in such a state that they have called out against you the scattered peoples and whoever obeys them. They have heard of your march. And I left their slaves being fed khazir (a special food) in their houses. And here is Khalid bin al-Walid, whom they have sent ahead with a company of horsemen." 2. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and asked (the Companions): "What do you say? What do you command? Advise me. The news of Quraysh and their preparations has reached you twice. And here is Khalid bin al-Walid, who has also reached the place al-Ghamim." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked the Companions: "Is your opinion that we continue in our direction and fight whoever bars us from the House of Allah? Or is your opinion that we go, against them, toward those they have left behind them, and if a group of them comes after us, Allah Almighty will break it?" The Companions said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the command is your command and the opinion is your opinion." Then these people turned to the right. Neither Khalid nor the army with him became aware of this until they had passed the dust of the army. 3. His (peace and blessings be upon him) she-camel took him (peace and blessings be upon him) from a high mound toward a low ground called Baldah, and (on reaching there) she knelt down. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Hal, hal." But the she-camel did not get up. The people said: "Al-Qaswa' (the she-camel's name) has balked." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah, this she-camel has not balked, nor is balking her habit; rather she has been held back by the One who held back the elephants. Listen! By Allah, if today they invite me to any matter in which they honor something sacred, or invite me to any upholding of kinship ties, I will answer them positively." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) urged the she-camel on and she leapt up, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned back on his own footprints to where he (peace and blessings be upon him) had come from, until he (peace and blessings be upon him) camped with the people at a place in al-Hudaybiyah where the water was so little that the people were taking it little by little. So the people complained to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) of the shortage of water. He (peace and blessings be upon him) drew an arrow from his quiver and ordered a man, who planted that arrow in the middle of the well. The water gushed so much that the people drank their fill of it. 4. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was still in this state when Budayl bin Warqa' al-Khuza'i, with a party of his people Khuza'ah, passed by him (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), these people of yours have set out with their women and children, and they swear by the name of Allah that they will most certainly stand between you and Makkah until not one of them remains." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Budayl, I have not come to fight anyone. I have only come to perform my rites of worship and to circle this House of Allah. If this is not to be, then do Quraysh have any other intention? Are they willing that I set a term with them in which they will be safe and during which they may also rest, and during which they leave me and the people alone? If my cause prevails over the people, they will have the choice: if they wish, they may enter the religion as the people have, and if they wish, they may fight, having increased their numbers and fully prepared." Budayl said: "I will present this to your (peace and blessings be upon him) people." 5. So Budayl rode (off) until he passed by Quraysh, and they said: "Where from?" He said: "I have come to you from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and if you wish I will tell you what I heard from him." Some of their foolish ones said: "Do not tell us anything about him." Some of their elders and wise men said: "Rather tell us: what did you see and what did you hear?" So Budayl related to them the account of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the term he (peace and blessings be upon him) had offered them. The narrator says: Among the disbelievers of Quraysh that day was Urwah bin Mas'ud al-Thaqafi. He jumped up and said: "O company of Quraysh, do you suspect me of anything? Am I not the son, and are you not the father? Did I not call out the people of Ukaz for you, and when they refused me, did I not rush to you myself with my children and those who obeyed me?" They said: "Yes indeed, you did." He said: "Then accept from Budayl what he has brought you and what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has offered you, and send me so that I may bring you confirmation of it from him." They said: "Go." Urwah set out until he alighted with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at al-Hudaybiyah and said: "O Muhammad, these people of yours, Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and Amir bin Lu'ayy, have set out with their women and children, swearing that they will not leave the way open between you and Makkah until their whole multitude is destroyed. In fighting them you are between one of two things: either you annihilate your own people, and you have never heard of a man before you who annihilated his own stock, or those I see with you will hand you over, for I see with you only riffraff whose names and faces I do not know." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), angered, said: "Go and suck the private part of al-Lat! Would we abandon him or hand him over?" Urwah said: "By Allah, were it not for a favor you have done me for which I have not repaid you, I would have answered what you said." Urwah had taken upon himself a blood money, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had helped him with it handsomely. Sayyiduna al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) was standing over the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with a helmet on his face, and Urwah did not recognize him. Urwah was talking to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and whenever he stretched out his hand to touch the beard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) struck it with a cup that was in his hand. When this vexed him, he said: "Who is this?" They said: "This is al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah." Urwah said: "So it is you, O treacherous one! Did I not wash away your treachery only yesterday at Ukaz?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Urwah bin Mas'ud the same as he (peace and blessings be upon him) had said to Budayl. Urwah got up and left until he came to his people and said: "O company of Quraysh, I have gone as an envoy to kings: to Caesar in his kingdom in Syria, to the Negus in the land of Abyssinia and to Khosrau in Iraq. By Allah, I have not seen any king more revered among those around him than Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is among his Companions. By Allah, they do not stare at him, nor raise their voices near him, and he does not perform any ablution without their crowding upon it, each striving to get some of it. So accept what Budayl has brought you, for it is a sound plan." They said: "Sit down." They called a man of Banu al-Harith bin Abd Manaf named al-Hulays and said: "Go and see what this man has and how he meets you." Al-Hulays set out, and when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him coming he (peace and blessings be upon him) recognized him and said: "This is al-Hulays, who is from a people who revere the sacrificial animals, so send the sacrificial animals in his direction." They sent the sacrificial animals in his direction. Ibn Shihab said: The report differs concerning al-Hulays. Some say: He came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him the same as he had said to Budayl and Urwah. Others say: When he saw the sacrificial animals he went back to Quraysh and said: "I have seen something; if you bar it, I fear that hardship will befall you, so look to your own judgment." They said: "Sit down." They called a man of Quraysh named Mikraz bin Hafs bin al-Ahnaf, of Banu Amir bin Lu'ayy, and sent him. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is a wicked man who looks with one eye." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him the same as he (peace and blessings be upon him) had said to Budayl and his companions regarding the term, and he came to them and informed them. They then sent Suhayl bin Amr, of Banu Amir bin Lu'ayy, to draw up a document with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on what he (peace and blessings be upon him) had called for. Suhayl bin Amr came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Quraysh have sent me to you to draw up with you a settlement that both you and I will accept." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes; write: Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful)." He said: "I do not know Allah and I do not know al-Rahman; rather write as we used to write: Bismika Allahumma (In Your name, O Allah)." The people were upset by that and said: "We will not write with you on any term until you acknowledge al-Rahman al-Rahim." Suhayl said: "Then I will not write with him on any term until I return." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Write: Bismika Allahumma. This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), has settled upon." He said: "I do not acknowledge this. If I knew that you were the Messenger of Allah I would not have opposed you or disobeyed you; rather, Muhammad bin Abdullah." The people were upset by this as well. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Write: Muhammad bin Abdullah, Suhayl bin Amr." Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allah, are we not upon the truth? Is our enemy not upon falsehood?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed." He said: "Then why should we accept humiliation in our religion?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am the Messenger of Allah; I will not disobey Him and He will not let me be lost." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was standing aside, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him and said: "O Abu Bakr." He said: "Yes." He said: "Are we not upon the truth? Is our enemy not upon falsehood?" He said: "Indeed." He said: "Then why should we accept humiliation in our religion?" He said: "Leave what you see, O Umar, for he is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Allah will not let him be lost, and he will not disobey Him." Among the conditions of the document was: "Whoever of us comes to you, if he is of your religion, you will return him to us; and whoever comes to us from your side, we shall return him to you." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for whoever comes from my side, I have no need of his return. As for what you have stipulated for yourself, that is between me and you." While the people were in that state, Sayyiduna Abu Jandal bin Suhayl bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) appeared before them, shuffling in iron; he had got free at the lower part of Makkah, girded with a sword. Suhayl raised his head and there was his son Abu Jandal. He said: "This is the first one I have settled with you to return." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Suhayl, we have not yet completed the document." He said: "I will not write with you on any term until you return him." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then do with him as you please." Sayyiduna Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) rushed toward the people and said: "O company of Muslims, am I to be returned to the polytheists, who will persecute me for my religion?" Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stuck close to him, while his father held his hand, dragging him, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was saying: "He is only one man, and you have the sword." His father took him away. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to send back to them whoever came from their side wanting to enter his religion. When a group of them had gathered, among them Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him), whom he (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned to them, they stayed on the seacoast, and in this way they cut off Quraysh's trade route to Syria. So they sent word to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "We consider it a kindness to kin from you that you take them back to yourself and gather them." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) took them back to himself. Among what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted from them in the document was that they let him enter Makkah, complete his rites and slaughter his sacrificial animals among them. They said: "The Arabs shall never say that you seized us by force; rather go back this year of yours, and when next year comes we will permit you, and you will perform Umrah and stay three days." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and said to the people: "Get up, slaughter your sacrificial animals, shave your heads and leave the state of ihram." Not one man stood up or moved. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people to do this three times, yet not one man moved or rose from his place. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw this, he (peace and blessings be upon him) went in to Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), whom he (peace and blessings be upon him) had taken with him on that expedition, and said: "O Umm Salamah, what is wrong with the people? I have ordered them three times to slaughter, to shave and to leave the state of ihram, and not one man has risen to what I ordered him." She said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), go out yourself and do that." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) rose, went to his sacrificial animals and slaughtered them, and called a barber who shaved his head. When the people saw what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had done, they leapt to their sacrificial animals and slaughtered them, and they bent over shaving one another, until they nearly pressed upon one another from the crowding.