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مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب المغازي
Book of Military Campaigns
غزوة بدر الكبرى (وما) كانت، وأمرها
The great Battle of Badr, how it came about and its events
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 39446 — The great Battle of Badr, how it came
٣٩٤٤٦ - حدثنا قراد أبو نوح قال: حدثنا عكرمة بن عمار العجلي قال: حدثنا سماك الحنفي أبو زميل قال: حدثنا ابن عباس قال: حدثني عمر بن الخطاب قال: لما كان يوم بدر نظر رسول اللَّه ﷺ إلى أصحابه وهم ثلاثمائة ونيف، ونظر إلى المشركين فإذا هم ألف وزيادة، فاستقبل النبي ﷺ القبلة ثم مد يديه وعليه رداؤه وإزاره، ثم قال: "اللهم (أين) (١) ما وعدتني، اللهم إن تهلك هذه العصابة من أهل الإسلام لا تعبد في الأرض أبدا". قال: فما زال يستغيث ربه ويدعوه حتى سقط رداؤه فأتاه أبو بكر قال: فأخذ رداءه فرداه ثم التزمه من ورائه ثم قال: يا نبي اللَّه كفاك مُناشدتُك ربَّك، فإنه سينجز لك ما وعدك، فأنزل اللَّه: ﴿إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٩]. فلما كان يومئذ والتقوا، هزم اللَّه المشركين فقتل منهم سبعون رجلا، (وأسر منهم سبعون رجلا) (٢)، فاستشار رسول اللَّه ﷺ أبا بكر وعمر وعليا، فقال أبو بكر: يا نبي اللَّه، هؤلاء بنو العم والعشيرة والإخوان، فإني أرى أن تأخذ منهم الفدية، فيكون ما أخذنا منهم قوة على الكفار، وعسى اللَّه أن يهديهم فيكونوا لنا عضدا، ⦗٤٤١⦘ فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "ما ترى يا ابن الخطاب؟ " قلت: واللَّه ما أرى الذي رأى أبو بكر، ولكن أرى أن تمكنني من فلان -قريبا لعمر- فأضرب عنقه، وتمكن عليا من عقيل فيضرب عنقه، وتمكن حمزة من أخيه فلان فيضرب عنقه، حتى يعلم اللَّه أنه ليس في قلوبنا هوادةٌ للمشركين، هؤلاء صناديدهم وأئمتهم وقادتهم، فهوى نبي اللَّه ﷺ ما قال أبو بكر، ولم يهو ما قلت فأخذ منهم الفداء. فلما كان من الغد قال عمر: غدوت إلى النبي ﷺ فإذا هو (قاعد) (٣) وأبو بكر يبكيان، قال: قلت: (يا رسول) (٤) اللَّه (٥) أخبرني ماذا يبكيك أنت وصاحبك؟ فإن وجدت بكاء بكيت، وإن لم أجد بكاء تباكيت لبكائكما، فقال النبي ﷺ: "الذي عرض على أصحابكم من الفداء، لقد عرض عليّ عذابكم أدنى من هذه الشجرة" -لشجرة قريبة وأنزل اللَّه: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا. .﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ (من الفداء) (٦) (عَذَابٌ) (٧) عَظِيمٌ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٨، ٦٨]، ثم أحل لهم الغنائم، فلما كان يوم أحد من العام المقبل (عرفوا) (٨) بما صنعوا يوم بدر من أخذهم الفداء فقتل منهم سبعون، وفر أصحاب النبي ﷺ (٩) (عن النبي ﷺ) (١٠) وكسرت رباعيته وهشمت البيضة على رأسه وسأل الدم على وجهه وأنزل اللَّه: ﴿أَوَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَيْهَا قُلْتُمْ أَنَّى هَذَا قُلْ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٥] ⦗٤٤٢⦘ بأخذكم الفداء (١١).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: When it was the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at his Companions, and they were a little over three hundred, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at the polytheists, and they were a little over one thousand. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his blessed face toward the Qiblah, then he (peace and blessings be upon him) stretched out both his hands, and (at that time) he (peace and blessings be upon him) was wearing his cloak and lower garment. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, where is what You promised me? O Allah, if this band from the people of Islam perishes, then You will never again be worshipped on this earth." The narrator said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) went on seeking help from his Lord and supplicating to Allah until his blessed cloak fell. Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him (peace and blessings be upon him). The narrator said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took his cloak and put it back on him (peace and blessings be upon him). Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) clung to him (peace and blessings be upon him) from behind and said: "O Prophet of Allah, what you have asked of your Lord is enough. Your Lord will soon fulfil the promise He made to you." So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "When you were seeking help from your Lord, and He answered you: 'I will reinforce you with a thousand angels, following one another.'" [Al-Anfal: 9] 2. Then when that day (of Badr) came and the two sides met, Allah Almighty defeated the polytheists; seventy of their men were killed and seventy of them were taken captive. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), these (captives) are from (our) cousins, clan and brothers. My opinion is that you should take ransom from them. What we take from them (as ransom) will be a strength against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah Almighty will guide them, and these people will become a support for us." 3. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O son of al-Khattab, what is your opinion?" I said: "By Allah, my opinion is not that of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Rather, my opinion is that you should hand over to me so-and-so, a relative of Umar, so that I may strike his neck; and hand over Aqil to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) so that he may strike his neck; and hand over to Sayyiduna Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with him) his brother so-and-so so that he may strike his neck; so that Allah Almighty may know that there is no leniency in our hearts for the polytheists. These people are the chiefs, leaders and guides of the polytheists." 4. What Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had put forward pleased him (peace and blessings be upon him), and what I had said did not please him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) took ransom from the polytheists. 5. Then when the next day came, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the morning, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) were both sitting and weeping. He said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), tell me, what is making you and your companion weep? If I find cause for weeping, I will weep; otherwise I will make myself weep because of the weeping of you two." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(I am weeping) because of the ransom that was put before your companions. Indeed, your punishment was shown to me closer than this tree" (he pointed to a tree nearby). And Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued (the enemy) in the land. You desire the goods of this world" up to: "Were it not for a decree from Allah that had already gone forth, there would have touched you for what you took" that is, the ransom "a great punishment." [Al-Anfal: 67-68] Then the spoils of war were made lawful for the Companions. 6. Then when the day of Uhud came the following year, the Companions were repaid for the ransom they had taken on the day of Badr. Seventy of the Companions were martyred, the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fled, his (peace and blessings be upon him) front tooth was broken, the helmet on his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed head was smashed, and blood flowed over his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed face. And Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "And when a calamity struck you, though you had already inflicted twice as much, you said, 'How is this?' Say: 'It is from yourselves.' Indeed, Allah has power over all things." [Ali Imran: 165] That is, because of your taking the ransom.
