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Mu'jam Kabir Tabarani 14025 — The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْثًا إِلَى مُؤْتَةَ فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى مِنْ سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: «إِنْ أُصِيبَ زَيْدٌ فَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَإِنْ أُصِيبَ جَعْفَرٌ فَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ عَلَى النَّاسِ» . فَتَجَهَّزَ النَّاسُ، ثُمَّ تَهَيَّأُوا لِلْخُرُوجِ وَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافٍ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ خُرُوجَهُمْ وَدَّعَ النَّاسُ أُمَرَاءَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمَّا وَدَّعَ عَبْدُ اللهِ مَعَ مَنْ وَدَّعَ بَكَى، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ؟، قَالَ: أَمَا وَاللهِ مَا بِي حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا وَصَبَابَةٌ بِكُمْ، وَلَكِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقْرَأُ آيَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ يَذْكُرُ فِيهَا النَّارَ: {وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ حَتْمًا مَقْضِيًّا} [مريم: ٧١] ، فَلَسْتُ أَدْرِي كَيْفَ بِالصَّدْرِ بَعْدَ الْوُرُودِ؟، فَقَالَ لَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: صَحِبَكُمُ اللهُ وَدَفَعَ عَنْكُمْ فَرَدَّكُمْ إِلَيْنَا صَالِحَيْنِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ:
[البحر البسيط]
لَكِنَّنِي أَسْأَلُ الرَّحْمَنَ مَغْفِرَةً ... وَضَرْبَةً ذَاتَ فَرْغٍ تَقْذِفُ الزَّبَدَا
أَوْ طَعْنَةً بِيَدَيْ خَرَّانَ مُجْهِزَةً ... بِحَرْبَةٍ تُنْفِذُ الْأَحْشَاءَ وَالْكَبِدَا
حَتَّى يَقُولُوا إِذَا مَرُّوا عَلَى جَدَثِي ... أَرْشَدَكَ اللهُ مِنْ غَازٍ وَقَدْ رَشَدَا
ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ تَهَيَّأُوا لِلْخُرُوجِ، فَأَتَى عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُوَدِّعُهُ، فَقَالَ:
فثَبَّتَ اللهُ مَا آتَاكُمْ مِنْ حَسَنٍ ... تَثْبِيتَ مُوسَى وَنَصْرًا كَالَّذِي نُصِرُوا
إِنِّي تَفَرَّسْتُ فِيكَ الْخَيْرَ نَافِلَةً ... فِرَاسَةً خَالَفْتُهُمْ فِي الَّذِي نَظَرُوا
أَنْتَ الرَّسُولُ فَمَنْ يُحْرَمْ نَوَافِلَهُ ... وَالْوَجْهَ مِنْهُ فَقَدْ أَزْرَى بِهِ الْقَدَرُ
ثُمَّ خَرَجَ الْقَوْمُ، وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُشَيِّعُهُمْ حَتَّى إِذَا وَدَّعَهُمْ وَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ:
[البحر الكامل]
خَلَفَ السَّلَامُ عَلَى امْرِئٍ وَدَّعْتُهُ ... فِي النَّخْلِ غَيْرَ مُوَدَّعٍ وَكَلِيلِ
ثُمَّ مَضَوْا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا بِمَعَانَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الشَّامِ، فَبَلَغَ النَّاسُ أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ قَدْ نَزَلَ مَاءً مِنْ أَرْضِ الْبَلْقَاءِ فِي مئةِ أَلْفٍ مِنَ الرُّومِ، وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ الْمُسْتَعْرِبَةُ مِنْ لَخْمٍ، وَجُذَامَ، وَبِلْقَيْنَ، وَبَهْرَامَ، وَبَلِيٍ فِي مئةِ أَلْفٍ مِنْهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَلِيٍّ أَحَدُ إِرَاشَةٍ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: مَالِكُ بْنُ زَافِلَةَ، فلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَقَامُوا بِمَعَانَ لَيْلَتَيْنِ يَنْظُرُونَ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ، وَقَالُوا: نَكْتُبُ إِلَى رَسُولِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنُخْبِرُهُ بِعَدَدِ عَدُوِّنَا، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُمِدَّنَا بِرِجَالٍ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَأْمُرَنَا بِأَمْرِهِ فَنَمْضِي لَهُ، فَشَجَّعَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ النَّاسَ، وَقَالَ: يَا قَوْمُ وَاللهِ إِنَّ الَّذِي تَكْرَهُونَ لَلَّذِي خَرَجْتُمْ لَهُ تَطْلُبُونَ الشَّهَادَةَ، وَمَا نُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ بِعَدَدٍ، وَلَا قُوَّةٍ، وَلَا كَثْرَةٍ، إِنَّمَا نُقَاتِلُهُمْ بِهَذَا الدِّينَ الَّذِي أَكْرَمَنَا اللهُ بِهِ، فَانْطَلِقُوا فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ، إِمَّا ظُهُورٌ، وَإِمَّا شَهَادَةٌ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ فِي مَقَامِهِمْ ذَلِكَ:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ يَتِيمًا لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ فِي حِجْرِهِ فِي سَفْرَتِهِ تِلْكَ مُرْدِفِي عَلَى حَقِيبَةِ رَاحِلَتِهِ فَوَاللهِ إِنَّا لَنَسِيرُ لَيْلَةً إِذْ سَمِعْتُهُ يَتَمَثَّلُ بِبَيْتِهِ هَذَا:
[البحر الوافر]
إِذَا أَدَّيْتَنِي وَحَمَلْتَ رَحْلِي ... مَسِيرَةَ أَرْبَعٍ بَعْدَ الْحِسَاءِ
فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ بَكَيْتُ، فَخَفَقَنِي بِالدِّرَّةِ، وَقَالَ: مَا عَلَيْكَ يَا لُكَعُ إِنْ يَرْزُقَنِي اللهُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَتَرْجِعُ بَيْنَ شُعْبَتَيِ الرَّحْلِ، ثُمَّ مَضَى النَّاسُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِتُخُومِ الْبَلْقَاءِ، لَقِيَتْهُمْ جُمُوعُ هِرَقْلَ مِنَ الرُّومِ، وَالْعَرَبِ بِقَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى الْبَلْقَاءِ، يُقَالُ لَهَا مَشَارِفُ، ثُمَّ دَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، وَانْحَازَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ، يُقَالُ لَهَا مُؤْتَةُ، فَالْتَقَى النَّاسُ عِنْدَهَا وَتَعَبَّأَ لَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَجَعَلُوا عَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ، يُقَالُ لَهُ قُطْبَةُ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِمْ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبَايَةُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَقَاتَلَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ بِرَايَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، حَتَّى شَاطَ فِي رماحِ الْقَوْمِ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَهَا جَعْفَرٌ فَقَاتَلَ بِهَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَلْحَمَهُ الْقِتَالُ اقْتَحَمَ عَنْ فَرَسٍ لَهُ شَقْرَاءَ فَعَقَرَهَا، فَقَاتَلَ الْقَوْمَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، وَكَانَ جَعْفَرٌ أَوَّلَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَقَرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ "
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent an army to Mu'tah in Jumada al-Ula of the year 8 AH and appointed Sayyiduna Zayd bin Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) as its commander, and he said: "If Zayd is martyred, then Ja'far bin Abi Talib will be in command of the people; and if Ja'far is martyred, then Abdullah bin Rawahah will be in command of the people." So the people made their preparations and got ready to set out; they numbered three thousand. When the time of their departure came, the people bade farewell to the commanders appointed by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and greeted them with salam. When Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) bade farewell along with the others, he wept. It was said to him: "O Ibn Rawahah, what makes you weep?" He said: "By Allah, it is not love of this world or grief at parting from you that makes me weep. Rather, I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) recite a verse from the Book of Allah in which Hell is mentioned: 'And there is none of you except that he will pass over it (Hell); this is upon your Lord an inevitability decreed.' [Surah Maryam: 71]. So I do not know how the return will be after coming to it." The Muslims said to them: "May Allah be your companion, protect you and bring you back to us safe and sound." Upon this Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) said (these verses): "But I ask the Most Merciful for forgiveness, and for a blow, wide-gashing, that throws out (blood like) foam, or a deadly thrust at the hands of a spearman, with a spear that pierces the bowels and the liver, so that when people pass by my grave they will say: 'May Allah guide you; you were a warrior who was rightly guided.'" Then, when the people were ready to set out, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to bid him farewell and said: "May Allah keep firm the good He has given you, as He kept Musa (peace be upon him) firm, and grant you help like the help that was given to them. I perceived good in you, in abundance, through insight, an insight in which I differed from them in what they saw. You are the Messenger of Allah; so whoever is deprived of your gifts and of (the blessing of) your face has been disgraced by destiny." Then the people set out, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out with them to see them off, until, when he had bidden them farewell and turned back, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Peace be upon a man whom I bade farewell among the palm trees, neither left without farewell nor wearied." Then they went on until they halted at Ma'an in the land of Syria. News reached the people that Heraclius had encamped at a watering place in the land of al-Balqa' with one hundred thousand Romans, and that the Arabised Arabs of the tribes of Lakhm, Judham, Balqayn, Bahram and Bali had also gathered with him, numbering one hundred thousand, commanded by a man of the Irashah clan of the tribe of Bali named Malik bin Zafilah. When this news reached the Muslims, they stayed at Ma'an for two nights, considering their situation, and they said: "Let us write to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and inform him of the number of our enemy; either he will reinforce us with more men, or he will give us his command and we will carry it out." Upon this Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) encouraged the people and said: "O people, by Allah, the very thing you now dislike is the thing you set out for, namely seeking martyrdom. We do not fight people by number, strength or multitude; rather, we fight them by this religion with which Allah has honoured us. So go forward, for it is only one of two good outcomes: either victory or martyrdom." On that occasion Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) said (further verses). (Then the narrator relates from Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) that) he said: I was an orphan under the guardianship of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) on that journey, and he had me riding behind him on his mount. By Allah, we were travelling one night when I heard him reciting this verse: "When you have brought me (to my destination) and carried my baggage a journey of four days beyond al-Hisa' (then I care not)." When I heard this from him, I wept, and he struck me with his whip and said: "What is it to you, O foolish one, if Allah grants me martyrdom and you return (safe and sound) between the two sides of the saddle?" Then the people went on until, when they reached the borders of al-Balqa', the armies of Heraclius, Romans and Arabs, met them at one of the villages of al-Balqa' called Masharif. Then the polytheists drew near, and the Muslims withdrew to a village called Mu'tah; there the two armies met, and the Muslims drew up their ranks. They placed on their right wing a man of Banu Udhrah named Qutbah bin Qatadah, and on their left wing a man of the Ansar named Ubayah bin Malik. Then the two armies clashed and fought. Sayyiduna Zayd bin Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) fought holding the banner of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) until he was surrounded by the enemy's spears and martyred. Then Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) took up the banner and fought, until, when the fighting closed in on him, he leapt down from his reddish horse and hamstrung it, then fought the enemy until he was martyred. Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) was the first man in Islam to hamstring (his horse).
Hadith Reference المعجم الكبير للطبراني / باب العين / 14025
Hadith Takhrij المعجم الكبير للطبراني (مطبوعہ): جلد 13، صفحہ 179، حدیث 428