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Mu'jam Kabir Tabarani 11456 — Some Muslims lived with the polytheists

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ رِشْدِينَ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، " أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَكَثَّرُوا سَوَادَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَيَأْتِي السَّهْمُ برمايةٍ فَيُصِيبُ أَحَدَهُمْ فَيَقْتُلُهُ أَوْ يُضْرَبُ فَيُقْتَلُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمْ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ} [النساء: ٩٧] الْآيَةَ ".
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Some Muslims lived with the polytheists and they increased the numbers of the polytheists. Then an arrow would come from some shooting and strike one of them and kill him, or he would be struck and killed. So Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed concerning them this verse: "Indeed, those whose souls the angels take while they are wronging themselves, they say to them: 'In what condition were you?' They say: 'We were oppressed in the land.'" [Surah Al-Nisa: 97] to the end of the verse.
Hadith Reference المعجم الكبير للطبراني / باب العين / 11456
Hadith Takhrij المعجم الكبير للطبراني (مطبوعہ): جلد 11، صفحہ 205، حدیث 11505