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المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ
Surah al-Ma'idah
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 3595 — Surah al-Ma'idah
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، ثَنَا مُجَالِدٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : زَنَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ فَدَكَ ، فَكَتَبَ أَهْلُ فَدَكَ إِلَى نَاسٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ : أَنْ سَلُوا مُحَمَّدًا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَإِنْ أَمَرَكُمْ بِالْجَلْدِ فَخُذُوهُ عَنْهُ ، وَإِنْ أَمَرَكُمْ بِالرَّجْمِ فَلَا تَأْخُذُوهُ عَنْهُ ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ; فَقَالَ : " أَرْسِلُوا إِلَيَّ أَعْلَمَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْكُمْ . فَجَاؤُوا بِرَجُلٍ أَعْوَرَ ، يُقَالُ لَهُ : ابْنُ صُورِيَا ، وَآخَرُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَنْتُمَا أَعْلَمُ مَنْ قِبَلِكُمَا ؟ " فَقَالَا : قَدْ نَحَا قَوْمُنَا لِذَلِكَ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُمَا : " أَلَيْسَ عِنْدَكُمَا التَّوْرَاةُ فِيهَا حُكْمُ اللهِ تَعَالَى ؟ " قَالَا : بَلَى ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَأَنْشُدُكُمَا بِالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْبَحْرَ لِمُوسَى ، وَظَلَّلَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمَامَ ، وَأَنْجَاكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ ، وَأَنْزَلَ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ فِي شَأْنِ الرَّجْمِ ؟
فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ : مَا نُشِدْتُ بِمِثْلِهِ قَطُّ ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ : نَجِدُ تَرْدَادَ النَّظَرِ زَنْيَةً ، وَالْإِعْنَاقَ زَنْيَةً ، فَإِذَا شَهِدَ أَرْبَعَةٌ أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوْهُ يُبْدِي وَيُعِيدُ كَمَا يَدْخُلُ الْمِيلُ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الرَّجْمُ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : هُوَ ذَاكَ . فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَرُجِمَ ، وَنَزَلَتْ : فَإِنْ جَاؤُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ الْآيَاتِ .
3595 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ ، وَأَوَّلُهُ : إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَذَا فَخُذُوهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَاحْذَرُوا قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي ابْنِ صُورِيَّا ، حِينَ أَتَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ،
وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَوَّلَهُ ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ : وَالْقُبْلَةُ زَنْيَةٌ ، وَآخِرُهُ : كَمَا يَدْخُلُ الْمِيلُ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ فَالرَّجْمُ ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَا بَعْدَهُ
وَهُوَ عِنْدَ ( أَبِي دَاوُدَ ) وَغَيْرِهِ بِاخْتِصَارٍ فِيهِ أَيْضًا .
3595 \ 3 - وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنْ حِيتَانٍ كَثِيرَةٍ أَلْقَاهَا الْبَحْرُ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا : أَمَيْتَةٌ هِيَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . فَنَهَاهُ قَالَ : فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ دَعَا بِالْمُصْحَفِ ، فَقَرَأَ : أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا ، قَالَ : " فَطَعَامُهُ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ فَكُلُوهُ ، لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ ، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِيهِ يُؤْكَلُ مَيِّتًا فِيهِ أَوْ مَيِّتًا جَنْبَهُ
قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ نَحْوَهُ ، فَقَالَ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ : فَقَرَأَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا فَأَرْسَلَنِي إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ : لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ ، فَكُلْهُ .
3595 \ 4 - وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا ( سُرَيْجُ ) بْنُ يُونُسَ ، ثَنَا مَرْوَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي خُصَيْفٌ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ : " بَعَثَ النَّجَاشِيُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَفْدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ ، الْحَدِيثَ .
وَأُنْزِلَتْ فِيهِمْ : لَتَجِدَنَّ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عَدَاوَةً لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا وَلَتَجِدَنَّ أَقْرَبَهُمْ مَوَدَّةً لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّا نَصَارَى ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ مِنْهُمْ قِسِّيسِينَ وَرُهْبَانًا وَأَنَّهُمْ لا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ الْآيَةَ
( 148 ) وَسَيَأْتِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي السِّيرَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ .
فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ : مَا نُشِدْتُ بِمِثْلِهِ قَطُّ ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ : نَجِدُ تَرْدَادَ النَّظَرِ زَنْيَةً ، وَالْإِعْنَاقَ زَنْيَةً ، فَإِذَا شَهِدَ أَرْبَعَةٌ أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوْهُ يُبْدِي وَيُعِيدُ كَمَا يَدْخُلُ الْمِيلُ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الرَّجْمُ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : هُوَ ذَاكَ . فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَرُجِمَ ، وَنَزَلَتْ : فَإِنْ جَاؤُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ الْآيَاتِ .
3595 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ ، وَأَوَّلُهُ : إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَذَا فَخُذُوهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَاحْذَرُوا قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي ابْنِ صُورِيَّا ، حِينَ أَتَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ،
وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَوَّلَهُ ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ : وَالْقُبْلَةُ زَنْيَةٌ ، وَآخِرُهُ : كَمَا يَدْخُلُ الْمِيلُ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ فَالرَّجْمُ ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَا بَعْدَهُ
وَهُوَ عِنْدَ ( أَبِي دَاوُدَ ) وَغَيْرِهِ بِاخْتِصَارٍ فِيهِ أَيْضًا .
3595 \ 3 - وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنْ حِيتَانٍ كَثِيرَةٍ أَلْقَاهَا الْبَحْرُ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا : أَمَيْتَةٌ هِيَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . فَنَهَاهُ قَالَ : فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ دَعَا بِالْمُصْحَفِ ، فَقَرَأَ : أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا ، قَالَ : " فَطَعَامُهُ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ فَكُلُوهُ ، لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ ، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِيهِ يُؤْكَلُ مَيِّتًا فِيهِ أَوْ مَيِّتًا جَنْبَهُ
قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ نَحْوَهُ ، فَقَالَ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ : فَقَرَأَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا فَأَرْسَلَنِي إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ : لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ ، فَكُلْهُ .
3595 \ 4 - وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا ( سُرَيْجُ ) بْنُ يُونُسَ ، ثَنَا مَرْوَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي خُصَيْفٌ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ : " بَعَثَ النَّجَاشِيُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَفْدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ ، الْحَدِيثَ .
وَأُنْزِلَتْ فِيهِمْ : لَتَجِدَنَّ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عَدَاوَةً لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا وَلَتَجِدَنَّ أَقْرَبَهُمْ مَوَدَّةً لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّا نَصَارَى ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ مِنْهُمْ قِسِّيسِينَ وَرُهْبَانًا وَأَنَّهُمْ لا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ الْآيَةَ
( 148 ) وَسَيَأْتِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي السِّيرَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man from among the people of Fadak committed adultery, so the people of Fadak wrote this message to some Jews of Madinah: "Ask Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) about this; if he commands you to flog, then accept it, but if he commands you to stone, then do not accept it at all." So they asked him (peace and blessings be upon him) about it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Send to me the two most knowledgeable men among your people." They brought a one-eyed man called Ibn Suriya, and with him another man. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked them both: "Are you two the most learned of those you have left behind?" They said: Our people have chosen us (for knowledge) for this very purpose. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "Do you not have the Torah, in which is the ruling of Allah Almighty?" They said: Of course (we do). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "Then I adjure you both by the One who split the sea for Musa (peace be upon him), shaded you with clouds, saved you from the people of Pharaoh and sent down manna and quails upon the Children of Israel: what ruling do you find in the Torah concerning stoning (rajm)?" Then one of them said to the other: Never before have I been adjured with such a solemn oath. Then he confessed: We find (in the Torah) that looking repeatedly (with ill intent) is a branch of adultery, and embracing is also adultery; but when four witnesses testify that they saw him (the private parts of the man and woman) joined just as the kohl stick enters the kohl container, then stoning becomes obligatory. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "That is it (the truth)." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the order and the man was stoned, and this verse was revealed: "So if they come to you, judge between them or turn away from them" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 42].
Imam Abu Ya'la also transmitted this report through Sufyan; at its beginning it is mentioned that this verse, "If you are given this, take it; but if you are not given it, then beware" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 41], was revealed concerning Ibn Suriya when he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). This narration also contains the addition: "Kissing is also (a branch of) adultery," and at its end: "just as the kohl stick enters the kohl container, then stoning is obligatory"; however, it does not mention what comes after that. This report is also transmitted in abridged form by Imam Abu Dawud and others.
Musaddad narrated from Nafi' that Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Hurayrah asked Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) about a large number of fish that the sea had cast (dead onto the shore). Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) asked: Are they carrion? He said: Yes. So he forbade him from eating them. Then, when he entered (his house), he called for the Qur'an and recited this verse: "Lawful to you is the game of the sea and its food as provision for you" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 96], and said: "Its food is whatever comes out of it (the sea); eat it, there is no harm in it, and everything that dies in the sea or is found dead on its shore (is lawful)."
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam Malik narrated it in al-Muwatta' from Nafi' in a similar way, in which, after the recitation of the verse, it is mentioned that he sent me to Abd al-Rahman and had him told: "There is no harm in it; eat it."
Al-Harith narrated from Sa'id bin Jubayr that al-Najashi sent a delegation of his companions to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (and he mentioned the full hadith), and concerning them this verse was revealed: "You will surely find the most intense of people in enmity towards the believers to be the Jews and those who associate partners with Allah; and you will surely find the nearest of them in affection to the believers to be those who say, 'We are Christians.' That is because among them are priests and monks, and because they are not arrogant" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 82]. And this report will come (in detail), in sha' Allah, in the section on the Prophetic biography.
Imam Abu Ya'la also transmitted this report through Sufyan; at its beginning it is mentioned that this verse, "If you are given this, take it; but if you are not given it, then beware" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 41], was revealed concerning Ibn Suriya when he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). This narration also contains the addition: "Kissing is also (a branch of) adultery," and at its end: "just as the kohl stick enters the kohl container, then stoning is obligatory"; however, it does not mention what comes after that. This report is also transmitted in abridged form by Imam Abu Dawud and others.
Musaddad narrated from Nafi' that Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Hurayrah asked Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) about a large number of fish that the sea had cast (dead onto the shore). Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) asked: Are they carrion? He said: Yes. So he forbade him from eating them. Then, when he entered (his house), he called for the Qur'an and recited this verse: "Lawful to you is the game of the sea and its food as provision for you" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 96], and said: "Its food is whatever comes out of it (the sea); eat it, there is no harm in it, and everything that dies in the sea or is found dead on its shore (is lawful)."
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam Malik narrated it in al-Muwatta' from Nafi' in a similar way, in which, after the recitation of the verse, it is mentioned that he sent me to Abd al-Rahman and had him told: "There is no harm in it; eat it."
Al-Harith narrated from Sa'id bin Jubayr that al-Najashi sent a delegation of his companions to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (and he mentioned the full hadith), and concerning them this verse was revealed: "You will surely find the most intense of people in enmity towards the believers to be the Jews and those who associate partners with Allah; and you will surely find the nearest of them in affection to the believers to be those who say, 'We are Christians.' That is because among them are priests and monks, and because they are not arrogant" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 82]. And this report will come (in detail), in sha' Allah, in the section on the Prophetic biography.
