Book of the Signs of Prophethood

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A Jew passed by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was talking with his Companions. Quraysh said: "O Jew! This gentleman claims that he is a prophet." That Jew said: "I will ask him about something that only a prophet can know." Then that man came and sat down, and he said: "O Sayyiduna Muhammad! From what is man created?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Jew! Every person is created from the fluid of the man and the fluid of the woman. As for the man's fluid, it is a thick fluid, and from it the bones and sinews are formed. As for the woman's fluid, it is thin, and from it flesh and blood are formed." The Jew stood up and said: "Those (prophets) before you used to say the same."
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Tabarani and al-Bazzar recorded it with two chains. One of their two chains contains a narrator, Amir bin Mudrik, whom Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy) while others called him da'if (weak); the rest of the narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy). In the chain of the group there is a narrator, Ata bin al-Sa'ib, who had suffered confusion (ikhtilat).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: Some Jews presented themselves before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Abu al-Qasim! We want to ask you about five things. If you tell us about these things, we will know that you are a prophet, and we will follow you." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took from them the covenant that Sayyiduna Isra'il (that is, Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him)) had taken from his sons, when they said: "Allah is witness over what we say." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Present your questions!" They said: "Tell us about the sign of a prophet." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "His eyes sleep but his heart does not sleep." They said: "Tell us how a female is produced and how a male is produced." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The fluids of the two meet; when the man's fluid prevails over the woman's fluid, a son is born, and when the woman's fluid prevails over the man's fluid, a daughter is born." They said: "Tell us what Sayyiduna Isra'il (peace be upon him) (that is, Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him)) made unlawful for himself." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He developed sciatica, and for it only the milk of such-and-such suited him." The narrator says: that is, the milk of she-camels. "So he made their meat unlawful (for himself)." They said: "You have spoken correctly." Then they said: "Tell us about thunder." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is one of the angels of Allah Almighty, who is appointed over the clouds. In his hand is a whip made of fire, with which he drives the clouds and with which he takes them to wherever Allah Almighty has commanded." They said: "Then what is the sound that we hear?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is the voice of that angel." They said: "You have spoken correctly. Now one thing remains; we will accept Islam at your hand if you tell us about it as well. Every prophet has some angel who brings him news, so tell us about the angel assigned to you." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He is Jibril." Those people said: "Jibril! He comes down with punishment, war and fighting; he is our enemy. Had you said Mika'il, who comes down with mercy, vegetation and rain, it would have been fine." So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Say: Whoever is an enemy to Jibril" (to the end of the verse).

In one narration the wording is: "Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) told them about anything, they would affirm him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would say: 'O Allah! Be witness.'" And in this narration the wording is: He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I ask you by that Allah who sent down the Torah upon Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him): do you know that the unlettered Prophet, his eyes sleep but his heart does not sleep?" They said: "Allah knows, yes!" And in this narration there are also these words: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "My companion is Jibril; whichever prophet Allah Almighty sent, the angel assigned to him was Jibril." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Al-Tirmidhi recorded this narration in abridged form.
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and the narrators of both of them are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna al-Faltan bin Asim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We were sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Meanwhile he raised his gaze and looked at a man in the mosque, and said: "O so-and-so!" That man said: "O Messenger of Allah! Here I am." He did not say anything else; he only said: "O Messenger of Allah!" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do you bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allah?" He replied: "No!" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Have you read the Torah?" He replied: "Yes! And I have read the Injil too." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "And the Qur'an?" He said: "By the One in whose hand is my life! If I wished, I could read that too." The narrator says: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) adjured him and asked: "Have you found mention of me in the Torah and the Injil?" He said: "I have found someone like you and like your appearance, but we hoped that that prophet would be from among our people. When you appeared, we were bewildered as to how you could be that prophet. When we investigated the matter, you are not that person." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How is that?" He said: "Because with that prophet there were to be seventy thousand of his Ummah who would enter Paradise without any reckoning or punishment, and with you there are only a few people." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose hand is my life, I am that 'Prophet', and they will be the people of my Ummah, and they will be more in number than seventy thousand and another seventy thousand (who will enter Paradise without any reckoning)."
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy), through one of the two routes.

Hamzah bin Yusuf bin Abdullah bin Salam narrates that his grandfather Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the scholars of the Jews: "I have come back from the mosque built by Sayyiduna Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and Sayyiduna Isma'il (peace be upon him)." He had gone to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was in Makkah. He met the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at the time when the people were returning after performing Hajj; he found the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at Mina, with people around him. He says: I stood with the people. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at me, he asked: "Are you Abdullah bin Salam?" I said: "Yes!" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Come near." I came near, and he said: "O Abdullah bin Salam! I ask you by Allah: have you not found in the Torah that I am the Messenger of Allah?" I said: "Describe our Lord to us!" Then Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) came and stood in front of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "Recite this: 'Say: He is Allah, the One; Allah, the Self-Sufficient; He neither begets nor was He begotten, and there is none equal to Him.'" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited these verses to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah." Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him) went back to Madinah and kept his Islam hidden from the Jews. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) migrated and came to Madinah, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I had climbed a date palm and was picking dates from it. Meanwhile I heard a clamour and asked: "What is the reason for this?" The people said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has arrived." So I leapt down from the date palm; then I set out until I presented myself before him (peace and blessings be upon him) and greeted him with peace. Then I came back, and my mother said: "If Sayyiduna Musa bin Imran (peace be upon him) had been in his place, you would not have leapt from the date palm on that account." I said: "By Allah! I am happier at the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than I would have been at the sending of Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him)."
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy), except that the narrator named Hamzah bin Yusuf did not meet his grandfather Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him).