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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب المغازي والسير
Book of Military Expeditions and Biography
بَابُ الْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ
The migration to Abyssinia
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 9842
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ابْنَةِ أَبِي أُمِّيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَتْ : لَمَّا نَزَلْنَا أَرْضَ الْحَبَشَةِ جَاوَرْنَا بِهَا خَيْرَ جَارٍ النَّجَاشِيَّ ، أَمِنَّا عَلَى دِينِنَا ، وَعَبَدْنَا اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ لَا نُؤْذَى ، وَلَا نَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا نَكْرَهُهُ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ قُرَيْشًا ، ائْتَمَرُوا أَنْ يَبْعَثُوا إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فِينَا رَجُلَيْنِ جَلْدَيْنِ ، وَأَنْ يَهْدُوا لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ هَدَايَا مِمَّا يُسْتَطْرَفُ مِنْ مَتَاعِ مَكَّةَ ، وَكَانَ أَعْجَبَ مَا يَأْتِيهِ مِنْهَا الْأَدَمُ ، فَجَمَعُوا لَهُ أُدُمًا كَثِيرًا ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوا مِنْ بَطَارِقَتِهِ بِطْرِيقًا إِلَّا أَهْدَوْا لَهُ هَدِيَّةً ، وَبَعَثُوا بِذَلِكَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ - ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ السَّهْمِيِّ ، وَأَمَّرُوهُمَا أَمْرَهُمْ ، وَقَالُوا لَهُمَا : ادْفَعُوا إِلَى كُلِّ بِطْرِيقٍ هَدِيَّتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُكَلِّمُوا النَّجَاشِيَّ فِيهِمْ ، ثُمَّ قَدِّمُوا لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ هَدَايَاهُ ، ثُمَّ اسْأَلُوهُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَهُمْ إِلَيْكُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُمْ ، قَالَتْ : فَخَرَجَا فَقَدِمَا عَلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ بِخَيْرِ دَارٍ ، وَخَيْرِ جَارٍ ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْ بَطَارِقَتِهِ بِطَرِيقٍ إِلَّا دَفَعَا إِلَيْهِ هَدِيَّتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَا النَّجَاشِيَّ ثُمَّ قَالَا لِكُلِّ بِطْرِيقٍ مِنْهُمْ : إِنَّهُ قَدْ ضَوَى إِلَى بَلَدِ الْمَلِكِ مِنَّا غِلْمَانٌ سُفَهَاءُ ، فَارَقُوا دِينَ قَوْمِهِمْ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ ، وَجَاءُوا بَدِينٍ مُبْتَدَعٍ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَنَا إِلَى الْمَلِكِ فِيهِمْ أَشْرَافُ قَوْمِهِمْ لِيَرُدَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ ، فَإِذَا كَلَّمْنَا الْمَلِكَ فِيهِمْ فَأَشِيرُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَهُمْ إِلَيْنَا ، وَلَا يُكَلِّمَهُمْ ، فَإِنَّ قَوْمَهُمْ أَعْلَى بِهِمْ عَيْنًا وَأَعْلَمُ بِمَا عَابُوا عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَقَالُوا لَهُمَا : نَعَمْ . ثُمَّ قَرَّبُوا هَدَايَاهُمْ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فَقَبِلَهَا مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ كَلَّمَاهُ ، فَقَالَا لَهُ : أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ ، قَدْ صَبَا إِلَى بَلَدِكَ مِنَّا غِلْمَانٌ سُفَهَاءُ ، فَارَقُوا دِينَ قَوْمِهِمْ ، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي دِينِكَ وَجَاءُوا بَدِينٍ مُبْتَدَعٍ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنْتَ ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَنَا إِلَيْكَ فِيهِمْ أَشْرَافُ قَوْمِهِمْ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ وَعَشَائِرِهِمْ ; لِنَرُدَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ ، فَلَهُمْ أَعْلَى بِهِمْ عَيْنًا وَأَعْلَمُ بِمَا عَابُوا عَلَيْهِمْ ، وَعَاتَبُوهُمْ فِيهِ . وَلَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ أَبْغَضُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ مِنْ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ النَّجَاشِيُّ كَلَامَهُمْ ، فَقَالَتْ بَطَارِقَتُهُ حَوْلَهُ : صَدَقُوا أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ قَوْمُهُمْ أَعْلَى بِهِمْ عَيْبًا ، وَأَعْلَمُ بِمَا عَابُوا عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَأَسْلِمْهُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ ، فَلْيَرُدَّاهُمْ إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ وَقَوْمِهِمْ . فَغَضِبَ النَّجَاشِيُّ ، وَقَالَ : لَا هَا اللَّهِ ، ايْمُ اللَّهِ ، إِذًا لَا أُسَلِّمُهُمْ إِلَيْهِمَا ، وَلَا أَكَادُ قَوْمًا جَاوَرُونِي وَنَزَلُوا بِلَادِي وَاخْتَارُونِي عَلَى مَنْ سِوَايَ حَتَّى أَدْعُوَهُمْ فَأَسْأَلَهُمْ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَذَانِ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا كَمَا يَقُولَانِ أَسْلَمْتُهُمْ إِلَيْهِمَا ، وَرَدَدْتُهُمْ إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مَنَعْتُهُمْ مِنْهُمَا ، وَأَحْسَنْتُ جِوَارَهُمْ مَا جَاوَرُونِي . قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَدَعَاهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُهُ اجْتَمَعُوا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ : مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا جِئْتُمُوهُ ؟ قَالُوا : نَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلَّمَنَا وَمَا أَمَرَنَا بِهِ نَبِيُّنَا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَائِنٌ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءُوهُ ، وَقَدْ دَعَا النَّجَاشِيُّ أَسَاقِفَتَهُ فَنَشَرُوا مَصَاحِفَهُمْ حَوْلَهُ ، سَأَلَهُمْ فَقَالَ : مَا هَذَا الدِّينُ الَّذِي قَدْ فَارَقْتُمْ فِيهِ قَوْمَكُمْ ، وَلَمْ تَدْخُلُوا فِي دِينِي وَلَا فِي دِينِ أَحَدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَمِ ؟ قَالَتْ : وَكَانَ الَّذِي كَلَّمَهُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - قَالَ : أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ ، كُنَّا قَوْمًا أَهْلَ جَاهِلِيَّةٍ نَعْبُدُ الْأَصْنَامَ ، وَنَأْكُلُ الْمَيْتَةَ ، وَنَأْتِي الْفَوَاحِشَ ، وَنَقْطَعُ الْأَرْحَامَ ، وَنُسِيءُ الْجِوَارَ ، وَيَأْكُلُ الْقَوِيُّ مِنَّا الضَّعِيفَ ، فَكُنَّا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى بَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًا مِنَّا نَعْرِفُ نَسَبَهُ وَصِدْقَهُ وَأَمَانَتَهُ وَعَفَافَهُ ، فَدَعَانَا إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ; لِنُوَحِّدَهُ ، وَنَعْبُدَهُ ، وَنَخْلَعَ مَا كُنَّا نَعْبُدُ نَحْنُ وَآبَاؤُنَا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْحِجَارَةِ وَالْأَوْثَانِ ، وَأَمَرَنَا بِصِدْقِ الْحَدِيثِ ، وَأَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ ، وَصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ ، وَحُسْنِ الْجِوَارِ وَالْكَفِّ عَنِ الْمَحَارِمِ وَالدِّمَاءِ ، وَنَهَانَا عَنِ الْفَوَاحِشِ ، وَشَهَادَةِ الزُّورِ ، وَأَكْلِ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَقَذْفِ الْمُحْصَنَةِ ، وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ لَا نُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَإِقَامَ الصَّلَاةِ ، وَإِيتَاءَ الزَّكَاةِ . - قَالَتْ : فَعَدَّدَ عَلَيْهِ أُمُورَ الْإِسْلَامِ - فَصَدَّقْنَاهُ وَآمَنَّا بِهِ وَاتَّبَعْنَاهُ عَلَى مَا جَاءَ بِهِ ، فَعَبَدْنَا اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ لَا نُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَحَرَّمْنَا مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْنَا ، وَأَحْلَلْنَا مَا أَحِلَّ لَنَا ، فَغَدَا عَلَيْنَا قَوْمُنَا فَعَذَّبُونَا ، وَفَتَنُونَا عَنْ دِينِنَا ; لِيَرُدُّونَا إِلَى عِبَادَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَأَنْ نَسْتَحِلَّ مَا كُنَّا نَسْتَحِلُّ مِنَ الْخَبَائِثِ ، فَلَمَّا قَهَرُونَا وَظَلَمُونَا ، وَشَقُّوا عَلَيْنَا ، وَحَالُوا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ دِينِنَا خَرَجْنَا إِلَى بَلَدِكَ ، وَاخْتَرْنَاكَ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاكَ ، وَرَغِبْنَا فِي جِوَارِكَ ، وَرَجَوْنَا أَنْ لَا نُظْلَمَ عِنْدَكَ أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ . قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ النَّجَاشِيُّ : هَلْ مَعَكَ مِمَّا جَاءَ بِهِ عَنِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ؟ قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ لَهُ جَعْفَرٌ : نَعَمْ . قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّجَاشِيُّ : فَاقْرَأْهُ . فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ صَدْرًا مِنْ : ( كهيعص ) قَالَتْ : فَبَكَى وَاللَّهِ النَّجَاشِيُّ حَتَّى أَخْضَلَ لِحْيَتَهُ ، وَبَكَتْ أَسَاقِفَتُهُ حَتَّى أَخْضَلُوا مَصَاحِفَهُمْ حِينَ سَمِعُوا مَا تَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّجَاشِيُّ : إِنَّ هَذَا وَاللَّهِ وَالَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى لَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ مِشْكَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ . انْطَلِقَا فَوَاللَّهِ لَا أُسَلِّمُهُمْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَبَدًا وَلَا أَكَادُ .
قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ : فَلَمَّا خَرَجَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ ، قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ : وَاللَّهِ لَآتِيَنَّهُ غَدًا أَعِيبُهُمْ عِنْدَهُ بِمَا اسْتَأْصَلَ بِهِ خَضْرَاءَهُمْ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ - وَكَانَ أَتْقَى الرَّجُلَيْنِ فِينَا - : لَا تَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ أَرْحَامًا ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا قَدْ خَالَفُونَا . قَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لَأُخْبِرَنَّهُ أَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَبْدٌ - قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ غَدَا عَلَيْهِ الْغَدُ ، فَقَالَ : أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ ، إِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ فِي عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ قَوْلًا عَظِيمًا . فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَسَلْهُمْ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ فِيهِ ؟ ! قَالَتْ : فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَسْأَلُهُمْ عَنْهُ ، قَالَتْ : وَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ بِنَا مِثْلُهَا ، وَاجْتَمَعَ الْقَوْمُ ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ : مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي عِيسَى إِذَا سَأَلَكُمْ عَنْهُ ، قَالُوا : نَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - وَمَا جَاءَ بِهِ نَبِيُّنَا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَائِنٌ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُمْ : مَا تَقُولُ فِي عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ : نَقُولُ فِيهِ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ نَبِيُّنَا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ وَرُوحُهُ ، وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ الْعَذْرَاءِ الْبَتُولِ " . قَالَ : فَضَرَبَ النَّجَاشِيُّ يَدَهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا عُودًا ثُمَّ قَالَ : مَا عَدَا عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَا قُلْتَ هَذَا الْعُودَ . فَتَنَاخَرَتْ بَطَارِقُهُ حَوْلَهُ حِينَ قَالَ مَا قَالَ . فَقَالَ : وَإِنْ نَخَرْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ ، اذْهَبُوا فَأَنْتُمْ سُيُومٌ بِأَرْضِي - وَالسُّيُومُ : الْآمِنُونَ - مَنْ سَبَّكُمْ غَرِمَ ، ثُمَّ مَنْ سَبَّكُمْ غَرِمَ ، ثُمَّ مَنْ سَبَّكُمْ غَرِمَ . مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِي دُبُرًا ذَهَبًا ، وَأَنِّي آذَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْكُمْ - وَالدُّبُرُ بِلِسَانِ الْحَبَشَةِ : الْجَبَلُ - رُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمَا هَدَايَاهُمَا فَلَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِمَا ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنِّي الرِّشْوَةَ حِينَ رَدَّ عَلَيَّ مُلْكِي ، فَآخُذَ فِيهِ الرِّشْوَةَ ، وَمَا أَطَاعَ النَّاسَ فِيَّ ، فَأُطِيعَهُمْ فِيهِ . فَخَرَجَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ مَقْبُوحَيْنِ مَرْدُودًا عَلَيْهِمَا مَا جَاءَا بِهِ ، وَأَقَمْنَا عِنْدَهُ فِي خَيْرِ دَارٍ مَعَ خَيْرِ جَارٍ ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّا لَعَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذْ نَزَلَ بِهِ - يَعْنِي : مَنْ يُنَازِعُهُ فِي مُلْكِهِ - قَالَتْ : وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا حُزْنًا قَطُّ كَانَ أَشَدَّ مِنْ حُزْنٍ حَزِنَّاهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ; تَخَوُّفًا أَنْ يَظْهَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ ، فَيَأْتِيَ رَجُلٌ لَا يَعْرِفُ مِنْ حَقِّنَا مَا كَانَ النَّجَاشِيُّ يَعْرِفُ مِنْهُ .
قَالَتْ : وَسَارَ النَّجَاشِيُّ وَبَيْنَهُمَا عُرْضُ النِّيلِ ، قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : مَنْ رَجُلٌ يَخْرُجُ حَتَّى يُحْضِرَ وَقِيعَةَ الْقَوْمِ ثُمَّ يَأْتِيَنَا ؟ قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ : أَنَا ، قَالَتْ : وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحْدَثِ الْقَوْمِ سِنًّا . قَالَتْ : فَنَفَخُوا لَهُ قِرْبَةً فَجَعَلُوهَا فِي صَدْرِهِ فَسَبَحَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى خَرَجَ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ النِّيلِ الَّتِي بِهَا مُلْتَقَى الْقَوْمِ ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى حَضَرَهُمْ ، قَالَتْ : وَدَعَوْنَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ بِالظُّهُورِ عَلَى عَدُّوِهِ ، وَالتَّمْكِينِ لَهُ فِي بِلَادِهِ . وَاسْتَوْسَقَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ الْحَبَشَةِ ، فَكُنَّا عِنْدَهُ فِي خَيْرِ مَنْزِلٍ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ غَيْرَ إِسْحَاقَ ، وَقَدْ صَرَّحَ بِالسَّمَاعِ .
قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ : فَلَمَّا خَرَجَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ ، قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ : وَاللَّهِ لَآتِيَنَّهُ غَدًا أَعِيبُهُمْ عِنْدَهُ بِمَا اسْتَأْصَلَ بِهِ خَضْرَاءَهُمْ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ - وَكَانَ أَتْقَى الرَّجُلَيْنِ فِينَا - : لَا تَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ أَرْحَامًا ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا قَدْ خَالَفُونَا . قَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لَأُخْبِرَنَّهُ أَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَبْدٌ - قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ غَدَا عَلَيْهِ الْغَدُ ، فَقَالَ : أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ ، إِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ فِي عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ قَوْلًا عَظِيمًا . فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَسَلْهُمْ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ فِيهِ ؟ ! قَالَتْ : فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَسْأَلُهُمْ عَنْهُ ، قَالَتْ : وَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ بِنَا مِثْلُهَا ، وَاجْتَمَعَ الْقَوْمُ ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ : مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي عِيسَى إِذَا سَأَلَكُمْ عَنْهُ ، قَالُوا : نَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - وَمَا جَاءَ بِهِ نَبِيُّنَا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَائِنٌ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُمْ : مَا تَقُولُ فِي عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ : نَقُولُ فِيهِ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ نَبِيُّنَا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ وَرُوحُهُ ، وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ الْعَذْرَاءِ الْبَتُولِ " . قَالَ : فَضَرَبَ النَّجَاشِيُّ يَدَهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا عُودًا ثُمَّ قَالَ : مَا عَدَا عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَا قُلْتَ هَذَا الْعُودَ . فَتَنَاخَرَتْ بَطَارِقُهُ حَوْلَهُ حِينَ قَالَ مَا قَالَ . فَقَالَ : وَإِنْ نَخَرْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ ، اذْهَبُوا فَأَنْتُمْ سُيُومٌ بِأَرْضِي - وَالسُّيُومُ : الْآمِنُونَ - مَنْ سَبَّكُمْ غَرِمَ ، ثُمَّ مَنْ سَبَّكُمْ غَرِمَ ، ثُمَّ مَنْ سَبَّكُمْ غَرِمَ . مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِي دُبُرًا ذَهَبًا ، وَأَنِّي آذَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْكُمْ - وَالدُّبُرُ بِلِسَانِ الْحَبَشَةِ : الْجَبَلُ - رُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمَا هَدَايَاهُمَا فَلَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِمَا ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنِّي الرِّشْوَةَ حِينَ رَدَّ عَلَيَّ مُلْكِي ، فَآخُذَ فِيهِ الرِّشْوَةَ ، وَمَا أَطَاعَ النَّاسَ فِيَّ ، فَأُطِيعَهُمْ فِيهِ . فَخَرَجَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ مَقْبُوحَيْنِ مَرْدُودًا عَلَيْهِمَا مَا جَاءَا بِهِ ، وَأَقَمْنَا عِنْدَهُ فِي خَيْرِ دَارٍ مَعَ خَيْرِ جَارٍ ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّا لَعَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذْ نَزَلَ بِهِ - يَعْنِي : مَنْ يُنَازِعُهُ فِي مُلْكِهِ - قَالَتْ : وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا حُزْنًا قَطُّ كَانَ أَشَدَّ مِنْ حُزْنٍ حَزِنَّاهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ; تَخَوُّفًا أَنْ يَظْهَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ ، فَيَأْتِيَ رَجُلٌ لَا يَعْرِفُ مِنْ حَقِّنَا مَا كَانَ النَّجَاشِيُّ يَعْرِفُ مِنْهُ .
قَالَتْ : وَسَارَ النَّجَاشِيُّ وَبَيْنَهُمَا عُرْضُ النِّيلِ ، قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : مَنْ رَجُلٌ يَخْرُجُ حَتَّى يُحْضِرَ وَقِيعَةَ الْقَوْمِ ثُمَّ يَأْتِيَنَا ؟ قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ : أَنَا ، قَالَتْ : وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحْدَثِ الْقَوْمِ سِنًّا . قَالَتْ : فَنَفَخُوا لَهُ قِرْبَةً فَجَعَلُوهَا فِي صَدْرِهِ فَسَبَحَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى خَرَجَ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ النِّيلِ الَّتِي بِهَا مُلْتَقَى الْقَوْمِ ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى حَضَرَهُمْ ، قَالَتْ : وَدَعَوْنَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ بِالظُّهُورِ عَلَى عَدُّوِهِ ، وَالتَّمْكِينِ لَهُ فِي بِلَادِهِ . وَاسْتَوْسَقَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ الْحَبَشَةِ ، فَكُنَّا عِنْدَهُ فِي خَيْرِ مَنْزِلٍ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ غَيْرَ إِسْحَاقَ ، وَقَدْ صَرَّحَ بِالسَّمَاعِ .
Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), the daughter of Abu Umayyah bin al-Mughirah and the honoured wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), narrates: When we took up residence in the land of Abyssinia, the company of the Negus there was very good for us. He gave us security regarding our religion. We worshipped Allah Almighty alone; we were not harmed, and we did not have to hear anything that we disliked. When the Quraysh learned of this, they consulted one another and decided to send two strong men to the Negus concerning us, and to send the Negus gifts gathered from the choice goods of Makkah. Of what came to him from there, the Negus liked leather the most, so they gathered a great deal of leather for the Negus, and they took some gift or other for each one of his courtiers. They sent all these things with Abdullah bin Abi Rabi'ah al-Makhzumi and Amr bin al-As bin Wa'il al-Sahmi, made these two men in charge of their affair, and said to them: "You are to give each courtier his gift, and do this before speaking to the Negus about these people. After that, give the Negus his gifts, and then ask him to hand these people over to you, and do this before the Negus has any conversation with them (that is, the Muslims)." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The two men set out and came to the Negus. At that time we were living in the Negus's land in the best place, with the best of neighbours. The two of them gave each courtier his gift, and they did this before speaking to the Negus. They said to each courtier: "Some foolish young men from among us have come to the king's land. They have abandoned the religion of their people, and they have not entered your religion either. They have brought a new religion which neither we nor you know. The nobles of their people have sent us to the king concerning them, so that the king may send them back to their people. When we speak to the king about them, you too must advise the king to hand them over to us, and take care that the king does not get to speak with them, for their people know them better and know better what can be held against them." The courtiers said to the two of them: "Very well." Then they presented the Negus's gifts to the Negus, and the Negus accepted the gifts from them. Then the two of them spoke to the Negus and said to him: "O king, some foolish young men from among us have abandoned their religion and come to your land. They have separated from the religion of their people and have not entered your religion either. They have brought a new religion which neither we nor you know. The nobles of their people, a people that includes their fathers, their children and the members of their clans, have sent us to you concerning them, so that you may send them back to their people, for the people of their own nation know them better, they are better acquainted with what they object to in them, and they will themselves express their displeasure with them over it." (Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates:) For Abdullah bin Abi Rabi'ah and Amr bin al-As, nothing was more hateful than that the Negus should hear the words of these people (that is, the Muslims). A courtier who was around the Negus said: "O king, these men are right. Their people know better what fault is in them and on what account they can be objected to, so hand them over to them so that these two may take them back to their lands and their people." The Negus became angry and said: "No. By Allah! I will not hand them over to these two. Those who have come and settled in my neighbourhood, who have come to my land and chosen me over others, I will not let them go until I call them and ask them about what these two men have said regarding their affair. If they are as these two have described, I will hand them over to them and send them back to their people; and if they are otherwise, I will keep these two from them and treat well those who have come and settled in my neighbourhood." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Then the Negus sent a message to the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and summoned them. When his messenger came to them, they gathered and asked one another: "When you go to the king, what will you say to him?" They agreed: "By Allah! We will say just what our Prophet has taught us and what our Prophet has commanded us, whatever may happen." When they came to the king, the Negus had summoned his religious leaders, who had opened their scriptures and were around the Negus. The Negus asked them: "What is this religion because of which you have separated from your people, and have entered neither my religion nor the religion of any other group?" Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Sayyiduna Ja'far bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) began to speak with the king. He said: "O king, we were a people of ignorance. We worshipped idols, we ate carrion, we committed indecencies, we violated the rights of kinship, we treated our neighbours badly, and the strong among us would devour the weak. We remained in this state until Allah Almighty sent to us a Messenger from among ourselves, whose lineage, truthfulness, trustworthiness and chastity we know. He invited us to Allah, that we should affirm His Oneness, worship Him, and abandon the stones and idols that we and our forefathers used to worship besides Allah Almighty. He commanded us to speak the truth, to fulfil trusts, to maintain the ties of kinship, to treat neighbours well, and to refrain from forbidden things and from shedding blood. He enjoined us to avoid indecencies, false testimony, consuming the wealth of orphans and slandering chaste women. He commanded us to worship Allah Almighty without associating anyone with Him, to establish prayer and to give zakah." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) enumerated various teachings of Islam and (then said:) "We affirmed this Messenger, believed in him and followed him in the teachings he brought. Now we worship Allah Almighty and do not associate anyone with Him. What He has made forbidden for us we regard as forbidden, and what He has made lawful for us we regard as lawful. Then our people came at us. They began to torment us and put us to trial because of our religion, so that they might take us back from the worship of Allah Almighty to the worship of idols, and so that we would regard as lawful the foul things we used to regard as lawful before. When they oppressed us, wronged us, were harsh with us and began to stand between us and our religion, we came out to your land. We chose you over others, we desired to be in your neighbourhood, and we hoped that we would not be wronged in your presence, O king!" Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: The Negus asked: "Do you know any of the verses that have been revealed from Allah Almighty?" Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "Yes." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: The Negus said to him: "Recite it." So Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) recited before him the opening verses of Surah Maryam: Kaf Ha Ya Ayn Sad. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: By Allah! The Negus began to weep until his beard became wet, and the religious leaders with him also began to weep until their scriptures became wet, when they heard what Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) recited before them. Then the Negus said: "By Allah! This and what Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him) brought have come out of one and the same lamp-niche." (Then the Negus said to the two men:) "Go away, both of you. By Allah! I will never hand them over to you." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: When they left the Negus, Amr bin al-As said: "By Allah! Tomorrow I will go before the king again and raise against these people such an objection that the king will destroy them." Abdullah bin Abi Rabi'ah, who was the more cautious of the two regarding us, said to him: "Do not do this; we have ties of kinship with these people, even though their religion differs from ours." But Amr bin al-As said: "By Allah! I will tell the king that these people believe that Isa bin Maryam was also a servant." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Then the next day he went to the king and said: "O king, these people say a grave thing about Sayyiduna Isa bin Maryam. Send for them and ask them what they say about Sayyiduna Isa." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The king sent for them and asked them about this. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Such a distress had never come upon us before. All the people gathered and discussed among themselves: "When the king asks you about this, what will you say about Sayyiduna Isa?" Then they agreed: "By Allah! We will say just what Allah Almighty has said and what our Prophet has brought, whatever may happen." When they came to the king, the king asked them: "What do you say about Sayyiduna Isa bin Maryam?" Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "We say about him what our Prophet has brought as teaching about him: that he was the servant of Allah, His Messenger, His spirit and His word, which He cast to the pure virgin Maryam." The narrator says: The Negus stretched his hand to the ground, picked up a twig from it and then said: "Isa bin Maryam is not more than what you have said, even by as much as this twig." When the king said this, the priests around him began to snort. The king said: "By Allah! Even if you show your anger, so be it. You may go; you will live in my land in safety. Whoever speaks ill of you will be fined; then whoever speaks ill of you will be fined; then whoever speaks ill of you will be fined. I would not like to be given a mountain of gold in exchange for having harmed a single one of you." In the language of Abyssinia, dabr means a mountain. (Then the king said to the two men:) "Take back your gifts; we have no need of them. By Allah! When Allah Almighty restored my kingship to me, He did not take a bribe from me, that I should take a bribe from anyone concerning Him; and He did not obey people regarding me, that I should obey people regarding Him." Then the two men left, rejected and disgraced, along with what they had brought, and we stayed in the Negus's land in a good place, in a comfortable neighbourhood. By Allah! While we were still in this state, a trouble befell the king, that is, a rebellion arose against his kingship. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: By Allah! We had never felt such severe distress as we felt on that occasion. Our worry was that if the enemy prevailed over the Negus, a ruler would come who would not recognise our right as the Negus recognised it. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The Negus set out, and the river Nile lay between the two armies. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who will go out, observe the battle and then come and tell us?" Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Zubayr bin al-Awwam said: "I will do it." Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: He was a young man of little age. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: Then they filled a waterskin with air for Sayyiduna Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) and tied it to his chest. Resting on it, he swam until he reached the bank of the Nile where the two armies were to meet. He went on and observed the battle there. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: We kept praying to Allah Almighty for the Negus, that he would prevail over his enemy and be granted stability in his rule. In the end Abyssinia came fully under his control, and we lived with him well until we came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was in Makkah.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except for the narrator named Ishaq, and he has explicitly stated that he heard it directly.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except for the narrator named Ishaq, and he has explicitly stated that he heard it directly.
