Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 1686

Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: A man asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the time of prayer. When the sun passed its zenith, Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the call to prayer (adhan) for Zuhr. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he gave the adhan for the Asr prayer at a time when we thought that a man's shadow had become longer than him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he gave the adhan for the Maghrib prayer when the sun had set. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he gave the adhan for the Isha prayer when the whiteness of the day had departed, (the narrator says:) meaning the twilight. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he gave the adhan for the Fajr prayer when true dawn had broken. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then the next day Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the adhan for the Zuhr prayer when the sun had passed its zenith, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed this prayer until the shadow of everything became equal to its length. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he gave the adhan for the Asr prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed this prayer until the shadow of everything had become twice its length. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he gave the adhan for the Maghrib prayer when the sun had set, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed this prayer until the whiteness of the day, that is, the twilight, as it appeared to us, was about to depart. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he gave the adhan for the Isha prayer when the twilight had disappeared. Then we slept, then we woke up, and this happened several times, until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came out to us and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No one among the people other than you is waiting for this prayer, and as long as you are waiting for the prayer, you will be counted as being in prayer. Had I not feared that I would put my Ummah to hardship, I would have commanded them to delay this prayer until half the night, or close to half the night. (The narrator says:) Then he gave the adhan for the Fajr prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed it until the sun was about to rise. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the order, he called the iqamah for the prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the prayer. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The (appointed) time (of the prayers) is between these two.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its chain is hasan (good).