كِتابُ الْحَج
Issues of Hajj
Hajj means intention. Intending to go to the House of Allah with specific actions and conditions is called Hajj. It is the fifth fundamental pillar of Islam. It is obligatory only on a person who is capable, and its performance takes place in Dhu al-Hijjah. Not performing Hajj despite having the capability is a major sin, and outright denial of it is disbelief. According to the opinion of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), jizya should be taken from those who deny Hajj because they fall outside the fold of Islam
. Regarding its virtues, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that the reward for an accepted Hajj is only Paradise.
بابُ الْمَوَاقِيتِ Explanation of Miqat
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَلا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ وَقَتَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَلَأَهْلِ الشَّامِ الْجُحْفَةَ، وَلَأَهْلِ نَجْدٍ قَرْنَ الْمَنَازِلِ، وَلِأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يَلَمْلَمَ ، هُنَّ لَهُمْ وَلِمَنْ أَتَى عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِهِنَّ مِمَّنْ أَرَادَ الْحَجَّ أَوِ الْعُمْرَةَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ دُونَ ذَالِكَ فَمِنْ حَيْثُ أَنْشَأَ ، حَتَّى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ .
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) appointed Dhu al-Hulayfah for the people of Madinah, Al-Juhfah for the people of Sham, Qarn al-Manazil for the people of Najd, and Yalamlam for the people of Yemen as Miqats. These (Mawaqeet) are for them and also for the person who wishes to perform Hajj or Umrah and is not a resident of these two countries but passes through these (Mawaqeet). Whoever is outside these will have his Miqat from the place where he begins his journey, so the people of Makkah will have their Miqat from Makkah itself.
Explanation of terms:
الْمَوَاقِيتُ: This is the plural of Miqat, meaning the place from where pilgrims put on Ihram.
ذُو الْحَلِيفَة: This is the Miqat for the people of Madinah, nowadays also called Abyar, located 430 kilometers from Makkah.
الجحفة: This is the Miqat for the people of Egypt, Sham, and western countries, located 201 kilometers from Makkah.
يَلمُلَمُ: This is the Miqat for the people of Hind, Java, China, and Egypt, located 80 kilometers from Makkah.
قَرْنَ الْمَنَازِلِ: This is the Miqat for the people of Taif, Najd, Najd Yemen, and Najd Hijaz, also 80 kilometers from Makkah. It has been named Abu Sail Kabir.
There is also a fifth Miqat, Dhat Irq, nowadays called Dhirbah. From here, the people of Iraq, Iran, and eastern countries put on Ihram, and it is also 80 kilometers from Makkah. Explanation of the Hadith: This hadith mentions the separate Miqats for pilgrims and Umrah performers coming from different countries, indicating that each person will put on Ihram from the Miqat corresponding to his region. Imam Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) established a chapter titled “Chapter on the Time for the People of Makkah for Hajj and Umrah” proving that the Miqat for Hajj and Umrah is the same, with no difference between them.
الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ [ ص: 434] The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “The people of Madinah put on Ihram from Dhu al-Hulayfah, the people of Sham from Al-Juhfah, the people of Najd from Qarn.” He said: “And I have heard that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The people of Yemen put on Ihram from Yalamlam.”
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The people of Madinah will put on Ihram from Dhu al-Hulayfah, the people of Sham from Al-Juhfah, and the people of Najd from Qarn al-Manazil. Ibn Umar said that he also heard that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The people of Yemen will put on Ihram from Yalamlam.
Explanation of the Hadith:
This hadith only mentions the Mawaqeet.
بَابُ مَا يَلْبَسُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الشَّيَابِ :
Explanation of the clothing of the Muhrim
الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: { أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا يَلْبَسُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنْ الثِّيَابِ؟ قَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . لَا يَلْبَسُ الْقُمُصَ ، وَلَا الْعَمَائِمَ ، وَلَا السَّرَاوِيلَاتِ ، وَلَا الْبَرَانِسَ ، وَلَا الْخِفَافَ ، إلَّا أَحَدٌ لَا يَجِدُ نَعْلَيْنِ فَلْيَلْبَسْ خُفَّيْنِ وَلْيَقْطَعْهُمَا أَسْفَلَ مِنْ الْكَعْبَيْنِ ، وَلَا يَلْبَسْ مِنْ الثِّيَابِ شَيْئًا مَسَّهُ زَعْفَرَانٌ أَوْ وَرْسٌ } . وَلِلْبُخَارِيِّ { وَلَا تَنْتَقِبْ الْمَرْأَةُ . وَلَا تَلْبَسْ الْقُفَّازَيْنِ } .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that a man asked: O Messenger of Allah! What clothes can a Muhrim wear? The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: He cannot wear a shirt, turban, trousers, cap, or socks. However, if he cannot find shoes, then he may wear socks but must cut off the lower part of both. Also, he should not wear any cloth dyed with saffron or wars.
And in Bukhari: وَلَا تَنْتَقِبِ الْمَرْأَةُ ، وَلَاتَلْبَسِ الْقُفَّازَيْنِ .
In Bukhari it is stated: A woman should neither wear a niqab nor gloves.
Explanation of terms:
السراويلاتُ: This is the plural of sirwal, meaning the part of clothing that covers the lower part of the body.
الْبَرَانِسُ: This is the plural of barnus, meaning anything that covers the head.
الْخِفَافُ: This is the plural of khuff, meaning something worn on the feet covering up to half the calf.
الوَرُسُ: This is a plant found in Arabia, Abyssinia, and India used for dyeing, also called Indian saffron.
لَا تُنتَقِبِ الْمَرْأَةُ: A woman should not wear a niqab, meaning she should not cover her face. The verb is in the feminine singular, present tense, form Iftaal.
Explanation of the Hadith:
Notice the style of expression in this hadith: the question was what clothes a Muhrim can wear, but the answer was given in terms of what he cannot wear. The reason is that the permissible clothes for Ihram were numerous, while the impermissible ones were countable. Therefore, by mentioning the few impermissible items, it was implied that all others are permissible. This is the eloquence of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
It is not permissible for a Muhrim to cover his head.
However, according to scholars, covering the face is permissible, and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) practiced this, as narrated by Imam Malik.
But Imam Ahmad considers it under the ruling of covering the head. Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said that a Muhrim cannot do this, but if he does, there is no fidya (expiation).
It is permissible for a Muhrim to seek shade under a tent or cloth because the Prophet (peace be upon him) was also provided a tent.
Wearing clothes dyed with wars or saffron is not permissible for men or women.
الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْطُبُ بِعَرَفَاتٍ : مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ نَعْلَيْنِ فَلْيَلْبَسْ الْخُفَّيْنِ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ إزَارًا فَلْيَلْبَسْ السَّرَاوِيلَ: لِلْمُحْرِمِ } .
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that he heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) delivering a sermon at Arafat: Whoever cannot find shoes should wear socks, and whoever cannot find a waist wrapper should wear trousers.
Explanation of the Hadith: This concession is only in the case when shoes or waist wrappers are not available.
الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا { أَنَّ تَلْبِيَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ ، إنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ ، وَالْمُلْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ } . قَالَ: وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يَزِيدُ فِيهَا ” لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ ، وَسَعْدَيْكَ ، وَالْخَيْرُ بِيَدَيْكَ ، وَالرَّغْبَاءُ إلَيْكَ وَالْعَمَلُ ” .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Talbiyah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was: لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ “Here I am at Your service, O Allah! Here I am at Your service. Here I am at Your service. Surely, You have no partner. All praise, all blessings, and all sovereignty belong to You. You have no partner.”
قَالَ: وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يَزِيدُ فِيهَا: لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ وَالْخَيْرُ بِيَدَيْكَط وَالرَّغْبَاءُ إِلَيْكَ وَالْعَمَلُ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to add: Labbayka Labbayka wa Sa’dayka wal-Khayru biyadayka war-Raghba ilayka wal-‘Amal. “We are present before You, we are present before You, and by Your grace, we enjoy this happiness. All goodness is in Your hands, and all desires and good deeds are directed towards You.”
Explanation of terms: Labbayk: How to be present before You in obedience and submission to Your command.
سَعدَيْكَ: By Your help, I have attained this great happiness.
الرَّغْبَاءُ: All desires, hopes, and wishes.
Explanation of the Hadith:
Hafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the opinions of Imam Tahawi (may Allah have mercy on him) and Imam Qurtubi (may Allah have mercy on him) that scholars have consensus on this Talbiyah لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ لا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ ..
The addition by Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is not agreed upon.
الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعُ: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ { لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاَللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُسَافِرَ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ إلَّا وَمَعَهَا حُرْمَةٌ } . وَفِي لَفْظِ الْبُخَارِيِّ ” لَا تُسَافِرُ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ إلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ ” .
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel a distance of one day and one night without a Mahram.
وَفِي لَفْظِ الْبُخَارِيِّ لَا تُسَافِرُ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ .
Bukhari states: A woman should not travel a distance of one day except with a Mahram.
Explanation of terms:
ذى مَحرَم: This refers to a relative with whom marriage is forbidden.
Explanation of the Hadith:
In one narration, a man said: O Messenger of Allah! My wife is going for Hajj while I have enrolled in such and such battle. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: انْطَلِقْ فَحُجَّ مَعَهَا Go and perform Hajj with her.
Scholars agree that there is no distinction between an old or young woman in this matter; the presence of a Mahram is necessary for both.
بَابُ الْفِدْيَةِ :
Explanation of Fidya (Expiation):
الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ قَالَ: { جَلَسْتُ إلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ . فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ الْفِدْيَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي خَاصَّةً . وَهِيَ لَكُمْ عَامَّةً . حُمِلْتُ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْقَمْلُ يَتَنَاثَرُ عَلَى وَجْهِي . فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ أُرَى الْوَجَعَ بَلَغَ بِكَ مَا أَرَى – أَوْ مَا كُنْتُ أُرَى الْجَهْدَ بَلَغَ بِكَ مَا أَرَى – أَتَجِدُ شَاةً؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا . فَقَالَ: صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ ، لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ فَرَقًا بَيْنَ سِتَّةٍ ، أَوْ يُهْدِيَ شَاةً ، أَوْ يَصُومَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ } .
Abdullah bin Muqil narrates that he was sitting with Sayyiduna Ka’b bin Ujrah (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him about fidya. He said that this ruling was revealed specifically for me but is general for you. I was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) while lice were falling on my face. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: I did not consider the hardship you are now experiencing, or (he said) I did not consider the difficulty you are now undergoing. Do you have a goat? I said: No. He said: Fast for three days or feed six poor people, half a Sa’ for each poor person.
In one narration, the Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered him to feed six people one meal each, or sacrifice a goat, or fast for three days.
Explanation of terms:
ما كنتُ أرى: I did not think, I did not consider. / Singular masculine and feminine first-person present tense verb, form I.
الوجع:: Burden.
الجَهْدُ: Hardship.
الفرق: This was the measure of Madinah, consisting of three Sa’.
Explanation of the Hadith: This indicates that when a general ruling is revealed due to a specific reason, the general ruling applies, not the specific reason for which it was revealed, as per the legal maxim: الْعِبْرَةُ بِعُمُومِ اللَّفْظِ لا بِخُصُوصِ السَّبَبِ. Thus, in this matter, the general ruling is considered, not the special cause.
Secondly, this hadith shows that the detailed rulings mentioned in the Qur’an are known through hadith, as the Qur’an commands fidya generally, but its amount is known from hadith. Therefore, those who reject hadith and consider only the Qur’an sufficient for Islamic rulings are mistaken. Hafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) states in his explanation of this hadith that it refutes those who differentiate between wheat and dates. Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him) and the people of Kufa say that half a Sa’ of wheat is required, but if dates are given, then one Sa’ must be given. Their position is not entirely correct because this hadith contradicts it.
Narrator of the Hadith:
Abdullah bin Muqil (may Allah be pleased with him) was known as Abu Waleed and was a trustworthy Tabi’i. He was from Kufa and brother of Abdul Rahman bin Muqil. He died in 83 AH.
فَتَحَ يَفْتَحُ
