السنن المأثورة
Sunan al-Shafi'i
باب ما جاء في القسامةChapter. What has been reported about Qasamah (oath-taking in murder cases).
باب ما جاء في القسامة
Chapter. What has been reported about Qasamah (oath-taking in murder cases).
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Hadith 589
أَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ رِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مِنْ جَهْدٍ أَصَابَهُمْ فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِمَا ، فَأَتَى مُحَيِّصَةُ فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَطُرِحَ فِي فَقِيرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ ، فَأَتَى يَهُودَ فَقَالَ : أَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ ، قَالُوا : وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ، فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ ، فَذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ لَيَتَكَلَّمَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخَيْبَرَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمُحَيِّصَةَ : " كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ " يُرِيدُ السِّنَّ ، فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ ، ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِمَّا أَنْ يَدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ " ، فَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَكَتَبُوا : إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِحُوَيِّصَةَ ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ : " تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ ؟ " قَالُوا : لا ، قَالَ : " أَفَيَحْلِفُ يَهُودُ " قَالُوا : لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ حَتَّى أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّارَ قَالَ سَهْلٌ : لَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي مِنْهَا نَاقَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ .
It is narrated from Sahl bin Abi Khaythamah, may Allah have mercy on him, that the elders of his people informed him that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sahl, may Allah be pleased with him, and Sayyiduna Muhayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him, went to Khaybar due to hardship (to get dates). Both separated for their needs, then Sayyiduna Muhayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him, was informed that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sahl, may Allah be pleased with him, had been killed and thrown into a pit or a spring. So he said to the Jews: "By Allah, you have killed him." The Jews said: "By Allah, we did not kill him." Then Muhayyisah returned and informed his people. Then he, his elder brother Sayyiduna Huwayyisah, and Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Sahl, may Allah be pleased with them, the brother of the slain, came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Muhayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him, wanted to speak because he was the one present in Khaybar, but the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Muhayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him: "Let the elder speak." So Sayyiduna Huwayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him, spoke, then Muhayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him, spoke. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The Jews must either pay the blood money or be prepared for war." In this regard, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, wrote a letter to the Jews. The Jews replied in writing: "By Allah, we did not kill him." Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Sayyiduna Huwayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him, Sayyiduna Muhayyisah, may Allah be pleased with him, and Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman, may Allah be pleased with him: "Can you establish your case by swearing an oath?" The companions, may Allah be pleased with them, said: "No, we were not eyewitnesses." Then he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Shall the Jews swear fifty oaths in your place and be acquitted (that they did not kill him)?" The companions said: "O Messenger of Allah, how can you accept the oath of the disbelievers? (That is, they are disbelievers and do not uphold the sanctity of the oath.)" The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, paid the blood money from his own side. So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent one hundred camels to them until they reached their home. Sahl, may Allah be pleased with him, says: "One of those red she-camels kicked me."
Hadith 590
وَأَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ الأَنْصَارِيَّ ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِمَا ، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ، فَقَدِمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ فَأَتَى هُوَ ، وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَهُوَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ لِمَكَانِهِ مِنْ أَخِيهِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ " ، فَتَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ فَذَكَرَا شَأْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ قَتِيلِكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبِكُمْ ؟ " فَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَحْضُرْ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا ؟ " فَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ ؟ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : قَالَ يَحْيَى : فَزَعَمَ بَشِيرٌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَدَاهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ .
It is narrated from Basheer bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sahal Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Muhayyisa bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) both went to Khaybar. Both separated for their needs, and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sahal (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed. Sayyiduna Muhayyisa (may Allah be pleased with him) returned, and he, his brother Sayyiduna Huwayyisa (may Allah be pleased with him), and the brother of the slain, Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Sahal (may Allah be pleased with him), came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Abdur Rahman (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to speak, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Let the elder speak.” Muhayyisa (may Allah be pleased with him) and Huwayyisa (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke about Abdullah bin Sahal (may Allah be pleased with him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Can you swear fifty oaths and thus become entitled to blood money?” They said, “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we were not eyewitnesses.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Then the Jews will swear fifty oaths and be acquitted.” They said, “How can we accept the oaths of disbelievers?” Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Yahya (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Basheer (may Allah have mercy on him) thinks that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money on behalf of his (state).
Hadith 591
حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي بُشَيْرُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ، قَالَ : وُجِدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَتِيلا فِي فَقِيرٍ مِنْ فُقُرِ خَيْبَرَ أَوْ قَالَ : فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلُبِ خَيْبَرَ ، فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ، وَحُوَيِّصَةُ ، وَمُحَيِّصَةُ فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ يَتَكَلَّمُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْكِبَرَ الْكِبَرَ " ، فَتَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَتِيلا ، وَإِنَّ الْيَهُودَ أَهْلُ كَفْرٍ وَغَدْرٍ وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ ؟ " فَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَكَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ نَحْضُرْ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا " ، فَقَالُوا : كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ مُشْرِكِينَ ، قَالَ : فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ سَهْلٌ : فَرَكَضَتْنِي بَكْرَةٌ مِنْهَا . قَالَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ يُحَدِّثُهُ هَكَذَا وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ : لا أَدْرِي أَبَدَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الأَنْصَارَ فِي الْيَمِينِ أَمْ يَهُودَ ؟ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ : إِنَّ النَّاسَ يُحَدِّثُونَ أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ بِالأَنْصَارِ قَالَ : فَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ وَرُبَّمَا حَدَّثَهُ وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ .
Narrated from Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Khaythama (may Allah be pleased with him): Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) was found murdered in a pit in Khaybar or in a well in Khaybar. So his brother, Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Huwayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him) went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to present the case. Abdur Rahman bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to speak, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Let the elder speak.” So Sayyiduna Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke and said: “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)! We found Abdullah bin Sahl murdered, and the Jews are a disbelieving and deceitful people; they are the ones who killed him.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked: “Will you swear fifty oaths and thus become entitled to the blood money?” They said, “O Messenger of Allah! How can we swear oaths about a matter which we did not witness and did not see with our own eyes?” So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Then the Jews will swear fifty oaths and be acquitted.” They said, “How can we accept the oaths of a polytheist people?” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) paid the blood money from his own side. Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) says: One of those camels kicked me. Imam Shafi’i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him), when narrating, sometimes said: I do not know whether the oaths were started with the Ansar or with the Jews. So it was said to him: People say the option of oaths was first given to the Ansar. He said: It seems so. And many times, Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated this hadith without any doubt.
Hadith 592
أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي بُشَيْرُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ الأَنْصَارِيَّ ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ ، خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا لِحَاجَتِهِمَا ، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ، فَانْطَلَقَ هُوَ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ ، وَحُوَيِّصَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فَذَكَرَا لَهُ شَأْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَتَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا فَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ قَتِيلِكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبِكُمْ ؟ " فَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَحْضُرْ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا ؟ " فَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ ! فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَقَلَهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ . قَالَ بَشِيرٌ : قَالَ سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ : فَلَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي فَرِيضَةٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي مِرْبَدٍ لَنَا .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Muhayyisah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) went to Khaybar. There, they separated for their needs, and Abdullah bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed. He, along with the brother of the murdered, Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Huwayyisah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), went to the court of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). They presented the case of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Will you swear fifty oaths and thus be entitled to the blood money?” They replied, “We were not present, nor did we see.” So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Then the Jews will swear fifty oaths and be acquitted.” They said, “O Messenger of Allah! Shall we accept the oaths of disbelievers?” So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money from the treasury. The narrator Bishr says that Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Among the camels of that blood money, one of the camels kicked me in our enclosure.
