السنن المأثورة
Sunan al-Shafi'i
باب ما جاء في صلاة الكسوفChapter. What has been reported about the eclipse prayer.
باب ما جاء في صلاة الكسوف
Chapter. What has been reported about the eclipse prayer.
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Hadith 47
أَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : خُسِفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالنَّاسِ , فَقَامَ , فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ , ثُمَّ قَامَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ , ثُمَّ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الأُخْرَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ , ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ , وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ , فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ , فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ , ثُمَّ قَالَ : " إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ , لا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلا لِحَيَاتِهِ , فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَادْعُوا اللَّهَ وَكَبِّرُوا وَتَصَدَّقُوا " , وَقَالَ : " يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ , وَاللَّهِ , مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَغْيَرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يَزْنِيَ عَبْدُهُ أَوْ تَزْنِيَ أَمَتُهُ , يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ , لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَعْلَمُ , لَضَحِكْتُمْ قَلِيلا , وَلَبَكَيْتُمْ كَثِيرًا " .
It is narrated from Umm al-Mu'minin Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), there was a solar eclipse. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) led the people in congregation, performed a long standing (qiyam), then a long bowing (ruku'), then stood up again for a long standing, but it was somewhat shorter than the first standing. Then he went into ruku', and this ruku' was shorter than the previous one. Then he raised his head from ruku' and performed prostration (sajdah). He did the same in the second rak'ah. When he returned, the eclipse had ended. Then he delivered a sermon to the people, and after praising and glorifying Allah, he said: "The sun and the moon are two signs among the signs of Allah; they do not eclipse because of anyone's death or life. When you see an eclipse, supplicate, say takbir, and give charity." And he said: "O Ummah of Muhammad! By Allah, there is no one more protective than Allah that His servant or His maidservant should commit adultery. O Ummah of Muhammad! If you knew what I know, you would laugh little and weep much."
Hadith 48
وَأَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ , فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالنَّاسُ مَعَهُ , فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلا , قَالَ : نَحْوًا مِنْ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ , قَالَ : ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلا , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ , فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ سَجَدَ , ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ , وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ , فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ , لا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلا لِحَيَاتِهِ , فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ " , قَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ , رَأَيْنَاكَ تَنَاوَلْتَ فِي مَقَامِكَ هَذَا شَيْئًا , ثُمَّ رَأَيْنَاكَ تَكَعْكَعْتَ ! قَالَ : " إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْجَنَّةَ , فَتَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا عُنْقُودًا , وَلَوْ أَخَذْتُهُ لأَكَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنْيَا , وَرَأَيْتُ أَوْ أُرِيتُ النَّارَ فَلَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ مَنْظَرًا قَطُّ , وَرَأَيْتُ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِهَا النِّسَاءَ " , قَالُوا : بِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ : " بِكُفْرِهِنَّ " , قِيلَ : أَيَكْفُرْنَ بِاللَّهِ ؟ ! قَالَ : " يَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ , وَيَكْفُرْنَ الإِحْسَانَ , لَوْ أَحْسَنْتَ إِلَى إِحْدَاهُنَّ الدَّهْرَ ثُمَّ رَأَتْ مِنْكَ شَيْئًا قَالَتْ : مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْكَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ ! " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when a solar eclipse occurred, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led the prayer and the people were with him. He stood for a long time, reciting Surah Al-Baqarah, then performed a long bowing (ruku’). After rising from ruku’, he stood again for a long time, but this standing was somewhat shorter than the first. Then he performed a bowing which was somewhat shorter than the first bowing, then he prostrated. After completing the prayer and saying salam, the eclipse had ended. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The sun and the moon are two signs among the signs of Allah. Their eclipses are not due to anyone’s death or life. When you see an eclipse, remember Allah.” The people said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! We saw you during the standing as if you were reaching for something, then we saw you step back? He said: “I saw Paradise, so I tried to take a bunch (of its fruit). If I had taken it, you would have eaten from it as long as the world remains. And I saw the Fire, or it was shown to me, and I have never seen a more terrifying sight than that. I saw that the majority of its inhabitants were women.” The companions asked: Why were there more women? He said: “Because of their ingratitude.” The companions asked: Do they disbelieve in Allah? He said: “No, they are ungrateful to their husbands and are unappreciative. If you do good to them all your life and then they see something displeasing, they will say: I have never seen any good from you.”
Hadith 49
أَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ ابْنَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَهُودِيَّةً جَاءَتْ تَسْأَلُهَا , فَقَالَتْ : أَعَاذَكِ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ , فَسَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَيُعَذَّبُ النَّاسُ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " عَائِذًا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ! " ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ غَدَاةٍ مَرْكَبًا , فَخَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ ضُحًى , فَخَرَجَ فَمَرَّ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيِ الْحُجَرِ , ثُمَّ قَامَ يُصَلِّي , فَقَامَ النَّاسُ وَرَاءَهُ , فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلا , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلا , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ , ثُمَّ قَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ , وَانْصَرَفَ , فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ , ثُمَّ " أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَتَعَوَّذُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ .
It is narrated from Umm al-Mu’minin Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that a Jewish woman came begging and said, “May Allah protect you from the punishment of the grave.” Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), “Will people be punished in the grave?” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, “I seek refuge with Allah from that.” Then one morning, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out riding somewhere, and the sun was eclipsed. He (peace and blessings be upon him) returned at the time of Ishraq, passed between the chambers, and began to pray. The people stood behind him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) stood for a long time, then bowed for a long time, then after rising from bowing, stood for a long time, though it was a little less than the first standing. Then he bowed for a long time, but less than the first bowing. Then he rose and prostrated. Then (in the second rak’ah) he stood for a long time, but less than before, then bowed for a long time, which was less than before, then stood for a long time, which was less than before, then bowed for a long time, though less than before, then prostrated. Then he rose and performed the second prostration, then stood for a long time, which was less than before, then bowed for a long time, but less than before, then stood for a long time, which was less than before, then bowed for a long time, which was less than before, then after rising from bowing, he prostrated, and when he finished the prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated as Allah willed, then instructed the companions to seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave.
Hadith 50
وَسَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الأَنْصَارِيِّ ، قَالَ : انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ يَوْمَ مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , فَقَالَ النَّاسُ : كَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِمَوْتِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ , فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ , لا يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلا لِحَيَاتِهِ , فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَافْزَعُوا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَإِلَى الصَّلاةِ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him): On the day when Ibrahim (may Allah be pleased with him), the son of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), passed away, there was a solar eclipse. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The sun and the moon are two signs among the signs of Allah; their eclipses are not due to anyone's death or life. When you see this sign, hasten to the remembrance of Allah and to prayer."
Hadith 51
أَنْبَأَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَةَ ابْنَةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ تُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، قَالَتْ : أَتَتْنِي يَهُودِيَّةٌ , فَقَالَتْ : أَعَاذَكِ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ , فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , فَقَالَ كَلِمَةً إِلَيَّ , كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ , قَالَ : فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمًا فِي مَرْكَبٍ لَهُ , فَخَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَنِسْوَةٌ بَيْنَ الْحُجَرِ , فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ مَرْكَبِهِ سَرِيعًا , حَتَّى قَامَ فِي مُصَلاهُ , فَكَبَّرَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلا , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلا , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ , وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ سُجُودًا طَوِيلا , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ سُجُودًا طَوِيلا , وَهُوَ دُونَ السُّجُودِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ فَعَلَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَهُ , فَكَانَتْ صَلاتُهُ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ , قَالَ : فَسَمِعْتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ , فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ , إِنَّا لَنُعَذَّبُ فِي قُبُورِنَا ؟ فَقَالَ : " نَعَمْ ، تُفْتَنُونَ فِي قُبُورِكُمْ , كَفِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ أَوْ كَفِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ " .
Narrated from Umm al-Mu’minin Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that a Jewish woman came to me and said, “May Allah protect you from the punishment of the grave.” I mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) responded in such a way as if revelation regarding this had not yet come to him. The narrator says that one day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out on a mount for some task. Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says, “I went out from the chambers with other women, when suddenly the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was coming quickly until he reached the prayer place, said the takbir, and stood for a long time. Then he bowed for a long time, then stood up for a long time, but it was less than the first standing. Then he bowed for a long time, which was less than the first bowing. Then he rose from bowing and prostrated for a long time. Then he performed the second rak’ah in the same way. The prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) consisted of four bowings and four prostrations. After that, I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave. I asked, ‘Will we be punished in the grave?’ The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘You will be tested in your graves like the trial of the Dajjal.’”
Hadith 52
أَنْبَأَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ عَمْرَةَ فِي أَرْبَعِ رَكَعَاتٍ .
Sufyan bin ‘Uyaynah informed us, he said: Hisham bin ‘Urwah narrated to us from his father ‘Urwah, from Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The following hadith is similar to the hadith of ‘Umrah; in it, there is also mention of four rak‘ahs.
Hadith 53
أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْعَبْدِيِّ ، قَالَ : خَطَبَنَا سَمُرَةُ بْنُ جُنْدُبٍ , فَحَدَّثَنَا فِي خُطْبَتِهِ حَدِيثًا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : بَيْنَمَا أَنَا وَشَابٌّ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ نَنْتَضِلُ بَيْنَ غَرَضَيْنِ لَنَا , إِذِ ارْتَفَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ , ثُمَّ اسْوَدَّتْ حَتَّى آضَتْ كَأَنَّهَا تَنُّومَةٌ , فَقَالَ أَحَدُنَا لِصَاحِبِهِ : انْطَلِقْ بِنَا , فَوَاللَّهِ لَيُحْدِثَنَّ شَأْنُ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَدَثًا فِي أَصْحَابِهِ , فَانْطَلَقْنَا , فَدَفَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ , وَهُوَ يَأْزَزُ , فَوَافَقْنَا خُرُوجَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , فَصَلَّى بِنَا , فَقَامَ كَأَطْوَلِ مَا قَامَ فِي صَلاةٍ قَطُّ , لا نَسْمَعُ لَهُ حِسًّا , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ كَأَطْوَلِ مَا رَكَعَ فِي صَلاةٍ قَطُّ , لا نَسْمَعُ لَهُ حِسًّا , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ , ثُمَّ فَعَلَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ , فَوَافَقَ فَرَاغَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ تَجَلِّي الشَّمْسِ , فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطِيبًا أَوْ قَامَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ , فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ , وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ , ثُمَّ قَالَ : " أَمَّا بَعْدُ , فَإِنَّ رِجَالا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ كُسُوفَ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسِ , وَكُسُوفَ هَذَا الْقَمَرِ , وَزَوَالَ هَذِهِ النُّجُومِ عَنْ مَطَالِعِهَا لِمَوْتِ عَظِيمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الأَرْضِ , وَقَدْ كَذَبُوا , لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ , وَلَكِنَّهَا آيَاتٌ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ , لِيَنْظُرَ مَنْ يُحْدِثُ لَهُ فِيهِمْ تَوْبَةً , أَلا وَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ فِي مَقَامِي هَذَا مَا أَنْتُمْ لاقُونَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ , وَلَنْ تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ ثَلاثُونَ دَجَّالا كَذَّابًا , كُلُّهُمْ يَكْذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ , وَعَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , آخِرُهُمُ الأَعْوَرُ الدَّجَّالُ , مَمْسُوخُ الْعَيْنِ الْيُمْنَى , كَأَنَّهَا عَيْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى ، لِرَجُلٍ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ حُجْرَةِ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، فَمَنْ صَدَّقَهُ وَآمَنَ لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ صَالِحٌ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ سَلَفَ , وَمَنْ كَذَّبَهُ وَكَفَرَ بِهِ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ سَلَفَ " .
It is narrated from Tha’laba bin ‘Abad al-‘Abdi, may Allah have mercy on him, that Sayyiduna Samura bin Jundub, may Allah be pleased with him, delivered a sermon to us and mentioned a hadith in the sermon: I and a young man from the Ansar were practicing archery. The sun had risen high, then it became dark as if it were the herb Tanumah (which is dark in color). We said to each other, “Let’s go. By Allah, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, will surely inform the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, of something new in this state of the sun.” We came to the mosque, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came out from his house. We also arrived at that time. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, led us in congregation and made us stand for a very long time, longer than he had ever made us stand in any prayer. His voice was not audible. Then he bowed for a very long time, longer than in ordinary prayers. His voice was not audible. Then he stood up and prostrated. In the second rak’ah, he did the same. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, finished the prayer, the sun had become clear. Then he delivered a sermon or stood on the pulpit. After praising and glorifying Allah, he said: “«أَمَّا بَعْدُ»! Some people think that the eclipse of the sun and the moon and the falling of stars happen because of the death of a great person among the people of the earth. Surely, their belief is based on falsehood. In reality, these are signs from Allah. Allah observes who repents. I have seen at this place of mine everything that you will face until the Day of Resurrection. The Hour will not come until thirty great liars (Dajjals) appear. Each one will lie against Allah and His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him. The last of those liars will be the one-eyed Dajjal, blind in the right eye, like the eye of Abu Yahya.” (This man was sitting between the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the chamber of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, during the sermon.) “Whoever affirms the Dajjal and believes in him, his past righteous deeds will not benefit him. And whoever denies him and disbelieves in him, his previous evil deeds will not harm him.”
Hadith 54
أَنْبَأَنَا أَنْبَأَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ ، قَالَ : رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ " صَلَّى عَلَى ظَهْرِ زَمْزَمَ لِكُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ , فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَانِ " . وَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيَّ يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِّيُّ : إِنَّمَا صَلَّى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَحْدَهُ ؛ لأَنَّ الإِمَامَ لَمْ يُصَلِّ , وَلَوْ صَلَّى الإِمَامُ لَصَلَّى بِصَلاتِهِ , وَهَكَذَا مَا رَأَى اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ بِمَكَّةَ : تَرَكَ الإِمَامُ الصَّلاةَ , فَلَمْ تَكُنْ جَمَاعَةٌ تُصَلَّى , وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى بَعْضَهُمْ يَدْعُو قَائِمًا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَأَمَّا مَنْ رَأَى مِنَ الْمَكِّيِّيِنَ , فَلَيْسُوا يَتَوَقَّوْنَ الصَّلاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فِيمَا يَلْزَمُهُمْ ، يُصَلُّونَ لِلطَّوَافِ وَكُلَّ صَلاةٍ لَزِمَتْ , وَلَعَلَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا تَرَكُوا ذَلِكَ تَقِيَّةً لِلسُّلْطَانِ إِذْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ , فَإِنَّ السُّلْطَانَ قَدْ كَانَ يَعْبَثُ بِهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ . وَأَمَّا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ مُوسَى فَمَذْهَبُ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ أَنْ لا يُصَلَّى بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ , وَلا بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ لِطَوَافٍ وَلا غَيْرِهِ , إِلا أَنَّهُ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ الصَّلاةَ الْفَائِتَةَ , وَالصَّلاةَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ : وَأَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ اسْتِدْلالا بِالسُّنَّةِ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ كُلَّ صَلاةٍ لَزِمَتْ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ مِنَ الأَوْقَاتِ , وَأَسْتَدِلُّ بِالسُّنَّةِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنِ الصَّلاةِ فِي الأَوْقَاتِ الَّتِي نَهَى عَنْهَا فِيمَا لا يَلْزَمُهُ , وَأَرَى لأَهْلِ الْقُرَى الصِّغَارِ الَّتِي لا إِمَامَ لَهُمْ , وَالْبَوَادِي وَالْمُسَافِرِينَ أَنْ يُصَلُّوا عِنْدَ الْكُسُوفِ مُجْتَمِعِينَ وَمُتَفَرِّقِينَ , وَأَرَى ذَلِكَ لأَهْلِ الأَمْصَارِ إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الإِمَامُ , إِلَى أَنْ يَدَعُوا ذَلِكَ تَقِيَّةً وَالصَّلاةُ فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ سَوَاءٌ , لا تَخْتَلِفَانِ , إِلا أَنَّهُ يُجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الصَّلاةِ فِي كُسُوفِ الْقَمَرِ , وَيُخَافَتُ بِهَا فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ , لاخْتِلافِ صَلاةِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ فِي الْجَهْرِ وَالْمُخَافَتَةِ سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ قَالَ : قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : وَإِذَا دَخَلَ فِي صَلاةِ الْكُسُوفِ كَبَّرَ , ثُمَّ اسْتَفْتَحَ , ثُمَّ قَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ , ثُمَّ قَرَأَ بَعْدَهَا نَحْوًا مِنْ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلا يَكُونُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ نِصْفِ قِيَامِهِ , ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْكِتَابِ , وَسُورَةٍ تَكُونُ نَحْوًا مِنْ مِائَتَيْ آيَةٍ , ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا أَخَفَّ مِنْ رُكُوعِهِ الأَوَّلِ , ثُمَّ سَجَدَ , ثُمَّ صَنَعَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ , إِلا أَنَّهُ يَجْعَلُ الْقِيَامَيْنِ فِيهَا أَخَفَّ مِنَ الْقِيَامَيْنِ فِي الأُولَى , ثُمَّ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَيُسَلِّمُ , وَإِنْ سَهَا فِيهَا , فَالسَّهْوُ فِيهَا كَالسَّهْوِ فِي صَلاةٍ غَيْرِهَا , يَسْجُدُ لَهُ قَبْلَ السَّلامِ , وَإِنِ انْصَرَفَ قَبْلَ تَجَلِّي الشَّمْسِ أَوِ الْقَمَرِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدِي أَنْ يَعُودَ لِصَلاةٍ أُخْرَى , وَلَوْ عَادَ النَّاسُ مُنْفَرِدِينَ فَصَلُّوا , كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ , وَلَوْ كُسِفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَأَبْطَأَ عَنِ الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى انْجَلَتْ كُلُّهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ ؛ لأَنَّهَا صَلاةٌ فِي وَقْتٍ , إِذَا زَالَ لَمْ تُصَلَّ فِي غَيْرِهِ ؛ لأَنَّ أَصْلَهَا لَيْسَ بِفَرْضٍ , وَلَوْ تَجَلَّى أَكْثَرُهَا , وَبَقِيَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ صَلَّى , وَلَوْ دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلاةِ ثُمَّ تَجَلَّتْ مِنْ مَكَانِهَا أَوْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَضَى لِصَلاتِهِ ؛ لأَنَّهُ دَخَلَ فِيهَا فِي وَقْتٍ أُمِرَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ وَيُتِمَّهَا كَمَا كَانَ يُتِمُّهَا لَوْ لَمْ تَنْجَلِ , وَلَوْ كُسِفَتْ فَغَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَهِيَ كَاسِفَةٌ , وَقَدْ فَرَّطَ فِي الصَّلاةِ فِي النَّهَارِ وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ صَلاةَ الْكُسُوفِ لِلشَّمْسِ فِي اللَّيْلِ , وَيُصَلِّيهَا فِي النَّهَارِ مَا كَانَتْ كَاسِفَةً , الْقَمَرُ فِي كُلِّ مَا وَصَفْنَا فِي الشَّمْسِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ . وَفِي قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ : " إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ , لا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلا لِحَيَاتِهِ , فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ , فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّلاةَ فِي كُسُوفِ الْقَمَرِ كَهِيَ فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ ؛ لأَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ كُسُوفِهَا أَمْرًا وَاحِدًا , وَقَدْ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ فَيَفْزَعُ إِلَيْهِ بِنَوْعٍ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ الْبِرِّ , فَلَمَّا فَزِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ عِنْدَ كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ كَانَ الذِّكْرُ الَّذِي أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ الذِّكْرَ لِيُصَلَّى لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى مَعَ أَنَّ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِالصَّلاةِ عِنْدَ كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ , وَأَمْرُهُ كَفِعْلِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى فِي كُسُوفِ الْقَمَرِ . وَقَدْ حَضَرْتُ مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا مَنْ يُصَلِّي عِنْدَ كُسُوفِ الْقَمَرِ وَيَأْمُرُ بِهِ الْوُلاةَ , وَيُصَلِّي مَعَهُمْ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : وَلا أَرَى لازِمًا أَنْ يَجْمَعَ صَلاةً عِنْدَ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الآيَاتِ غَيْرَ الْكُسُوفِ , وَقَدْ كَانَتْ آيَاتٌ , مَا عَلِمْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ بِالصَّلاةِ عِنْدَ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا , وَلا مِنْ خُلَفَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلامُ , وَقَدْ زُلْزِلَتِ الأَرْضُ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ , فَمَا عَلِمْنَاهُ صَلَّى , وَقَدْ قَامَ خَطِيبًا , فَحَضَّ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ , وَأَمَرَ بِالتَّوْبَةِ . وَأَنَا أُحِبُّ لِلنَّاسِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مُنْفَرِدًا عِنْدَ الظُّلْمَةِ وَالزَّلْزَلَةِ وَشِدَّةِ الرِّيحِ وَالْخَسْفِ وَانْتِشَارِ النُّجُومِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الآيَاتِ وَقَدْ رَوَى الْبَصْرِيُّونَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ صَلَّى بِهِمْ فِي زَلْزَلَةٍ , وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَا ذَلِكَ لِمَا وَصَفْنَا مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِجَمْعِ الصَّلاةِ إِلا عِنْدَ الْكُسُوفِ , وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُحْفَظْ أَنَّ عُمَرَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ صَلَّى عِنْدَ الزَّلْزَلَةِ .
It is narrated from Safwan bin Abdullah bin Safwan (may Allah have mercy on him) that he saw Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) in Makkah at the well of Zamzam performing the prayer of eclipse (Salat al-Kusuf) alone, with two rak‘ahs and four bowings (ruku‘). Imam Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) performed the prayer alone because the Imam had not led the prayer; if the Imam had led it, he would have prayed with him. Similarly, Layth bin Sa‘d (may Allah have mercy on him) saw in Makkah that the Imam did not lead the prayer of eclipse, so there was no congregation, and he mentioned that some people would stand and supplicate after ‘Asr. Based on this incident, those who deny the prayer of eclipse after ‘Asr are obliged to consider that they do perform the two rak‘ahs after tawaf! Similarly, they also perform obligatory prayers (such as missed prayers, etc.). They should know that the people of Makkah abandoned the congregational prayer of eclipse to avoid the ruler of that time, who did not accept it; the ruler of that era used to tamper with religious matters. The school of the Madinan companions of Ayyub bin Musa (may Allah have mercy on him) is that even after ‘Asr and Fajr, one should not perform voluntary prayers such as tawaf, but the objection also applies to them: why then do you perform missed prayers and funeral prayers at those times? The school of Imam Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) is that prayers with a specific cause (sabab) can be performed at any time; what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited regarding prayer at forbidden times is other than those with a cause or obligation, i.e., it does not relate to general voluntary prayers. The Imam says that in my opinion, small towns, villages, and travelers should also perform the prayer of eclipse in congregation or alone, and the people of cities should do the same if they do not have an Imam, unless they abandon it out of precaution, i.e., out of fear of the ruler’s mischief. And the rulings for solar and lunar eclipses are the same, except that since the solar eclipse occurs during the day, the recitation should be somewhat soft, and since the lunar eclipse occurs at night, the recitation should be loud. Imam Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that when starting the prayer of eclipse, one should say the takbir, then the opening supplication, then al-Fatihah, then recite as long as Surah al-Baqarah, then a long bowing about half the length of Surah al-Baqarah, then after rising from ruku‘, recite al-Fatihah again, then about two hundred verses, then a bowing shorter than the first, then prostrate, then do the same in the second rak‘ah, except that the standing in the second rak‘ah should be shorter than the first, then recite the tashahhud and say the salam. If one forgets in the prayer of eclipse, he should perform the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) before the salam, as in other prayers. If the prayer of eclipse is completed before the eclipse ends, my verdict is not that one should start the prayer again. However, if people later perform voluntary prayers individually, that is up to them. If the eclipse occurs but a person delays and the eclipse ends, then after the eclipse is over, there is no prayer for him, because the time for this prayer has passed; he should not pray without its time, because essentially the prayer of eclipse is not obligatory. If most of the eclipse has ended and a little remains, he should still pray. If the eclipse ends during the prayer, he should complete the prayer, because the prayer was started within its time. If the sun sets as soon as the eclipse occurs, he should not pray, because the prayer of solar eclipse is not a night prayer but is to be performed during the day as long as the eclipse lasts. And the same rulings apply to the moon, because in the hadith it is stated: the sun and the moon are two signs among the signs of Allah, their occurrence is not related to anyone’s life or death; when you see them, remember Allah. So this hadith is evidence that there is prayer for the lunar eclipse as well, because after mentioning both signs, the same command was given: remember Allah, pray. The remembrance of Allah is to turn to Allah, to do righteous deeds. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw the eclipse and became anxious, he commanded prayer; this command is like a Qur’anic command:
﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى﴾ [العلى : 14-15]
In the hadith of Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him), it is stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded prayer at the time of solar and lunar eclipses; his command is like his action. In the narration of Ibn Abi Yahya (may Allah have mercy on him), it is stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed prayer at the time of lunar eclipse; our jurists perform prayer at the time of lunar eclipse and command the governor to do so, and they used to pray with him. The school of Imam Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) is that if any sign other than an eclipse appears, congregational prayer is not obligatory; other signs appeared during the Prophetic era (peace and blessings be upon him), but he did not command prayer for any other sign, nor did the caliphs after him do so. During the era of ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), there was an earthquake, but to our knowledge, he did not perform prayer; rather, he delivered a sermon, encouraged charity, and commanded repentance. Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I prefer that at the appearance of darkness, earthquake, storm, landslide, or falling stars, or the appearance of other such signs, a person should pray alone, not in congregation. The Egyptians have narrated that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) led them in congregation at the time of an earthquake; Imam Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: we have abandoned acting on this, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) only led the congregation at the time of eclipse, and it is not narrated from ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he led a congregation at the time of an earthquake.
﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى﴾ [العلى : 14-15]
In the hadith of Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him), it is stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded prayer at the time of solar and lunar eclipses; his command is like his action. In the narration of Ibn Abi Yahya (may Allah have mercy on him), it is stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed prayer at the time of lunar eclipse; our jurists perform prayer at the time of lunar eclipse and command the governor to do so, and they used to pray with him. The school of Imam Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) is that if any sign other than an eclipse appears, congregational prayer is not obligatory; other signs appeared during the Prophetic era (peace and blessings be upon him), but he did not command prayer for any other sign, nor did the caliphs after him do so. During the era of ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), there was an earthquake, but to our knowledge, he did not perform prayer; rather, he delivered a sermon, encouraged charity, and commanded repentance. Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I prefer that at the appearance of darkness, earthquake, storm, landslide, or falling stars, or the appearance of other such signs, a person should pray alone, not in congregation. The Egyptians have narrated that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) led them in congregation at the time of an earthquake; Imam Shafi‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: we have abandoned acting on this, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) only led the congregation at the time of eclipse, and it is not narrated from ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he led a congregation at the time of an earthquake.
