Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: He who takes an oath in the course of which he says: By Lat (and al-'Uzza), he should say: There is no god but Allah; and that if anyone says to his friend: "Come and I will gamble with you," he should pay sadaqa.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: He who took an oath and then found another thing better than (this) should expiate for the oath (broken) by him and do (the better thing).

'Abdullah bin 'Umar reported that 'Umar bin Khattab asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as he was at ji'rana (a town near Makkah) on his way back from Ta'if: Messenger of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of Ignorance that I would observe I'tikaf for one day in the Sacred Mosque. So what is your opinion? He said: Go and observe I'tikaf for a day. And Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) gave him a slave girl out of the one-fifth (of the spoils of war meant for the Holy Prophet). And when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) set the war prisoners free, 'Umar bin Khattab heard their voice as they were saying: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) has set us free. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: What is this? They said: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) has set free the prisoners of war (which had fallen to the lot of people). Thereupon he (Hadrat 'Umar) said:'Abdullah, go to that slave-girl and set her free.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: It is essential to feed the slave, clothe him (properly) and not burden him with work which is beyond his power.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar through another chain of transmitters.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: For a faithful slave there are two rewards. By him in Whose hand is the life of Abu Hurairah (RA) , but for Jihad in the cause of Allah, and Pilgrimage and kindness to my mother, I would have preferred to die as a slave. He (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters) said: This news reached us that Abu Hurairah (RA) did not perform Pilgrimage until his mother died for (keeping himself constantly) in her service.

This hadith has been narrated through another chain of transmitters with a slight variation of words.

Sulaiman bin Yasar, the freed slave of Maimuna, the wife of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) , narrated from one of the Ansari Companions of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) retained (the practice) of Qasama as it was in the pre-Islamic days.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that two women of the tribe of Hudhail fought with each other and one of them flung a stone at the other, killing her and what was in her womb. The case was brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he gave judgment that the diyat (indemnity) of her unborn child is a male or a female slave of the best quality, and he also decided that the diyat of the woman is to be paid by her relative on the father's side, and he (the Holy Prophet) made her sons and those who were with them her heirs. Hamal bin al-Nabigha al-Hudhali said: Messenger of Allah, why should I pay blood-wit for one who neither drank, nor ate, nor spoke, nor made any noise; it is like a nonentity (it is, therefore, not justifiable to demand blood-wit for it). Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: He seems to be one of the brothers of soothsavers on account of the rhymed speech which he has composed.

'A'isha reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: The hand of a thief should not be cut off but for a quarter of a dinar and upwards.

'A'isha reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: The hand (of a thief) should not be cut off but for a quarter of a dinar and what is above that.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar through some other chains of transmitters but with a slight variation of words.

'A'isha, the wife of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) , reported that the Quraish were concerned about the woman who had committed theft during the lifetime of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) , in the expedition of Victory (of Makkah). They said: Who would speak to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) about her? They (again) said: Who can dare do this but Usama b Zaid, the loved one of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ? She was brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and Usama bin Zaid spoke about her to him (interceded on her behalf). The colour of the face of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) changed, and he said: Do you intercede in one of the prescribed punishments of Allah? He (Usama) said: 'Messenger of Allah, seek forgiveness for me. When it was dusk. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stood up and gave an address. He (first) glorified Allah as He deserves, and then said: Now to our topic. This (injustice) destroyed those before you that when any one of (high) rank committed theft among them, they spared him, and when any weak one among them committed theft, they inflicted the prescribed punishment upon him. By Him in Whose Hand is my life, even if Fatima daughter of Muhammad were to commit theft, I would have cut off her hand. He (the Holy Prophet) then commanded about that woman who had committed theft, and her hand was cut off. 'A'isha (further) said: Hers was a good repentance, and she later on married and used to come to me after that, and I conveyed her needs (and problems) to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) .

'Abdullah bin 'Abbas reported that 'Umar bin Khattab sat on the pulpit of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said: Verily Allah sent Muhammad (ﷺ) with truth and He sent down the Book upon him, and the verse of stoning was included in what was sent down to him. We recited it, retained it in our memory and understood it. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) awarded the punishment of stoning to death (to the married adulterer and adulteress) and, after him, we also awarded the punishment of stoning, I am afraid that with the lapse of time, the people (may forget it) and may say: We do not find the punishment of stoning in the Book of Allah, and thus go astray by abandoning this duty prescribed by Allah. Stoning is a duty laid down in Allah's Book for married men and women who commit adultery when proof is established, or if there is pregnancy, or a confession.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira through other chains of transmitters.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters.

Ibn 'Umar (RA) reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stoned to death the Jews, both male and female, who had committed adultery. The Jews brought them to Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him). The rest of the hadith is the same.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Hurairah (RA) and Zaid bin Khalid al-Juhani, but in this no mention is made of the words of Ibn Shihab that dafir means rope.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira and Zaid b. Khalid al-Jubani, but in this no merition is made of the words of Ibn Shihab that dafir means rope.

Abu Burda Ansari reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: None should be given more than ten lashes, but in case of any Hadd out of the Hudud of Allah.

A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Hurairah (RA) .

Ibn Abbas (RA) reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying: If the people were given according to their claims, they would claim the lives of persons and their properties, but the oath must be taken by the defendant.

Umm Salamah, the wife of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) , reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) heard the clamour of contenders at the door of his apartment. He went to them, and said: I am a human being and the claimants bring to me (the dispute) and perhaps some of them are more eloquent than the others. I judge him to be on the right, and thus decide in his favour. So he whom I, by my judgment, (give the undue share) out of the right of a Muslim, I give him a portion of Fire; he may burden himself with it or abandon it.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Rabi'a bin Abu Abdul Rahman with the same chain of transmitters but with this addition: "There came a person to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) while I was with him, and he asked him about picking up of a stray article, and he said: When none comes to demand it, then spend that."

Asked about picking up of stray things, whereupon he said: Make announcement of that Zaid bin Khalid al-Juhani reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was for one year, but if it is not recognised (by the owner), then recognise its bag and strap, then eat it; and if its owner comes, then give that to him. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Al-Dahhak bin 'Uthman with the same chain of transmitters but with a slight variation of words.

'Abdul Rahman bin 'Uthman al-Taimi reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade taking into custody the stray thing of the pilgrims.

Zaid bin Khalid al-Juhani reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as sayin.: He who found a stray article is himself led astray if he does not advertise it.

Ibn 'Umar (RA) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: There will be a flag for every perfidious person on the Day of Judgment.

Ibn Aun said: I wrote to Nafi' asking him about Nafl (spoils of war) and he wrote to me that Ibn 'Umar was among that expedition. (The rest of the hadith is the same.)

Ibn Shihab reported: It reached me through Ibn 'Umar (RA) that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) gave a share of spoils to the troop. The rest of the hadith is the same.

Abu Qatada reported:We accompanied the Messenger of Allah (my peace be upon him) on an expedition in the year of the Battle of Hunain. When we encountered the enemy, (some of the Muslims turned back (in fear). I saw that a man from the polytheists overpowered one of the Muslims. I turned round and attacked him from behind giving a blow between his neck and shoulder. He turned towards me and grappled with me in such a way that I began to see death staring me in the face. Then death overtook him and left me alone. I joined 'Umar b. al-Khattab who was saying: What has happened to the people (that they are retreating)? I said: It is the Decree of Allah. Then the people returned. (The battle ended in a victory for the Muslims) and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sat down (to distribute the spoils of war). He said: One who has killed an enemy and can bring evidence to prove it will get his belongings. So I stood up and said: Who will give evidence for me? Then I sat down. Then he (the Holy Prophet) said like this. I stood up (again) and said: Who will bear witness for me? He (the Holy Prophet) made the same observation the third time, and I stood up (once again). Now the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: What has happened to you, O Abu Qatada? Then I related the (whole) story, to him. At this, one of the people said: He has told the truth. Messenger of Allah 1 The belongings of the enemy killed by him are with me. Persuade him to forgo his right (in my favour). (Objecting to this proposal) Abu Bakr said: BY Allah, this will not happen. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) will not like to deprive one of the lions from among the lions of Allah who fight in the cause of Allah and His Messenger and give thee his share of the booty. So the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) said: He (Abu Bakr) has told the truth, and so give the belongings to him (Abu Qatada). So he gave them to me. I sold the armour (which was a part of my share of the booty) and bought with the sale proceeds a garden in the street of Banu Salama. This was the first property I acquired after embracing Islam. In a version of the hadith narrated by Laith, the words uttered by Abu Bakr are:" No, never! He will not give it to a fox from the Quraish leaving aside a lion from the lions of Allah among...." And the hadith is closed with the words:" The first property I acquired."

Auf bin Malik (RA) has narrated that a man from the Himyar tribe killed an enemy and wanted to take the booty. Khalid bin Walid, who was the commander over them, forbade, him. 'Auf b Malik (the narrator) came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and informed him (to this effect). The latter asked Khalid: What prevented you from giving the booty to him? Khalid said: I thought it was too much. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Hand it over to him. Now when Khalid by Auf, the latter pulled him by his cloak and said (by way of chafing him): Hasn't the same thing happened what I reported to you from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him)? When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) heard it, he was angry (and said): Khalid, don't give him, Khalid, don't give him. Are you going to desert the commanders appointed by me? Your similitude and theirs is like a person who took camels and sheep for grazing. He grazed them and when it was time for them to have a drink, he brought them to a pool. So they drank from it, drinking away its clear water and leaving the turbid water below. So the clear water (i. e. the best reward) is for you and the turbid water (i e. blame) is for them.

A similar hadith has been transmitted by a different chain of narrators, but the hadith narrated by Ibn Juraij is more detailed and complete.

It has been narrated on the authority of Anas bin Malik (RA) who said: When the Muhajirs migrated from Makkah to Madinah; they came (in a state that) they had not anything (i. e. money) in their hands, while the Ansar possessed lands and date palms. They divided their properties with the Muhajirs. The Ansar divided and gave them on the condition that they would give half the fruit from the orchards every year, and the Muhajirs would recompense them by working with them and putting in labour. The mother of Anas bin Malik (RA) was called Umm Sulaim and she was also the mother of 'Abdullah bin Talha who was a brother of Anas from his mother's side. The mother of Anas had given the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) her date-palms. He bestowed them upon Umm Aiman, the slave-girl who had been freed by him and was the mother of Usama bin Zaid. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had finished the war with the people of Khaibar and returned to Madinah, the Muhajirs returned to the Ansar all the gifts which they had given them out of the fruits. (Anas bin Malik (RA) said:) The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) returned to my mother her date-palms and gave to Umm Aiman instead of them date-palms from his orchard. Ibn Shihab says that Umm Aiman was the mother of Usama bin Zaid who was the slave-girl of 'Abdullah bin 'Abd-ul-Muttalib and hailed from Abyssinia. When Amina gave birth to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) after the death of his father, Umm Aiman used to nurse him until he grew up. He (later on) freed her and married her to Zaid bin Haritha. She died five months after the death of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) .

It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abbas who said: I was in the company of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the Day of Hunain. I and Abd Sufyan bin Harith bin 'Abdul Muttalib stuck to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and we did not separate from him. And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was riding on his white mule which had been presented to him by Farwa bin Nufitha al-Judhami. When the Muslims had an encounter with the disbelievers, the Muslims fled, falling back, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) began to spur his mule towards the disbelievers. I was holding the bridle of the mule of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) checking it from going very fast, and Abu Sufyan (RA) was holding the stirrup of the (mule of the) Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) , who said: Abbas, call out to the people of al-ahadeeth. Abbas (who was a man with a loud voice) called out at the top of the voice: Where are the people of ahadeeth? (Abbas said:) And by God, when they heard my voice, they came back (to us) as cows come back to their calves, and said: We are present, we are present! 'Abbas said: They began to fight the infidels. Then there was a call to The Ansar. Those (who called out to them) shouted: O ye party of the Ansar! O party of the Ansar! Banu al-Harith bin al-Khazraj were the last to be called. Those (who called out to them) shouted: O Banu Al-Harith bin al-Khazraj! O Banu Harith bin al-Khazraj! And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who was riding on his mule looked at their fight with his neck stretched forward and he said: This is the time when the fight is raging hot. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took (some) pebbles and threw them in the face of the infidels. Then he said: By the Lord of Muhammad, the infidels are defeated. 'Abbas said: I went round and saw that the battle was in the same condition in which I had seen it. By Allah, it remained in the same condition until he threw the pebbles. I continued to watch until I found that their force had been spent out and they began to retreat.

The same tradition has been narrated on the authority of Sahl bin Sa'd through a different chain of transmitters with a slight difference in the wording.

It has been narrated on the authority of 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ) , who said to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him): Messenger of Allah, has there come upon you a day more terrible than the day of Uhud. He said: I have experienced from thy people and the hardest treatment I met from them was what I received from them on the day of 'Aqabah. I betook myself to Ibn Abd Yalil bin Abd Kulal with the purpose of inviting him to Islam, but he did not respond to me as I desired. So I departed with signs of (deep) distress on my face. I did not recover until I reached Qarn al-Tha'alib. Where I raised my head, lo! near me was a cloud which had cast its shadow on me. I looked and lo! there was in it the angel Jibril who called out to me and said.: God the Honoured and Glorious, has heard what thy people have said to thee, and how they have reacted to thy call. And He has sent to thee the angel in charge of the mountains so that thou mayest order him what thou wishest (him to do) with, regard to them. The angel in charge of the mountains (then) called out to me, greeted me and said: Muhammad, God has listened to what thy people have said to thee. I am the angel in charge of the mountains, and thy Lord has sent me to thee so that thou mayest order me what thou wishest. If thou wishest that I should bring together the two mountains that stand opposite to each other at the extremities of Makkah to crush them in between, (I would do that). But the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him) said to him: I rather hope that God will produce from their descendants such persons as will worship Allah, the One, and will not ascribe partners to Him.

It has been reported on the authority of Salama bin Akwa' who said: On the day of the Battle of Khaibar my brother fought a fierce fight by the side of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) . His sword rebounded and killed him. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) talked about his death and doubted (whether it was martyrdom). (They said): (He is) a man killed by his own weapon, and expressed doubt about his affair. Salama said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) returned from Khaibar, I said: Messenger of Allah, permit me that I may recite to you some rajaz verses. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) permitted him. 'Umar bin Khattab said: I know what you will recite. I recited: By God, if God had guided us not, We would have neither been guided aright nor practised charity, Nor offered prayers. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: What you have said is true, 'I (continued): And descend on us peace and tranquillity And keep us steadfast if we encounter (with our enemies) And the polytheists have rebelled against us. When I finished my rajaz, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Who composed these verses? I said: They were composed by my brother. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: May God show mercy to him! I said: By God, some people are reluctant to invoke God's mercy on him (because) they say he is a man who died by his own sword. (Hearing this) the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: He died as God's devotee and warrior. Ibn Shihab has said: I asked one of the sons of Salama bin Akwa' about (the death of 'Amir). He related to me a similar tradition except that he said: When I said some people were reluctant invoke God's blessings on him, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: They lied. ('Amir) died as God's devotee and warrior (in the cause of Allah). For him there is a double reward, and he pointed out this by putting his two fingers together.

It has been narrated on the authority of A'isha, wife of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) , who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set out for Badr. When he reached Harrat-ul-Wabara (a place four miles from Madinah) a man met him who was known for his valour and courage. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) were pleased to see him. He said: I have come so that I may follow you and get a share from the booty. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: Do you believe in Allah and His Apostle? He said: No. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Go back, I will not seek help from a Mushrik (polytheist). He went on until we reached Shajara, where the man met him again. He asked him the same question again and the man gave him the same answer. He said: Go back. I will not seek help from a Mushrik. The man returned and overtook him at Baida'? He asked him as he had asked previously: Do you believe in Allah and His Apostle? The man said: Yes. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: Then come along with us.

It has been reported on the authority of Abdul Rahman bin Shumasa who said: I came to A'isha to inquire something from her. She said: From which people art thou? I said: I am from the people of Egypt. She said: What was the behaviour of your governor towards you in this war of yours? I said: We did not experience anything bad from him. If the camel of a man from us died, he would bestow on him a camel. If any one of us lost his slave, he would give him a slave. If anybody was in need of the basic necessities of life, he would provide them with provisions. She said: Behold! the treatment that was meted out to my brother, Muhammad bin Abu Bakr, does not prevent me from telling you what I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) . He said in this house of mine: O God, who (happens to) acquire some kind of control over the affairs of my people and is hard upon them-be Thou hard upon him, and who (happens to) acquire some kind of control over the affairs of my people and is kind to them-be Thou kind to him.