Ibn Abbas said: When the Prophet ﷺ on the day of Ashurah and commanded us to fast on it, they (i. e. Companions) said: Messenger of Allah, this is a day which is considered great by Jews and Christians ? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When the next year comes, we shall fast on the 9th of Muharram. But the next year the Messenger of Allah ﷺ breathed his last.

Narrated Hafsah, Ummul Muminin: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: He who does not determine to fast before dawn does not fast.

Narrated Aishah, Ummul Muminin: Some food was presented to me and Hafsah. We were fasting, but broke our fast. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon us. We said to him: A gift was presented to us; we coveted it and we broke our fast. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: There is no harm to you; keep a fast another day in lieu of it.

Ibn Umar said: The Prophet ﷺ used to observe Itikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan. Nafi said: Abdullah (bin Umar) showed me the place in the mosque where Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to observe Itikaf.

Narrated Muadh ibn Jabal: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: (The reward of) prayer, fasting and remembrance of Allah is enhanced seven hundred times over (the reward of) spending in Allah's path.

Narrated Fadalah ibn Ubayd: The Prophet ﷺ said: Everyone who dies will have fully complete his action, except one who is on the frontier (in Allah's path), for his deeds will be made to go on increasing till the Day of Resurrection, and he will be safe from the trial in the grave.

Abu Saeed Al Khudri said “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an expedition towards Banu Lihyan and said “One of the two persons should go forth. He then said to those who sat (at home), If any one of you looks after the family and property of a warrior, he will receive half the reward of the one who goes forth (in jihad). ”

Narrated Abu Ayyub: Abu Imran said: We went out on an expedition from Madina with the intention of (attacking) Constantinople. Abdur Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid was the leader of the company. The Romans were just keeping their backs to the walls of the city. A man (suddenly) attacked the enemy. Thereupon the people said: Stop! Stop! There is no god but Allah. He is putting himself into danger. Abu Ayyub said: This verse was revealed about us, the group of the Ansar (the Helpers). When Allah helped His Prophet ﷺ and gave Islam dominance, we said (i. e. thought): Come on! Let us stay in our property and improve it. Thereupon Allah, the Exalted, revealed, "And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah, and make not your hands contribute to (your destruction)". To put oneself into danger means that we stay in our property and commit ourselves to its improvement, and abandon fighting (i. e. jihad). Abu Imran said: Abu Ayyub continued to strive in the cause of Allah until he (died and) was buried in Constantinople.

Uqabah bin Amir Al Juhani said “I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recite when he was on the pulpit “Against them make ready your strength to the utmost of your power. Beware, strength is shooting, beware strength is shooting, beware strength is shooting. ”

Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As: The Prophet ﷺ said: The warrior gets his reward, and the one who equips him gets his own reward and that of the warrior.

Narrated Yala ibn Munyah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ announced an expedition, and I was a very old man and I had no servant. I, therefore, sought a hireling who would serve instead of me, and I would give him his portion. So I found a man. When the time of departure arrived, he came to me and said: I do not know what would be the portions, and how much would be my portion. So offer something (as wages) to me, whether there would be any portion or not. I offered three dinars (as his wages) for him. When some booty arrived, I wanted to offer him his portion. But I remembered the dinars, so I went to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned the matter to him. He said: All I can find for him regarding this expedition of his in this world and the next is three dinars which were offered him.

Narrated Abu Saeed al-Khudri: A man emigrated to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the Yemen. He asked (him): Have you anyone (of your relatives) in the Yemen? He replied: My parents. He asked: Did they permit you? He replied: No. He said: Go back to them and ask for their permission. If they permit you, then fight (in the path of Allah), otherwise be devoted to them.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet ﷺ said: Striving in the path of Allah (jihad) is incumbent on you along with every ruler, whether he is pious or impious; the prayer is obligatory on you behind every believer, pious or impious, even if he commits grave sins; the (funeral) prayer is incumbent upon every Muslim, pious and impious, even if he commits major sins.

Salamah bin Al Akwa said “On the day of the battle of the Khaibar, my brother fought desperately. But his sword fell back on him and killed him. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ talked about him and doubted it (his martyrdom) saying “A man who died with his own weapon”. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said “he died as a warrior striving in the path of Allaah. Ibn Shihab said “I asked the son of Salamah bin Al Akwa. ” He narrated to me on the authority of his father similar to that except that he said “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said “They told a lie, he died as a warrior striving in the path of Allaah. There is a double reward for him. ””

Anas bin Malik reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying “ I am commanded to fight with the polytheists. The rest of the tradition is to the same effect as mentioned above. ”

Narrated Ibn Ti'li: We fought along with Abdur Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid. Four infidels from the enemy were brought to him. He commanded about them and they were killed in confinement. Abu Dawud said: The narrators other than Saeed reported from Ibn Wahb in this tradition: " (killed him) with arrows in confinement. " When Abu Ayyub al-Ansari was informed about it, he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibiting to kill in confinement. By Him in Whose hands my soul is, if there were a hen, I would not kill it in confinement. Abdur-Rahman bin Khalid bin al-Walid was informed about it (the Prophet's prohibition). He set four slaves free.

Narrated One of the Companion: Al-Qasim, the client of Abdur Rahman, quoted one of the Companion of the Prophet ﷺ as saying: We would eat a camel on an expedition without dividing it, and when we returned to our dwellings our saddle-bags would be full with its flesh.

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out on the day of Badr along with three hundred and fifteen (men). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: O Allah, they are on foot, provide mount for them; O Allah, they are naked, clothe them; O Allah, they are hungry, provide food for them. Allah then bestowed victory on them. They returned when they were clothed. There was no man of them but he returned with one or two camels; they were clothed and ate to their fill.

Narrated Abu Rafi: The Quraysh sent me to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and when I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Islam was cast into my heart, so I said: Messenger of Allah, I swear by Allah, I shall never return to them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied: I do not break a covenant or imprison messengers, but return, and if you feel the same as you do just now, come back. So I went away, and then came to the Prophet ﷺ and accepted Islam. The narrator Bukair said: He informed me that Abu Rafi was a Copt. Abu Dawud said: This was valid in those days, but today it is not valid.

Ibn Abbas said “Umm Hani daughter of Abu Talib told me that in the year of the conquest she gave protection to a man from the polytheists. She came to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned it to him. He said “We have given security to those to whom you have given it. ”

Kaab bin Malik said “When the Prophet ﷺ arrived from a journey, he first went to a mosque where he prayed two rak’ahs after which he sat in it and gave audience to the people. The narrator Ibn Al Sarh then narrated the rest of the tradition. He said “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the Muslims to speak to any three of us. When considerable time had passed on me, I ascended the wall of Abu Qatadah who was my cousin. I saluted him, but, I swear by Allaah he did not return my salutation. I then offered the dawn prayer on the fiftieth day on the roof of one of our houses. I then hear d a crier say “Kaab bin Mailk, have good news”. When the man whose voice I heard came to me giving me good news, I took off my garments and clothed him. I went on till I entered the mosque. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting there. Talhah bin Ubaid Allaah stood up and hastened to me till he shook hands with me and greeted me.

Narrated Aishah: The Prophet ﷺ ordered a horned ram with black legs, black belly and black round the eyes, and it was brought from him to sacrifice. He said: Aishah, get the knife then he said: Sharpen it with a stone. So I did. He took it, then take the ram he placed it on the ground and slaughtered it. He then said: In the name of Allah. O Allah, accept it for Muhammad, Muhammad's family and Muhammad's people. Then he sacrificed it.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Refrain from seven (characteristics) which cause destruction. He was asked: What are they, Messenger of Allah ? He replied: To assign partner to Allah, magic, to kill a soul (man) which is prohibited by Allah except for which is due, to take usury, to consume the property of an orphan, to retreat on the day of the battle, and to slander chaste women, indiscreet but believing. Abu Dawud said: The name Abu al-Ghaith is Salim client of Ibn Muti'.

Narrated Yahya bin Saeed: Abd al-Hamid bin Abd 'Allah bin Abdullah bin Umar bin al-Khattab copied to me a document about the religious endowment (waqf) made by Umar bin al-Khattab: In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. This is what Allah's servant Umar has written about Thamgh. He narrated the tradition like the one transmitted by Nafi. He added: "provided he is not storing up goods (for himself)". The surplus fruit will be devoted to the beggar and the deprived. He then went on with the tradition, saying: If the man in charge of Thamgh wishes to buy a slave for his work for its fruits (by selling them), he may do so. Mu'iqib penned it and Abdullah bin al-Arqam witnessed it: In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. This is what Allah's servant Umar, Commander of Faithful, directed, in case of some incident happens to him (i. e. he dies), that Thamg, Sirmah bin al-Akwa, the servant who is there, the hundred shares in (the land of) Khaibr, the servant who is there and the hundred sahres which Muhammad ﷺ had donated to me in the valley (nearly) will remain in the custody of Hafsah during her life, then the men of opinion from her family will be in charge of these (endowments), that these will neither be sold not purchased, spending (its produce) where they think (necessary on the beggar, deprived and relatives). There is no harm to the one in charge (of this endowment) if he eats himself, or feeds, or buys slaves with it.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: When a man dies, his action discontinues from him except three things, namely, perpetual sadaqah (charity), or the knowledge by which benefit is acquired, or a pious child who prays for him.

Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As: The Prophet ﷺ said: Knowledge has three categories; anything else is extra; a precise verse, or an established sunnah (practice), or a firm obligatory duty.

Narrated Jabir bin Abdullah: The wife of Saad bin al-Rabi said: Messenger of Allah, Saad died and left two daughters. He then narrated the rest of the tradition in a similar way. Abu Dawud said: This is the most correct tradition.

Narrated Aishah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never touched the hand of woman, but he received the oath of allegiance from her. When he received the oath of allegiance from her, she gave it to him, and he said: Go, I have received your oath of allegiance.

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Malik ibn Aws al-Hadthan said: One of the arguments put forward by Umar was that he said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ received three things exclusively to himself: Banu an-Nadir, Khaybar and Fadak. The Banu an-Nadir property was kept wholly for his emergent needs, Fadak for travellers, and Khaybar was divided by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ into three sections: two for Muslims, and one as a contribution for his family. If anything remained after making the contribution of his family, he divided it among the poor Emigrants.

Umm Al Hakam or Dubaah daughters of Al Zibair bin Abd Al Muttalib said “Some captives of war were brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I and my sister Fatimah, daughter of Messenger of Allah ﷺ went (to the Prophet) and complained to him about our existing condition. We asked him to order (to give) us some captives. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said “the orphans of the people who were killed in the battle of Badr came before you (and they asked for the captives). But I tell you something better than that. You should utter “Allaah is Most Great” after each prayer thirty three times, “Glory be to Allaah” thirty three times, “Praise be to Allaah” thirty three times and “there is no god but Allaah alone, He has no associate, the Kingdom belongs to Him and praise is due to Him and He has power over all things. ” The narrator Ayyash said “They were daughters of Uncle of the Prophet ﷺ. ”

Abdullah bin Umar reported that Umar said “When Khaibar was conquered, the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to confirm that they would do all the cultivation and have half the produce. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said “I shall confirm you on that condition as long as we wish. So they were confirmed on that (condition). The dates from half the produce of Khaibar were divided into a number of portions. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would take the fifth. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to contribute from the fifth one hundred wasqs of dates and twenty wasqs of wheat to each of his wives. When Umar intended to expel the Jews from Khaibar he sent a message to the wives of the Prophet ﷺ and said to them “If any of you wishes that I divide the palm trees for her by their assessment that amounts one hundred wasqs (of dates) and to her belongs their root, their land and their water and (likewise) twenty wasqs from the produce of the cultivated land by assessment, I shall (do that). And if any of you wishes that we take out her portion from the fifth, we shall do (that).

Saeed bin Al Musayyab said “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered a portion of Khaibar by force. ” Abu Dawud said “This tradition was read out to Al Harith bin Miskin while I was a witness”. Ibn Wahb said “Malik told me on the authority of Ibn Shihab, Khaibar was captured by force in part and by peace in part. Most of Al Kutaibah was captured by force and a portion by peace. ” I asked Malik “What is Al Kutaibah?” He replied “The land of Khaibar. It had forty thousand palm trees. ”

Ibn Shihab said “It has reached me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Khaibar by force. Its inhabitants who came down (from their fortress) for expulsion came down after fighting. ”

Narrated Ibn Shihab: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took out his fifth from the booty of Khaybar, and divided the rest of it among those who attended the battle and among those who were away from it but attend the expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah.

Malik said “Umar expelled the Jews of Najran and Fadak. ”

Urwa bin Al Zubair said “Hisham bin Halim bin Hizam found a man who was the governor of Hims making some Copts stand in the sun for the payment of jizyah. He said “What is this?” I heard the Messenger ﷺ as saying “Allaah Most High will punish those who punish the people in this world. ”

Narrated A number of Companions of the Prophet: Safwan reported from a number of Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the authority of their fathers who were relatives of each other. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Beware, if anyone wrongs a contracting man, or diminishes his right, or forces him to work beyond his capacity, or takes from him anything without his consent, I shall plead for him on the Day of Judgment.

Narrated Saburah ibn Mabad al-Juhani: The Prophet ﷺ alighted at a place where a mosque has been built under a large tree. He tarried there for three days, and then proceeded to Tabuk. Juhaynah met him on a wide plain. He asked them: who are the people of Dhul-Marwah? They replied: Banu Rifaah of Juhaynah. He said: I have given this (land) to Banu Rifaah as a fief. Therefore, they divided it. Some of them sold (their share) and others retained and worked on it. (Sub-narrator Ibn Wahab said: I then asked Abdul Aziz about this tradition. He narrated a part of it to me and did not narrate it in full.

Hisham said “The unjust vein means that a man implants a tree in the land of another man so that they may be entitled to it. Malik said “The unjust vein means that a man takes (a thing) digs a pit and implants a tree without (his) right.

Al Sab bin Jaththamah reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying “There is no (permission for) protected land except for Allaah and His Prophet. Ibn Shihab said “It has reached me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ protected Naqi’. ”