This excerpt is taken from Sheikh Farooq Rafi Sahib's book Qurbani, Aqiqa, and Ashra Zil-Hijjah.
Beginning and End of Takbeerat in Ashra Zil-Hijjah:
There are different opinions and schools of thought among scholars regarding the beginning and end of the Takbeerat in the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah:
① The position of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Abu Yusuf, and Imam Muhammad is that the Takbeerat start from the Fajr of Arafah (9th Dhu al-Hijjah) and continue after every prayer until the end of the days of Tashreeq (13th Dhu al-Hijjah).
② The view of Sayyiduna Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), Zaid ibn Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), Imam Malik, and one opinion of Imam Shafi'i is that the time for Takbeerat is from the Dhuhr of 10th Dhu al-Hijjah until the Fajr of 13th Dhu al-Hijjah.
③ Another opinion of Imam Shafi'i is that the time for Takbeerat is from the Maghrib prayer of 10th Dhu al-Hijjah until the Fajr of 13th Dhu al-Hijjah.
④ Imam Abu Hanifa says: The time for Takbeerat is from the Fajr of Arafah, 9th Dhu al-Hijjah, until the Asr of 10th Dhu al-Hijjah.
Reference: Nail al-Awtar: 333/3.
⑤ The opinion of Dawood Zahiri, Zahiri, and Saeed ibn Jubair is that the time for Takbeerat is from the Dhuhr of 10th Dhu al-Hijjah until the Asr of 13th Dhu al-Hijjah.
Preferred Position:
Hafiz Ibn Hajar, may Allah have mercy on him, states that there is no authentic hadith from the Prophet ﷺ regarding the specific timing of the Takbeerat on the days of Eid al-Adha. According to the authentic statements transmitted from the companions, may Allah be pleased with them, especially from Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, and Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, the most correct position is that the time for Takbeerat is from the morning of Arafah (9th Dhu al-Hijjah) until the Asr prayer of the last day of Mina (13th Dhu al-Hijjah).
Reference: Fath al-Bari: 595/2.
The evidences supporting the correctness of this position are as follows:
① Umar bin Saeed, may Allah have mercy on him, reports that Sayyiduna Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him:
كان يكبر من صلاة الفجر يوم عرفة إلى صلاة العصر من آخر أيام التشريق
“On the day of Arafah, they would say Takbeerat from Fajr prayer until the Asr prayer of the last day of Tashreeq (13th Dhu al-Hijjah).”
Reference: Authentic: Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah.
② Hakam bin Faroukh, may Allah have mercy on him, states:
أن ابن عباس كان يكبر من غداة عرفة إلى صلاة العصر من آخر أيام التشريق
“Indeed, Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, used to say Takbeerat from the morning of Arafah (9th Dhu al-Hijjah) until the Asr prayer of the last day of Tashreeq (13th Dhu al-Hijjah).”
Reference: Authentic: Mustadrak Hakim: 289/1. Sunan Bayhaqi: 314/3.
Fatwa of Imam Awza'i (may Allah have mercy on him):
Waleed bin Muzeed (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that when Imam Awza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about saying Takbeerat until the day of Arafah, he said:
يكبر من غداة عرفة إلى آخر أيام التشريق كما كبر على وعبد الله
"From the morning of the day of Arafah until the last day of the days of Tashreeq (Asr prayer), Takbeerat should be said just as Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and Abdullah bin Mas'ood (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say Takbeerat on these days."
Reference: Hasan: Mustadrak Hakim: 300/1, Abbas bin Waleed bin Muzeed is a truthful narrator.
Identification of Weak Narrations:
All the mursal narrations regarding Takbeerat from the morning of the Day of Arafah until Asr of the 13th of Dhu al-Hijjah are weak and unreliable.
① Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah رضي الله عنه narrates:
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا صلى الصبح من غداة عرفة يقبل على أصحابه فيقول: على مكانكم ويقول: الله أكبر، الله أكبر، لا إله إلا الله والله أكبر ولله الحمد، فيكبر من غداة عرفة إلى صلاة العصر من آخر أيام التشريق
"When the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم performed the Fajr prayer on the morning of the Day of Arafah, he would turn towards the Companions رضي الله عنهم and say, 'Remain in your places and say these words: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illallah, wallahu Akbar, walillahil hamd.' Then the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم would continue saying the Takbeerat from the morning of Arafah until the Asr prayer of the last day of the Days of Tashreeq."
Reference: Very weak: Dar Qutni: 1719, Arwa al-Ghaleel: 124/3. In the chain of this hadith, Amr bin Shammar is a abandoned narrator and Jabir al-Jaafi is a weak narrator.
② It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah رضي الله عنه, who states:
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يكبر فى صلاة الفجر يوم عرفة إلى صلاة العصر من آخر أيام التشريق حين يسلم من المكتوبات
"The Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم used to say Takbeerat from the Fajr prayer on the Day of Arafah until the Asr prayer of the last day of the Days of Tashreeq, after the salaam of the obligatory prayers."
Reference: Very weak: Dar Qutni: 1718/2:49.
In this, Amr bin Shammar is abandoned and Jabir al-Jaafi is a weak and lying narrator. There are several other weak narrations on this matter, but to avoid lengthiness, they have not been mentioned.
