This excerpt is taken from Sheikh Muhammad Iqbal Kilani's book "Al-Wala Wal Bara" .
اقتضــــاء البـــراء عـــن الکــفـــار
The requirement of disassociation from disbelievers is that their words should not be accepted, and their interests and desires should not be protected.
① [وَ لَا تُطِعِ الۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ وَ الۡمُنٰفِقِیۡنَ وَ دَعۡ اَذٰىہُمۡ وَ تَوَکَّلۡ عَلَی اللّٰہِ ؕ وَ کَفٰی بِاللّٰہِ وَکِیۡلًا]
O Prophet, do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and do not be concerned about their harm. Rely upon Allah; indeed, Allah is sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.
Reference: (Surah Al-Ahzab:48)
② [فَلَا تُطِعِ الۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ وَ جَاہِدۡہُمۡ بِہٖ جِہَادًا کَبِیۡرًا]
O Children of the Prophet, never obey the disbelievers, and strive against them with the Quran a great striving.
Reference: (Surah Al-Furqan:52)
③ [یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّبِیُّ اتَّقِ اللّٰہَ وَ لَا تُطِعِ الۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ وَ الۡمُنٰفِقِیۡنَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ کَانَ عَلِیۡمًا حَکِیۡمًا]،[وَّ اتَّبِعۡ مَا یُوۡحٰۤی اِلَیۡکَ مِنۡ رَّبِّکَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ کَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ خَبِیۡرًا]،[وَّ تَوَکَّلۡ عَلَی اللّٰہِ ؕ وَ کَفٰی بِاللّٰہِ وَکِیۡلًا]
O Prophet, fear Allah and do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Wise. And follow what has been revealed to you from your Lord. Indeed, Allah is fully aware of what you do. Rely upon Allah; indeed, Allah is sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.
Reference: (Surah Al-Ahzab:1-3)
④ [وَ لَا تُطِعۡ مَنۡ اَغۡفَلۡنَا قَلۡبَہٗ عَنۡ ذِکۡرِنَا وَ اتَّبَعَ ہَوٰىہُ وَ کَانَ اَمۡرُہٗ فُرُطًا]
Do not obey the one whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance and who follows his desire, and whose affair is ever [in] neglect.
Reference: (Surah Al-Kahf:28)
The demand of disassociation from disbelievers is also that the believers stand firm against them and do not weaken.
[وَ لَا تُطِعۡ مَنۡ اَغۡفَلۡنَا قَلۡبَہٗ عَنۡ ذِکۡرِنَا وَ اتَّبَعَ ہَوٰىہُ وَ کَانَ اَمۡرُہٗ فُرُطًا]
So, O Prophet! Be patient, indeed the promise of Allah is true, and let not those who do not believe in you be a cause of weakness.
Reference: (Surah Ar-Rum:60)
Disbelievers should be confronted with full strength on every front and no leniency should be shown towards them.
[یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّبِیُّ جَاہِدِ الۡکُفَّارَ وَ الۡمُنٰفِقِیۡنَ وَ اغۡلُظۡ عَلَیۡہِمۡ ؕ وَ مَاۡوٰىہُمۡ جَہَنَّمُ ؕ وَ بِئۡسَ الۡمَصِیۡرُ]
O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh upon them. Their refuge is Hell, and wretched is the destination.
Reference: (Surah At-Tahrim:9)
Disbelievers should not be entrusted with the secrets of oneself or other Muslims, nor should they be consulted in important state matters.
[یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تَتَّخِذُوۡا بِطَانَۃً مِّنۡ دُوۡنِکُمۡ لَا یَاۡلُوۡنَکُمۡ خَبَالًا ؕ]
O you who have believed! Do not take as intimates those other than your (faithful) companions, for they will not fail to corrupt you.
Reference: (Surah Aal Imran:118)
A disbeliever or polytheist should not be appointed to any position or office where they can become aware of the internal affairs and secrets of Muslims.
[عن عائشة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، أنها قالت: خرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل بدر، فلما كان بحرة الوبرة أدركه رجل قد كان يذكر منه جرأة ونجدة، ففرح أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين رأوه، فلما أدركه، قال لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: جئت لأتبعك وأصيب معك، قال له: رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: تؤمن بالله ورسوله؟، قال: لا، قال: فارجع فلن أستعين بمشرك، قالت: ثم مضى حتى إذا كنا بالشجرة أدركه الرجل، فقال له: كما قال أول مرة، فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: كما قال أول مرة، قال: فارجع فلن أستعين بمشرك، قال: ثم رجع فأدركه بالبيداء، فقال له: كما قال أول مرة تؤمن بالله ورسوله؟، قال: نعم، فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : فانطلق]
Sayyida Aisha رضي الله عنها, the respected wife of the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم, says that when the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم set out towards Badr, he reached a place called Harat al-Wabra (a location four miles from Madinah Munawwarah). There he met a man who was well known for his bravery and courage. The Companions رضي الله عنهم were pleased to see him. The man met the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and said: I have come to join you in the battle and to share in whatever spoils of war are gained. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم asked him: Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger? He replied: No! The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said: Go away, I do not seek help from a polytheist. Sayyida Aisha رضي الله عنها says: Then the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم proceeded. When he reached the place called Shajrah, the same man appeared again and repeated his first statement. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم gave him the same reply: Go away, I do not seek help from a polytheist. The man turned back but appeared a third time at the place called Bada’ (and repeated the same request). The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم again asked: Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger? This time he said: Yes! The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said: Very well, then come.
Reference: Sahih Muslim: 1817
Keep the disbelievers fearful through war equipment, combat, and weapon manufacturing.
[وَ اَعِدُّوۡا لَہُمۡ مَّا اسۡتَطَعۡتُمۡ مِّنۡ قُوَّۃٍ وَّ مِنۡ رِّبَاطِ الۡخَیۡلِ تُرۡہِبُوۡنَ بِہٖ عَدُوَّ اللّٰہِ وَ عَدُوَّکُمۡ وَ اٰخَرِیۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِہِمۡ ۚ لَا تَعۡلَمُوۡنَہُمۡ ۚ اَللّٰہُ یَعۡلَمُہُمۡ ؕ وَ مَا تُنۡفِقُوۡا مِنۡ شَیۡءٍ فِیۡ سَبِیۡلِ اللّٰہِ یُوَفَّ اِلَیۡکُمۡ وَ اَنۡتُمۡ لَا تُظۡلَمُوۡنَ]
Prepare as many strong and well-equipped horses as you can to face them so that through this you may keep Allah's and your enemies fearful, and also those enemies whom Allah knows but you do not know. Whatever you spend in the way of Allah will be fully rewarded to you, and your rights will not be wronged.
Reference: (Surah Al-Anfal:60)
Do not show any weakness in front of the disbelievers.
[عن ابن عباس، قال: قدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه مكة، وقد وهنتهم حمى يثرب، قال المشركون: إنه يقدم عليكم غدا قوم قد وهنتهم الحمى، ولقوا منها شدة، فجلسوا مما يلي الحجر، وأمرهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يرملوا ثلاثة أشواط، ويمشوا ما بين الركنين، ليرى المشركون جلدهم، فقال المشركون: هؤلاء الذين زعمتم أن الحمى قد وهنتهم، هؤلاء أجلد من كذا وكذا]
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas رضي الله عنهما says that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم came to Makkah with his companions for (Umrah al-Qada). He was weakened by the fever of Madinah. The polytheists had spread propaganda that tomorrow some people would come to you who have been greatly weakened by fever and are exhausted due to the severity of the illness. Consequently, the polytheists came and sat near Hatim (in the Haram) to see the Muslims. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ordered the companions رضي الله عنہم to walk briskly with pride during the first three circuits of Tawaf. They walked between the Yemeni Corner and the Black Stone with a normal gait so that the polytheists would see the Muslims as strong and healthy (and so it happened). The polytheists saw the Muslims walking with a brisk pace and said, "You say that they have been weakened by fever, but these people are strong and healthy."
Reference: Sahih Muslim:1266
No matter how great a disbeliever is, he should neither be considered more honorable than an ordinary Muslim nor should the interests of disbelievers be preferred over the interests of Muslims.
[عن عائذ بن عمرو، نه جاء يوم الفتح مع أبي سفيان بن حرب ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حوله أصحابه، فقالوا: هذا أبو سفيان وعائذ بن عمرو، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: هذا عائذ بن عمرو وأبو سفيان، الإسلام أعز من ذلك الإسلام يعلو ولا يعلى]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna 'Aiz ibn Amr رضي الله عنه that on the day of the Conquest of Makkah, he was present with Abu Sufyan ibn Harb. The Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم was among his companions رضی اللہ عنہم. The companions رضی اللہ عنہم said: This is Abu Sufyan (who had not yet embraced Islam but was among the Quraysh leaders) and 'Aiz ibn Amr رضي الله عنه (who was a Muslim but an ordinary person). The Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said: (Do not say it like that) This is 'Aiz ibn Amr رضي الله عنه and Abu Sufyan. Islam is much more honorable (compared to disbelief). Islam is dominant, not dominated.
Reference: Sunan ad-Daraqutni:3620, Al-Sunan al-Kubra by Al-Bayhaqi:12283
Explanation:
① Providing protocol to non-Muslim rulers and ambassadors under international laws is one thing, and having heartfelt friendship or sincerely respecting them is another matter. Islam has prohibited the latter.
② Not giving preference to the interests of disbelievers means that if there are educational institutions for Muslims to acquire knowledge, then the educational institutions of disbelievers should not be preferred. If there are Muslim goods, trade, and products available, then the goods, trade, and products of disbelievers should not be preferred. If there is Muslim manpower available, then the manpower of disbelievers should not be preferred.
Do not reside in a disbelieving country except the Islamic state.
[عن سمرة بن جندب، أما بعد قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: من جامع المشرك، وسكن معه فإنه مثله]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samrah bin Jundub رضي الله عنه that after praising and glorifying Allah, the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said: Whoever sits and lives with a polytheist is like him.
Reference: Sunan Abi Dawood: 2787
[عن سمرة رضي الله عنه، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: لا تساكنوا المشركين، ولا تجامعوهم، فمن ساكنهم أو جامعهم فليس منا]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samrah (bin Jundub) رضي الله عنه that the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said: Do not live with the polytheists nor stay with them. Whoever lives with them or stays with them is not one of us.
Reference: Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihain: 2627
[عن جرير بن عبد الله قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: أنا بريء من كل مسلم يقيم بين أظهر المشركين، قالوا: يا رسول الله لم؟ قال: لا تراءى ناراهما]
Sayyiduna Jarir bin Abdullah رضي الله عنه says the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said: I am free from every Muslim who lives among disbelievers. The Companions رضي الله عنهم asked: Why, O Messenger of Allah? He صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم replied: Because the fire of Muslims and disbelievers cannot burn together.
Reference: Sunan Abi Dawood: 2645
If a new Muslim living among the polytheists has the means to migrate, he should separate himself from the polytheists.
[اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ تَوَفّٰہُمُ الۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃُ ظَالِمِیۡۤ اَنۡفُسِہِمۡ قَالُوۡا فِیۡمَ کُنۡتُمۡ ؕ قَالُوۡا کُنَّا مُسۡتَضۡعَفِیۡنَ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ ؕ قَالُوۡۤا اَلَمۡ تَکُنۡ اَرۡضُ اللّٰہِ وَاسِعَۃً فَتُہَاجِرُوۡا فِیۡہَا ؕ فَاُولٰٓئِکَ مَاۡوٰىہُمۡ جَہَنَّمُ ؕ وَ سَآءَتۡ مَصِیۡرًا]،[اِلَّا الۡمُسۡتَضۡعَفِیۡنَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَآءِ وَ الۡوِلۡدَانِ لَا یَسۡتَطِیۡعُوۡنَ حِیۡلَۃً وَّ لَا یَہۡتَدُوۡنَ سَبِیۡلًا]،[فَاُولٰٓئِکَ عَسَی اللّٰہُ اَنۡ یَّعۡفُوَ عَنۡہُمۡ ؕ وَ کَانَ اللّٰہُ عَفُوًّا غَفُوۡرًا]
Those who (after believing) live among the disbelievers and wrong themselves, when the angels take their souls, they ask them: "In what state were you?" They reply: "We were weak and oppressed in the land." The angels say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to migrate therein?" These are the ones whose abode is Hell, and what an evil abode it is. But those men, women, and children who were truly helpless and find no way or means to escape from there, it is very possible that Allah will forgive them. Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Reference: (Surah An-Nisa: 97-99)
[عن أبي نخيلة البجلي، قال: قال جرير: أتيت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو يبايع، فقلت: يا رسول الله، ابسط يدك حتى أبايعك واشترط علي فأنت أعلم. قال: أبايعك على أن تعبد الله وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتناصح المسلمين، وتفارق المشركين]
Sayyiduna Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) while he was taking the pledge from the people. I said: O Messenger of Allah! Extend your blessed hand so that I may pledge allegiance to you and you may set whatever conditions you wish, for you are the one who has knowledge of the religion. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: I take your pledge on these matters: ① To worship Allah. ② To establish prayer. ③ To pay zakat. ④ To be kind to the Muslims and... to separate from the polytheists.
Reference: Sunan an-Nasa'i: 4182
[عن بهز بن حكيم، عن أبيه، عن جده، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا يقبل الله من مشرك أشرك بعد ما أسلم عملا حتى يفارق المشركين إلى المسلمين]
Sayyiduna Bahz ibn Hakim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from his father, who narrates from his grandfather, that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: Allah does not accept any deed of a polytheist that he performs after embracing Islam, even if he leaves the polytheists and joins the Muslims.
Reference: Sunan Ibn Majah: 2536
Do not adopt resemblance to disbelievers and polytheists.
[عن ابن عمر، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: من تشبه بقوم فهو منهم]
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) says the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Whoever adopts the resemblance of a people is one of them.
Reference: Sunan Abi Dawood:4031
Explanation:
The things in which resemblance to disbelievers and polytheists is prohibited are:
① Beliefs ② Acts of worship ③ Religious symbols ④ Festivals and… customs, manners, and lifestyle
Do not honor disbelievers and polytheists from the heart.
[وَ لِلّٰہِ الۡعِزَّۃُ وَ لِرَسُوۡلِہٖ وَ لِلۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ وَ لٰکِنَّ الۡمُنٰفِقِیۡنَ لَا یَعۡلَمُوۡنَ]
Honor is only for Allah, His Messenger, and the believers, but the hypocrites do not know.
Reference: (Surah Al-Munafiqun:8)
Explanation:
Not honoring the disbelievers and polytheists includes not honoring their symbols (such as the cross, etc.), their festivals (such as Christmas Day, etc.), their religious places (such as churches, etc.), and their religious leaders (such as the Pope, etc.). It should be noted that not honoring does not mean insulting, abusing, or cursing these things, but rather not giving them the status and rank that Muslims give to their symbols (such as the Holy Quran), their festivals (such as the two Eids), their religious places (such as mosques), and their religious leaders (such as the Imams and great jurists).
Except for the noble Hadiths and sayings of the Companions, do not present the sayings of the leaders and intellectuals of the disbelievers and polytheists as "golden sayings."
[عن جابر بن عبد الله، قال: كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: أما بعد فإن خير الحديث كتاب الله، وخير الهدى هدى محمد، وشر الأمور محدثاتها، وكل بدعة ضلالة]
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: After praise and thanks, (remember) the best speech is the Book of Allah, and the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad (peace be upon him), and the worst matter is that which is newly invented in the religion, and every innovation (newly invented thing) is misguidance.
Reference: Sahih Muslim: 867
Do not pray for forgiveness for disbelievers and polytheists after their death.
[مَا کَانَ لِلنَّبِیِّ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اَنۡ یَّسۡتَغۡفِرُوۡا لِلۡمُشۡرِکِیۡنَ وَ لَوۡ کَانُوۡۤا اُولِیۡ قُرۡبٰی مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ مَا تَبَیَّنَ لَہُمۡ اَنَّہُمۡ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَحِیۡمِ]
It is not permissible for the Prophet or other Muslims to ask for forgiveness for polytheists, even if they are their relatives, when it is already known that the polytheists are destined for Hell.
Reference: (Surah At-Tawbah:113)
Do not greet disbelievers first.
[عن أبي هريرة، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قال: لا تبدءوا اليهود ولا النصارى بالسلام، فإذا لقيتم أحدهم في طريق فاضطروه إلى أضيقه]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Do not greet the Jews and Christians first, and when you meet any of them on the road, force them to take the narrow path.
Reference: Sahih Muslim:2167
Explanation:
Forcing them to take the narrow path means that if Muslims are walking on a certain path, they should walk separately from that path so that the non-Muslim feels their non-Muslim status. However, this ruling applies when the path is crowded.
Do not say 'Wa Alaikum Assalam' to disbelievers.
[عن أنس، أن أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، قالوا للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن أهل الكتاب يسلمون علينا فكيف نرد عليهم؟، قال: قولوا: وعليكم]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the noble companions (may Allah be pleased with them) asked the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him): The People of the Book greet us with Salaam, how should we respond to them? He (peace be upon him) said: Say, "Wa Alaikum."
Reference: Sahih Muslim: 2163
Do not even glance at or envy the material progress, worldly prosperity, and grandeur of the disbelievers.
[وَ لَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَیۡنَیۡکَ اِلٰی مَا مَتَّعۡنَا بِہٖۤ اَزۡوَاجًا مِّنۡہُمۡ زَہۡرَۃَ الۡحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنۡیَا ۬ۙ لِنَفۡتِنَہُمۡ فِیۡہِ ؕ وَ رِزۡقُ رَبِّکَ خَیۡرٌ وَّ اَبۡقٰی]
O Muhammad! We have given some of them worldly grandeur and wealth. Do not even look at them. We have given it to them as a test. Indeed, the provision from your Lord is better and everlasting.
Reference: (Surah Taha: 131)
In matters of religion, do not obey disbelievers and polytheists, even if they are your own parents.
[وَ وَصَّیۡنَا الۡاِنۡسَانَ بِوَالِدَیۡہِ حُسۡنًا ؕ وَ اِنۡ جَاہَدٰکَ لِتُشۡرِکَ بِیۡ مَا لَیۡسَ لَکَ بِہٖ عِلۡمٌ فَلَا تُطِعۡہُمَا ؕ اِلَیَّ مَرۡجِعُکُمۡ فَاُنَبِّئُکُمۡ بِمَا کُنۡتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ]
And We have enjoined upon man goodness to parents. But if they endeavor to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them. To Me is your return, and I will inform you about what you used to do.
Reference: (Surah Al-Ankabut:8)
Do not take economic aid from disbelievers and polytheists even in severe need.
[عن أنس بن مالك، عن أبي طلحة، قال: شكونا إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الجوع ورفعنا عن بطوننا عن حجر حجر فرفع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن حجرين]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik and Sayyiduna Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with them) that (during the Battle of the Trench) we complained of hunger to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and we lifted the cloth from our stomachs to show that due to hunger we had tied stones on our stomachs. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) lifted the cloth from his stomach and there were two stones tied on his stomach due to hunger.
Reference: Sunan At-Tirmidhi:2371
