This excerpt is taken from Sheikh Muhammad Iqbal Kilani's book "Al-Wala Wal Bara" .
مَــنْ ہُــوَ الْکُفَّــــارُ؟
Those who deny Allah Almighty are disbelievers.
Those who deny the messengers are disbelievers.
Those who believe in Allah Almighty but do not believe in the messengers are also disbelievers.
Those who believe in some messengers and do not believe in others are also disbelievers.
[اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ یَکۡفُرُوۡنَ بِاللّٰہِ وَ رُسُلِہٖ وَ یُرِیۡدُوۡنَ اَنۡ یُّفَرِّقُوۡا بَیۡنَ اللّٰہِ وَ رُسُلِہٖ وَ یَقُوۡلُوۡنَ نُؤۡمِنُ بِبَعۡضٍ وَّ نَکۡفُرُ بِبَعۡضٍ ۙ وَّ یُرِیۡدُوۡنَ اَنۡ یَّتَّخِذُوۡا بَیۡنَ ذٰلِکَ سَبِیۡلًا]،[ اُولٰٓئِکَ ہُمُ الۡکٰفِرُوۡنَ حَقًّا ۚ وَ اَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ عَذَابًا مُّہِیۡنًا] Indeed, those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers and wish to make a distinction between Allah and His messengers, saying, "We believe in some and disbelieve in others," and wish to take a way in between—those are the true disbelievers, and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment.
Reference: (Surah An-Nisa:150-151)
The Jews are disbelievers.
[ہُوَ الَّذِیۡۤ اَخۡرَجَ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا مِنۡ اَہۡلِ الۡکِتٰبِ مِنۡ دِیَارِہِمۡ لِاَوَّلِ الۡحَشۡرِ] It is He who expelled the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering.
Reference: (Surah Al-Hashr:2)
Explanation:
In this verse, the People of the Book who are meant by disbelievers are the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir, whom the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) expelled from Medina due to their repeated breaches of trust.
Christians are disbelievers.
[لَقَدۡ کَفَرَ الَّذِیۡنَ قَالُوۡۤا اِنَّ اللّٰہَ ہُوَ الۡمَسِیۡحُ ابۡنُ مَرۡیَمَ ؕ] Certainly, those who said, "The Messiah, son of Mary, is Allah," have disbelieved.
Reference: (Surah Al-Ma'idah:17)
Hypocrites are disbelievers.
[وَ مِنۡہُمۡ مَّنۡ یَّقُوۡلُ ائۡذَنۡ لِّیۡ وَ لَا تَفۡتِنِّیۡ ؕ اَلَا فِی الۡفِتۡنَۃِ سَقَطُوۡا ؕ وَ اِنَّ جَہَنَّمَ لَمُحِیۡطَۃٌۢ بِالۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ] Among them is a hypocrite who says, "Grant me leave (from going to the battlefield) and do not put me in trial." Indeed, they have fallen into trial. Hell will encompass such disbelievers.
Reference: (Surah At-Tawbah:49)
Apostates are disbelievers.
[وَ مَنۡ یَّرۡتَدِدۡ مِنۡکُمۡ عَنۡ دِیۡنِہٖ فَیَمُتۡ وَ ہُوَ کَافِرٌ فَاُولٰٓئِکَ حَبِطَتۡ اَعۡمَالُہُمۡ فِی الدُّنۡیَا وَ الۡاٰخِرَۃِ ۚ وَ اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ النَّارِ ۚ ہُمۡ فِیۡہَا خٰلِدُوۡنَ] And whoever turns away from his religion and dies while he is a disbeliever, his deeds will be lost in this world and the Hereafter. Such people are the inhabitants of Hell, and they will abide therein forever.
Reference: (Surah Al-Baqarah:217)
Iblis is also a disbeliever.
[وَ اِذۡ قُلۡنَا لِلۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃِ اسۡجُدُوۡا لِاٰدَمَ فَسَجَدُوۡۤا اِلَّاۤ اِبۡلِیۡسَ ؕ اَبٰی وَ اسۡتَکۡبَرَ وَ کَانَ مِنَ الۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ] When We commanded the angels to prostrate to Adam, they all prostrated except Iblis; he refused, was arrogant, and became one of the disbelievers.
Reference: (Surah Al-Baqarah:34)
