Shar‘i Inheritance: Distribution Among Sons, Daughters, and Siblings

Shar‘i Inheritance: Shares of Sons, Daughters, and Siblings​

Source: Fatawa Rashidiyyah, Page 627

Question​

Abd passed away, leaving the following heirs:


◈ Two sons: Danno and Misri
◈ Two daughters: Amnat and Singhar


Later events:

• Misri passed away, leaving:
  ◈ One wife
  ◈ Brother Danno
  ◈ Two sisters: Amnat and Singhar
• Then Singhar passed away, leaving:
  ◈ Husband Majnun
  ◈ One sister Amnat
  ◈ One brother Danno
  ◈ One son Noor Muhammad

What is the distribution of inheritance according to the Shari‘ah of Muhammad ﷺ?

Answer​

Alhamdulillah, wa al-salatu wa al-salamu ‘ala Rasulillah, Amma ba‘d!


Before division of the estate:


① Funeral expenses are deducted.
② Any debts must be paid.
③ A valid will is executed (up to one-third of the estate).
④ The remainder is distributed among the heirs according to Shar‘i rules.

Distribution of Abd’s Estate​

Total = 1 rupee

• Son Danno: 5 annas 4 paisa (33.333%)
• Son Misri: 5 annas 4 paisa (33.333%)
• Daughter Amnat: 2 annas 8 paisa (16.667%)
• Daughter Singhar: 2 annas 8 paisa (16.667%)

Distribution of Misri’s Estate​

Total = 4 annas 5 paisa (33.333%)

• Wife: 1 anna 4 paisa (¼ = 8.332%)
• Brother Danno: 2 annas (12.5%)
• Sister Amnat: 1 anna (6.25%)
• Sister Singhar: 1 anna (6.25%)

Distribution of Singhar’s Estate​

Total = 3 annas 8 paisa (≈22.91%)

• Husband Majnun: 11 paisa
• Son Noor Muhammad: 2 annas 9 paisa
• Sister Amnat: 7 paisa
• Brother Danno: 1 anna 2 paisa

Note: One paisa remains; it is divided into 3 parts — 2 parts to the brother and 1 part to the sister.

Modern Decimal Distribution​

Abd’s estate (100%)

• 2 Sons: 66.666% (33.333% each)
• 2 Daughters: 33.334% (16.667% each)

Misri’s estate (33.333%)

• Wife: 8.332%
• Brother Danno: 12.5%
• Sisters Amnat & Singhar: 12.5% (6.25% each)

Singhar’s estate (22.91%)

• Husband Majnun: (as per ratio above)
• Son Noor Muhammad: (as per ratio above)
• Sister Amnat: (as per ratio above)
• Brother Danno: (as per ratio above)

Conclusion​

• From Abd’s estate: sons get double the daughters.
• From Misri’s estate: wife ¼, remainder goes to brother and sisters as عصبات.
• From Singhar’s estate: husband, son, and siblings share according to Shar‘i rules, with the son having the strongest claim.

ھذا ما عندی، واللہ أعلم بالصواب