Seeking the position of a judge, deciding with justice, and forbidding assistance to the oppressor

This excerpt is taken from Sheikh Hussain bin Mubarak Al-Mawsili's Arabic book Al-Awamir wal-Nawahi, whose Urdu translation has been done by Muhammad Sarwar Gohar Sahib under the title Ahkamat o Mamnoaat.

Kitab Al-Aqdiyah​

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Prohibition of Seeking the Position of Qadi​

① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
من ابتغى القضاء وسأل فيها شفعاء وكل إلى نفسه، ومن أكره عليه أنزل الله عليه ملكا يسدده
"Whoever desires the position of a judge and seeks recommendation for it, then he is entrusted to his own self, and whoever is forcibly given this position, then Allah sends down an angel upon him who keeps him upright and straight."

Reference: Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Aqdiyah 3578. Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Ahkam 6324. The words are of Tirmidhi. Musnad Ahmad, Baqi Musnad al-Mukthirin 270/3.

② It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
من طلب قضاء المسلمين حتى يناله ثم غلب عدله جوره فله الجنة ، وإن غلب جوره عدله فله النار
"Whoever wishes to become a judge over the Muslims until he attains this position, and then his justice overcomes his oppression, then for him is Paradise; and if his oppression overcomes his justice, then for him is Hell."

Reference: Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Aqdiyah 3575.

③ It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
من جعل قاضيا بين الناس فقد ذبح بغير سكين
"Whoever is appointed as a judge over the people is slaughtered without a knife."

Reference: Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Aqdiyah 3572. Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Ahkam 1325.

④ It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
من ولي القضاء أو جعل قاضيا بين الناس فقد ذبح بغير سكين
"Whoever is given the position of Qadaa (judiciary) or appointed as a judge over the people, he is slaughtered without a knife."

Reference: Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Aqdiyah. Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Ahkam.

Instructions Regarding Judging with Justice​

① Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه narrates from the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم, who said:
سبعة يظلهم الله فى ظله يوم القيامة لا ظل إلا ظله : إمام عادل ، وشاب نشأ فى عبادة الله ، ورجل قلبه معلق بالمساجد ، ورجلان تحابا فى الله اجتمعا عليه وتفرقا عليه ، ورجل دعته امرأة ذات منصب وجمال فقال: إني أخاف الله ، ورجل تصدق بصدقة فأخفاها حتى لا تعلم شماله ما تنفق يمينه ، ورجل ذكر الله خاليا ففاضت عيناه
"On the Day of Resurrection, Allah will grant shade under His shade to seven types of people when there will be no other shade except His. A just ruler, a youth who grew up in the worship of Allah, a man whose heart is attached to the mosque, two men who love each other for the sake of Allah, meeting and parting on that basis, a man who is invited by a woman of beauty and position to commit sin but he says, 'I fear Allah,' a man who gives charity so secretly that his left hand does not know what his right hand has spent, and a man who remembers Allah in solitude and his eyes overflow with tears."

Reference: Bukhari, Book of Zakat 6806,1423. Muslim, Book of Zakat 1031.

② Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin As رضي الله عنهما reports that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
إن المقسطين عند الله على منابر من نور الذين يعدلون فى حكمهم وأهليهم وما ولوا
"Those who judge with justice will be on pulpits of light near Allah, who judge between their decisions, their family, and their subordinates with justice."

Reference: Muslim, Book of Leadership 1827; Musnad Ahmad, Musnad of the Maksharites among the Companions 2/160.

③ Sayyiduna Iyad bin Himar رضي الله عنه reports that he heard the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم say:
أهل الجنة ثلاثة : ذو سلطان مقسط موفق، ورجل رحيم رقيق القلب لكل ذي قربى ومسلم عفيف متعفف ذو عيال
"The people of Paradise are of three types: a successful and fulfilled king who judges with justice, a kind man who holds a soft corner in his heart for every relative, and a chaste Muslim who avoids asking others for help."

Reference: Muslim, Book of Paradise and its Description and its People 2865; Musnad Ahmad, Musnad of the Shamiyyeen 4/162.

Prohibition of Helping the Oppressor​

① Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) narrates that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say:
من أعان على خصومة بظلم فقد باء بغضب من الله
"Whoever helps in an unjust dispute, he becomes deserving of Allah's displeasure."

Reference: Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Aqdiyah 3598. Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Ahkam 2320.