The Ruling on Ḥadd and Qiṣāṣ in the Ḥaram
Author: Imran Ayub Lahori
Qiṣāṣ or Ḥadd in the Ḥaram
Spilling blood and enforcing ḥadd punishments in the Ḥaram are not permissible until the one seeking refuge leaves the sanctuary.
[Al-Mughnī: 413/12, Bidāyat al-Mujtahid: 405/2, Ḥāshiyat Ibn ‘Ābidīn: 625/3, Al-Umm by Imām al-Shāfi‘ī: 290/4, Nayl al-Awṭār: 482/4]If One Commits a Crime Inside the Ḥaram
According to some scholars, if a person commits an act within the Ḥaram that necessitates ḥadd or qiṣāṣ, he should be taken outside the Ḥaram for the punishment.
However, it is narrated from Ibn ‘Abbās (رضي الله عنهما):
من سرق أو قتل فى الحرم أقيم عليه فى الحرم
“Whoever commits theft or murder in the Ḥaram, the ḥadd will be carried out upon him inside the Ḥaram.”
[‘Abd al-Razzāq: 304/9, 17306; Bayhaqī: 214/9]The Stronger Opinion (Rājiḥ)
The aḥādīth generally prohibit shedding blood or enforcing ḥadd in the Ḥaram, regardless of whether the person seeks refuge there or commits the act within the sanctuary.
The verse:
وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِندَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ [Al-Baqarah: 191]
“And do not fight them near Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām until they fight you therein.”
indicates only the permissibility of defense in the event of combat, not the execution of ḥadd or qiṣāṣ.
[Nayl al-Awṭār: 483/4]