This excerpt is taken from Sheikh Hussain bin Mubarak Al-Mosuli's Arabic book Al-Awamer wal-Nawahi, which has been translated into Urdu by Muhammad Sarwar Gohar Sahib under the title Ahkamat o Mamnoaat.
Prohibition of False Testimony
① Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه narrates that when the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم mentioned major sins, he said:
الإشراك بالله، وعقوق الوالدين، وقتل النفس
"Associating partners with Allah, disobedience to parents, and murder."
And the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
ألا أنبئكم بأكبر الكبائر؟ قال: قول الزور أو قال: شهادة الزور
"Shall I not inform you of the major sins?" And he said: lying and falsehood. Or he said: false testimony."
Reference: Bukhari, Book of Manners 5977, Muslim, Faith 1/92.
② Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه narrates that the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
ألا أنبئكم بأكبر الكبائر؟
"Shall I not inform you of the major sins?"
We said: O Messenger of Allah! Why not? Please inform us.
He صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
الإشراك بالله، وعقوق الوالدين
"Associating partners with Allah, disobedience to parents."
He صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم then sat down leaning and said:
ألا وقول الزور، وشهادة الزور
"Listen! Lying and false testimony."
He صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم repeated this frequently until we said: We wish you would stop.
Reference: Bukhari, Book of Manners 5976, Muslim, Book of Faith 87/143.
③ Sayyiduna Ayman bin Khuzaym رضي الله عنه narrates that when the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم stood to address, he said:
أيها الناس عدلت شهادة الزور إشراكا بالله
"O people! Giving false testimony is considered equal to associating partners with Allah."
Then the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم recited this verse:
﴿ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ﴾
"Avoid the impurity of idols (shirk) and avoid false speech."
Reference: Tirmidhi, Book of Testimonies 2299, Musnad Ahmad, Musnad al-Shamiyin 4/219, Hadith 17616.
Prohibition of Testifying to Oppression
① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Nu'man bin Bashir رضي الله عنهما that his mother, Bint Ruwaha, asked his father about gifting some property to their son from her wealth, but he postponed it for a year. When he wanted to give it, she said: Make the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم a witness to what you have gifted to my son, then I will be satisfied. So my father took my hand and brought me to the presence of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم. I was a child at that time. My father said: O Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم! His mother, Bint Ruwaha, wishes that I make you a witness to what I have gifted to her son. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
يا بشير ألك ولد سواه هذا؟
"Bashir! Do you have any other children besides him?"
He said: Yes! The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
أكلهم وهبت له مثل هذا؟
"Have you gifted all of them the same amount?"
He said: No! The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
فلا تشهدني إذا، فإني لا أشهد على جور
"Then do not make me a witness, for I do not bear witness to injustice and unfairness."
Reference: Muslim, Book of Gifts 1623/14.
Prohibition of Competing in Giving Testimony
① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
خير الناس قرني ثم الذين يلونهم، ثم الذين يلونهم، ثم يجيء قوم تسبق شهادة أحدهم يمينه ويمينه شهادته
"The best people are those of my generation, then those who come after them, then those who come after them, then there will come people among whom the testimony of one will surpass his oath, and his oath will surpass his testimony."
Reference: Bukhari, Book of Testimonies 2652, Muslim, Virtues of the Companions 2533/210.
