This excerpt is taken from Sheikh Hussain bin Mubarak Al-Mawsili's Arabic book Al-Awamer wal-Nawahi, which was translated into Urdu by Muhammad Sarwar Gohar under the title Ahkamat o Mamnoaat.
① Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates, I and Sayyida Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) were fasting when a gift of food was sent to us. So we ate from it. When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came, Sayyida Hafsa, taking the lead in the conversation, said to me: O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! Hafsa and I were observing a voluntary fast when a gift of food was sent to us, so we broke our fast with it. Upon hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
اقضيا مكانه يوما
"Make up one day of fasting in its place."
Reference: Kitab al-Siyam 306/1. Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Sawm 2457. Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Sawm 735. The narration is authentic.
① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنهما that a woman came to the presence of the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and said: O Messenger of Allah! My mother has passed away and she had fasts to make up for a month, so can I fast on her behalf? The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
أرأيت لو كان على أمك دين أكنت تقضيه؟
"Tell me, if your mother had a debt, would you pay it off for her?"
She said: Yes! The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
فدين الله أحق بالقضاء
"The debt to Allah has more right to be fulfilled."
Reference: Bukhari, Book of Fasting 1953. Muslim, Book of Fasting 1148. Abu Dawood, Book of Fasting 3310.
② It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha رضي الله عنها that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
من مات وعليه صيام صام عنه وليه
"When a person dies and has fasts owed, his guardian (wali) will fast on his behalf."
Reference: Bukhari 1952. Muslim 1147. Abu Dawood 2400.
① Sayyiduna Abu Qatada رضي الله عنه narrates, it was asked: O Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم! What is the ruling on a person who continuously fasts all the time? You صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
لا صام ولا أفطر ، أو لم يصم ولم يفطر
"He fasted but did not break his fast."
Reference: Muslim, Kitab al-Siyam 1162/196. Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Sawm 2425. Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Sawm 767.
② It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar رضي الله عنهما that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
من صام الأبد فلا صام ولا أفطر
"A person who always fasts is like one who neither fasted nor broke his fast (his action is not accepted, it is a kind of curse for him)."
Reference: An-Nasa'i, Kitab al-Siyam 4/175.
