Source: Fatāwā Amunpuri by Shaykh Ghulam Mustafa Zaheer Amunpuri
❀ Sayyidah ʿĀʾishah رضي الله عنها narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ.
“Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid—her marriage is invalid—her marriage is invalid. If the man consummates the marriage with her, then she is entitled to the mahr in return for what he made lawful of her private parts. If there is dispute among the guardians, then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian.”
✔ Its chain is ḥasan.
❖ Question:
Is maintenance (nafaqah) obligatory in the case of an invalid marriage (nikāḥ bāṭil)?✿ Answer:
An invalid marriage (nikāḥ bāṭil) does not legally take place; therefore, maintenance is not obligatory in such a case. However, if consummation (dukhūl) has occurred, then mahr (dower) becomes obligatory.❀ Sayyidah ʿĀʾishah رضي الله عنها narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ.
“Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid—her marriage is invalid—her marriage is invalid. If the man consummates the marriage with her, then she is entitled to the mahr in return for what he made lawful of her private parts. If there is dispute among the guardians, then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian.”
Reference: Musnad Isḥāq: 499; Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad: 6/165; Musnad al-Ḥumaydī: 228; Musnad al-Ṭayālisī: 1/305; Sunan Abī Dāwūd: 2083; Sunan Ibn Mājah: 1879; Sunan al-Tirmidhī: 1102; al-Sunan al-Kubrā (al-Nasāʾī): 5394; Musnad Abī Yaʿlā: 2083; Sunan al-Dāraqutnī: 3/221; al-Sunan al-Kubrā (al-Bayhaqī): 7/105
✔ Its chain is ḥasan.
