Source: Sharh Kitab al-Jāmiʿ from Bulūgh al-Marām by Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
Translation: Ḥāfiẓ ʿAbd al-Salām bin Muḥammad Bhaṭwī
Hadith Reference:
وعنه رضى الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: لا تحاسدوا ولا تناجشوا ولا تباغضوا ولا تدابروا ولا يبع بعضكم على بيع بعض وكونوا عباد الله إخوانا...
[أخرجه مسلم]
Narrated from Abū Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه):
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
“Do not envy one another, do not artificially inflate prices against one another, do not hate one another, do not turn your backs on one another, and do not undercut one another in trade. Be, O servants of Allah, brothers. A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim—he does not wrong him, does not forsake him, and does not despise him. Piety is here,” and he pointed to his chest three times.
“It is enough evil for a person to hold his Muslim brother in contempt. The whole of a Muslim is sacred to another Muslim: his blood, his wealth, and his honor.”
(Related by Muslim)
Authentication and References:
Linguistic Clarification:
➊ “Do not envy one another” (لَا تَحَاسَدُوا):
From باب تفاعل, implying mutual action. Even if someone envies you, you are not permitted to envy in return.
Despite the Qur’an permitting equivalent retaliation:
وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِّثْلُهَا
[Ash-Shūrā: 40]
“The recompense of an evil deed is an evil like it.”
Still, envying in return is prohibited—so envying someone who has not envied you is all the more forbidden.
For a detailed discussion on envy and its remedy, refer to the first Hadith in this chapter.
➋ “Do not artificially inflate prices” (وَلَا تَنَاجَشُوا):
Also from باب تفاعل. Linguistically, Najsh means to disturb prey from its place to catch it. In this context, it refers to a person raising the price in a transaction without intending to purchase, just to mislead others into bidding higher.
This form of deceptive competition is haram. If done mutually, it is even worse. If the other party has not tricked you, it is even more forbidden.
➌ “Do not harbor hatred” (وَلَا تَبَاغَضُوا):
This too follows the pattern of باب تفاعل. Even if someone bears hatred toward you, you must not respond with hatred. And harboring hatred against one who does not hate you is even worse.
Thus, any act that cultivates hatred and enmity among Muslims is prohibited.
➍ “Do not turn away from one another” (وَلَا تَدَابَرُوا):
From the word Dubr (back), also from باب تفاعل. It means: Do not sever ties or cut off communication.
Turning away from a fellow Muslim beyond three days is haram, as it leads to division.
➎ Do not undercut one another’s sales:
If a sale is already agreed upon between two Muslims, a third party must not intervene by offering a higher price to the seller or a lower price to the buyer to spoil the deal.
This breeds enmity and violates trust.
Similarly, if two people are engaged in marriage discussions and the agreement is pending, a third party must not interfere to break it off and propose themselves.
However, if the deal or proposal is not finalized, then it is permissible for others to offer.
➏ “Be servants of Allah as brothers”:
If you are truly Allah’s servants, then obey His command—not your own desires.
After prohibiting five destructive actions, the Prophet ﷺ commands that Muslims should treat one another like blood brothers, showing:
➐ Signs of True Brotherhood in Islam:
The Prophet ﷺ said: “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim,” and mentioned three manifestations of this brotherhood:
① He does not oppress him — Not in his life, wealth, or honor.
② He does not forsake him — Whether the Muslim is oppressed or the oppressor:
③ He does not hold him in contempt — This arises from arrogance, which contradicts faith.
The Prophet ﷺ said in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim:
الكبر بطر الحق وغمط الناس
[Sahih Muslim 91, Kitāb al-Īmān 39]
“Arrogance is rejecting the truth and belittling others.”
Arrogant people consider others beneath them and deny them their rightful dues, which is a major sin.
➑ What is Taqwa (تقوى) and where is it?
Literally: Fear or guarding oneself.
Religiously, it means:
Taqwa resides in the heart, but its effects are evident in one’s actions and limbs.
The Prophet ﷺ said while pointing to his chest three times:
“Taqwa is here.”
➒ Sin of Despising a Muslim Brother:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“It is enough evil for a person to hold his Muslim brother in contempt.”
Contempt arises from arrogance—and arrogance is a claim to divine greatness, which belongs to Allah alone.
Allah said:
الكبرياء ردائي، العظمة إزاري، فمن نازعني واحداً منهما قذفته في النار
[Sahih Abu Dawud 3446, Kitāb al-Libās 28]
“Pride is My cloak and grandeur is My robe. Whoever competes with Me in either, I will cast him into the Fire.”
Hence, the Prophet ﷺ said:
لا يدخل الجنة من كان في قلبه مثقال ذرة من كبر
[Sahih Muslim]
“He who has even an atom’s weight of pride in his heart shall not enter Paradise.”
➓ Difference between كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ and كُلُّ الْمُسْلِمِ:
The Prophet ﷺ clarified that:
“The whole of a Muslim is sacred to another Muslim: his blood, his wealth, and his honor.”
Translation: Ḥāfiẓ ʿAbd al-Salām bin Muḥammad Bhaṭwī
Hadith Reference:وعنه رضى الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: لا تحاسدوا ولا تناجشوا ولا تباغضوا ولا تدابروا ولا يبع بعضكم على بيع بعض وكونوا عباد الله إخوانا...
[أخرجه مسلم]
Narrated from Abū Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه):
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
“Do not envy one another, do not artificially inflate prices against one another, do not hate one another, do not turn your backs on one another, and do not undercut one another in trade. Be, O servants of Allah, brothers. A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim—he does not wrong him, does not forsake him, and does not despise him. Piety is here,” and he pointed to his chest three times.
“It is enough evil for a person to hold his Muslim brother in contempt. The whole of a Muslim is sacred to another Muslim: his blood, his wealth, and his honor.”
(Related by Muslim)
Authentication and References:- Sahih: [Muslim, Kitāb al-Birr wa al-Ṣilah / 32]
- Also referenced in Tuhfat al-Ashrāf [10/456]
Linguistic Clarification:- بِحَسْبِ امْرِئٍ — The preposition bāʼ here is supplementary. Ḥasbu imriʼ is the subject; the phrase أن يحقر أخاه المسلم is a clause used as the predicate in the meaning of a verbal noun.
✦ Key Insights and Benefits:
➊ “Do not envy one another” (لَا تَحَاسَدُوا):
From باب تفاعل, implying mutual action. Even if someone envies you, you are not permitted to envy in return.
Despite the Qur’an permitting equivalent retaliation:
وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِّثْلُهَا
[Ash-Shūrā: 40]
“The recompense of an evil deed is an evil like it.”
Still, envying in return is prohibited—so envying someone who has not envied you is all the more forbidden.
For a detailed discussion on envy and its remedy, refer to the first Hadith in this chapter.➋ “Do not artificially inflate prices” (وَلَا تَنَاجَشُوا):
Also from باب تفاعل. Linguistically, Najsh means to disturb prey from its place to catch it. In this context, it refers to a person raising the price in a transaction without intending to purchase, just to mislead others into bidding higher.
This form of deceptive competition is haram. If done mutually, it is even worse. If the other party has not tricked you, it is even more forbidden.
➌ “Do not harbor hatred” (وَلَا تَبَاغَضُوا):
This too follows the pattern of باب تفاعل. Even if someone bears hatred toward you, you must not respond with hatred. And harboring hatred against one who does not hate you is even worse.
Thus, any act that cultivates hatred and enmity among Muslims is prohibited.
➍ “Do not turn away from one another” (وَلَا تَدَابَرُوا):
From the word Dubr (back), also from باب تفاعل. It means: Do not sever ties or cut off communication.
Turning away from a fellow Muslim beyond three days is haram, as it leads to division.
➎ Do not undercut one another’s sales:
If a sale is already agreed upon between two Muslims, a third party must not intervene by offering a higher price to the seller or a lower price to the buyer to spoil the deal.
This breeds enmity and violates trust.
Similarly, if two people are engaged in marriage discussions and the agreement is pending, a third party must not interfere to break it off and propose themselves.
However, if the deal or proposal is not finalized, then it is permissible for others to offer.
➏ “Be servants of Allah as brothers”:
If you are truly Allah’s servants, then obey His command—not your own desires.
After prohibiting five destructive actions, the Prophet ﷺ commands that Muslims should treat one another like blood brothers, showing:
- Mutual affection
- Mercy
- Love
- Support
- Sincerity
➐ Signs of True Brotherhood in Islam:
The Prophet ﷺ said: “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim,” and mentioned three manifestations of this brotherhood:
① He does not oppress him — Not in his life, wealth, or honor.
② He does not forsake him — Whether the Muslim is oppressed or the oppressor:
- If oppressed: he helps him escape the injustice.
- If the oppressor: he helps by stopping him from wrongdoing.
③ He does not hold him in contempt — This arises from arrogance, which contradicts faith.
The Prophet ﷺ said in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim:
الكبر بطر الحق وغمط الناس
[Sahih Muslim 91, Kitāb al-Īmān 39]
“Arrogance is rejecting the truth and belittling others.”
Arrogant people consider others beneath them and deny them their rightful dues, which is a major sin.
➑ What is Taqwa (تقوى) and where is it?
Literally: Fear or guarding oneself.
Religiously, it means:
- To obey Allah’s commands in hopes of His reward.
- To avoid His prohibitions in fear of His punishment.
Taqwa resides in the heart, but its effects are evident in one’s actions and limbs.
The Prophet ﷺ said while pointing to his chest three times:
“Taqwa is here.”
➒ Sin of Despising a Muslim Brother:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“It is enough evil for a person to hold his Muslim brother in contempt.”
Contempt arises from arrogance—and arrogance is a claim to divine greatness, which belongs to Allah alone.
Allah said:
الكبرياء ردائي، العظمة إزاري، فمن نازعني واحداً منهما قذفته في النار
[Sahih Abu Dawud 3446, Kitāb al-Libās 28]
“Pride is My cloak and grandeur is My robe. Whoever competes with Me in either, I will cast him into the Fire.”
Hence, the Prophet ﷺ said:
لا يدخل الجنة من كان في قلبه مثقال ذرة من كبر
[Sahih Muslim]
“He who has even an atom’s weight of pride in his heart shall not enter Paradise.”
➓ Difference between كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ and كُلُّ الْمُسْلِمِ:
- كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ means: every individual Muslim
- كُلُّ الْمُسْلِمِ means: every aspect of the Muslim
The Prophet ﷺ clarified that:
“The whole of a Muslim is sacred to another Muslim: his blood, his wealth, and his honor.”
