Fasting for the Sick

Authored by: Sheikh Mubashir Ahmad Rabbani (Hafizahullah)

Ruling on Fasting for the Sick​

Question:
What is the ruling in Shari’ah for a fasting person who is ill? Is it permissible for them to break their fast? When does it become obligatory to skip fasting due to illness?

Answer:
The ruling for a fasting person depends on the nature of their illness. In some cases, it is permissible to break the fast, while in others, it may be impermissible or even obligatory to do so. Similarly, there are situations where breaking the fast is preferred. The ruling is determined by the severity of the illness and its effect on the individual.

Sheikh Salih Al-Uthaymeen (رحمه الله) explains:

1. Minor Illnesses That Do Not Affect Fasting​

Examples:

• Common cold, mild headache, or toothache.

For such illnesses, breaking the fast is not permissible. Although some scholars consider the Quranic verse:
"And whoever is ill..." (Surah Al-Baqarah: 185)
to allow fasting to be skipped in these situations, the ruling is conditional. If fasting does not exacerbate the illness or cause difficulty, then fasting remains obligatory, and breaking the fast is not allowed.

2. Illness That Causes Hardship Without Harm​

In cases where fasting causes significant discomfort but does not lead to harm, the individual has the option to fast or skip the fast.

3. Illness That Causes Harm or Risk of Death​

Examples:

• Serious illness, diabetes, or any other condition where fasting may lead to harm.

For such cases, it is impermissible to fast. Sheikh Uthaymeen explains that fasting in such situations could be considered sinful because of the risk it poses to health. If a trustworthy doctor confirms that fasting will not harm the individual, then fasting becomes obligatory.

Key Points:​

1. Minor illnesses do not justify skipping the fast unless they cause significant difficulty.
2. Moderate illnesses allow the choice of fasting or skipping.
3. Severe illnesses that pose harm make fasting prohibited.

If there is no risk of harm and a qualified doctor approves, fasting is obligatory even for those with certain illnesses like diabetes.

References:

• Sheikh Salih Al-Uthaymeen's Fatawa
• Surah Al-Baqarah: 185