Ḥadīth of the Farewell Sermon: Sanctity of Life, Wealth, and Honor & The True Definitions of Muslim, Believer, Emigrant, and Mujāhid – Detailed Authentication
Source: Fatāwā ʿIlmiyyah, Vol. 1 – Principles, Takhrīj, and Authentication of Narrations – p. 608
❖ The Original Ḥadīth
**"وعن فضاله بن عبيد الانصاري عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال في حجة الوداع:
إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمٌ حَرَامٌ ، وَبَلَدٌ حَرَامٌ ، فَدِمَاؤُكُمْ ، وَأَمْوَالُكُمْ ، وَأَعْرَاضُكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ وَهَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَحَتَّى دَفْعَةٍ يَدْفَعُهَا مُسْلِمٌ مُسْلِمًا يُرِيدُ بِهَا سُوءًا حَرَامٌ ، وَسَأُخْبِرُكُمْ مَنِ المُسْلِمُ ، مَنْ سَلِمَ المُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ ، وَالمُؤْمِنُ مَنْ أَمِنَهُ النَّاسُ عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ، وَالمُهَاجِرُ مَنْ هَجَرَ الخَطَايَا وَالذُّنُوبَ ، وَالمُجَاهِدُ مَنْ جَاهَدَ نَفْسَهُ فِي طَاعَةِ الله تَعَالَى”**
(Narrated from Faḍālah ibn ʿUbayd al-Anṣārī رضي الله عنه: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said during the Farewell Pilgrimage: This is a sacred day, in a sacred land. Thus, your blood, your wealth, and your honor are sacred to you, like the sanctity of this day and this night, until the Day of Resurrection. Even a shove that one Muslim gives another with evil intent is forbidden. I shall now inform you who is a Muslim: a Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand the people are safe. And a believer is the one whom people trust with their lives and wealth. And a muhājir is the one who abandons sins and errors. And a mujāhid is the one who strives against his own self in obedience to Allah.)
(Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid, 3/443, ḥadīth 5625, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, Beirut)
❖ Sources of the Ḥadīth
This narration is recorded in:
◈ Kashf al-Astār ʿan Zawāʾid al-Bazzār (vol. 2, p. 35, ḥadīth 1143)
◈ Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid (vol. 3, p. 268)
◈ al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr by al-Ṭabarānī (vol. 18, p. 312, ḥadīth 806)
❖ Status of the Chain
– According to the muḥaddithīn, the isnād of this ḥadīth is ḥasan (sound).
– The narrators are reliable, upright, and accepted.
– As per certification (February 2003), the sanad is ḥasan.
❖ Summary and Key Lessons from the Ḥadīth
This narration is authentic and reliable. It includes vital teachings from the Prophet ﷺ in the Farewell Sermon:
✿ Sanctity of day, place, life, wealth, and honor
✿ True definition of Muslim, Believer, Emigrant, and Mujāhid
✿ A Muslim: one whose tongue and hand do not harm others
✿ A Believer: one whom people trust with life and property
✿ A Muhājir: one who abandons sins
✿ A Mujāhid: one who struggles against his own soul in Allah’s obedience
ھذا ما عندي واللہ أعلم بالصواب