Collecting taxes, bidding to increase prices, prohibition of interest, and returning borrowed items

This excerpt is taken from the Arabic book Al-Awamer wal-Nawahi by Sheikh Hussain bin Mubarak Al-Mawsili, whose Urdu translation has been done by Muhammad Sarwar Gohar Sahib under the title Ahkamat o Mamnoaat.

Prohibition of Taking Tax​

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① Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Amir رضي الله عنه narrates that I heard the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم say:
لا يدخل الجنة صاحب مكس
“The one who takes tax will not enter Paradise.”

Reference: Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Kharaj wal-Imarah wal-Fay’ 2937.

Prohibition of Bidding Only to Raise the Price​

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① Sayyiduna Ibn Umar رضي الله عنهما narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم forbade bidding only to raise the price (when there is no intention to buy).

Reference: Bukhari, Kitab al-Buyu 2142. Muslim, Kitab al-Buyu 1516/13.

Prohibition of Usury​

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① Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) cursed the one who consumes usury and the one who gives it. Mughira said: I asked Ibrahim about the scribe and the two witnesses of it. He said: We only convey what we have heard.

Reference: Muslim, Kitab al-Masakat 1597/105.

② Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) cursed the one who consumes usury, the one who gives it, its witnesses, and its scribe.

Reference: Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Buyu 1206. Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Buyu 3333.

③ Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
الذهب بالورق ربا إلا هاء وهاء ، والبر بالبر ربا إلا هاء وهاء ، والشعير بالشعير ربا إلا هاء وهاء ، والثمر بالثمر ربا إلا هاء وهاء
"Selling gold for silver is usury except when it is hand to hand. Selling wheat for wheat is usury except when it is hand to hand. Selling barley for barley is usury except when it is hand to hand. Selling dates for dates is usury except when it is hand to hand."

Reference: Bukhari, Kitab al-Buyu 2170. Muslim, Kitab al-Masakat 1586/79.

④ It is narrated from Sayyiduna Usama ibn Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
الربا فى النسيئة "Usury is in credit."
And in another narration:
إنما الربا فى النسيئة
"Usury only occurs in credit."

Reference: Bukhari, Kitab al-Buyu 2178. Muslim, Kitab al-Masakat 1596/102.

Returning Borrowed Items​

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① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم borrowed a large bowl which got lost, so the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم compensated him for it.

Reference: Tirmidhi Sharif.