This excerpt is taken from Kitab al-Sawm, compiled by Sheikh Ghulam Mustafa Zaheer Amanpuri, may Allah preserve him.
Question:
If the devils are chained during the month of Ramadan, then how does a person commit sins?
Answer:
❀ Hafiz Ibn al-Jawzi, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (597 AH)
, says:إن المعاصي تقع بميل الطبع إلى الشهوات المحرمة وليس للشيطان إلا التزيين والتحريض
“Sins occur because the nature has already inclined towards unlawful desires; the devil only beautifies the sin and incites it.”
Reference: (Kashf al-Mushkil: 3/409)
Question:
Is the virtue of fasting in hot weather greater?
Answer:
Certainly, the fasting in which there is more hardship, the reward also increases.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, says:
ثلاث من الإيمان أن يحتلم الرجل في الليلة الباردة فيقوم فيغتسل لا يراه إلا الله والصوم في اليوم الحار وصلاة الرجل في الأرض الفلاة لا يراه إلا الله
“Three acts are among the perfection of faith: ➊ A person becomes sexually excited during a cold night, then he gets up and performs ghusl, only Allah is watching him. ➋ Fasting on a very hot day, ➌ Praying in the wilderness where only Allah is watching him.”
Reference: (Shu'ab al-Iman by Al-Bayhaqi: 51, and its chain is authentic)
Question:
Is it recommended to give zakat during the month of Ramadan?
Answer:
Islam has not designated any specific month for Zakat. Zakat becomes obligatory when a year has passed on the wealth, regardless of the month. However, if someone arranges to pay Zakat in the month of Ramadan, it is recommended because the reward for deeds increases in Ramadan, so the reward for paying Zakat in Ramadan is greater than in other months. Therefore, if someone pays Zakat in Ramadan, it is correct and even better to do so.
❀ Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) gave a sermon from the pulpit and said:
هذا شهر زكاتكم
"This (Ramadan) is your month of Zakat."
Reference: (Muwatta Imam Malik: 1/253, Musnad al-Shafi'i, p. 97, Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi: 7607, and its chain is authentic)
❀ Hafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) says:
إسناده صحيح وهو موقوف
"Its chain is authentic and it is a Mawkuf narration."
Reference: (Al-Matalib al-Aliyah: 5/504)
❀ Allama Ibn al-Athir (may Allah have mercy on him)
Reference: (606 AH)
says:يستحب أن يختار لها شهر من الأشهر الحرم أو شهر رمضان
"It is recommended to choose one of the sacred months or specifically the month of Ramadan for paying Zakat."
Reference: (Al-Shafi'i: 3/112)
Question:
A person says, "There is no benefit in fasting during Ramadan; how could Allah keep His servants hungry? I consider fasting nothing but hunger and thirst." What is the ruling on the one who says these words?
Answer:
Certainly, this is a statement of disbelief, a denial of the fundamental pillar of Islam, which is unanimously considered disbelief and apostasy. However, such a person should be given a final warning and asked to repent; if he repents, it is correct, otherwise he becomes an apostate and his punishment is death, the enforcement of which is the religious and legal duty of the Islamic government.
Question:
Does backbiting break the fast?
Answer:
Backbiting is forbidden and a major sin; it reduces the reward and merit of the fast, but it does not break the fast. All narrations regarding this are weak and unproven, and some scholars have a rare opinion otherwise.
❀ Allama Ibn Muddood Moosali Hanafi, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (683 AH)
, says:إن العلماء أجمعوا على أن الغيبة لا تفطر ولا اعتبار بالحديث في مقابلة الإجماع
"The consensus of the scholars is that backbiting does not break the fast; no weak hadith can be considered against consensus."
Reference: (Al-Ikhtiyar li-Ta'leel al-Mukhtar: 1/133)
Question:
Does fasting become invalid due to lying and backbiting?
Answer:
Both are major sins, but fasting does not become invalid because of them; however, the reward and blessings are diminished.
Question:
How is donating blood while fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible if there is compulsion.
Question:
How is applying Vicks during fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible.
Question:
How many days after childbirth should fasting be observed?
Answer:
When the postpartum bleeding stops or at most forty days have passed, the woman is considered pure, and prayer and fasting become obligatory on her.
Question:
How is observing a voluntary fast on Friday?
Answer:
It is recommended that Friday should not be specially observed with fasting, however, fasting on Thursday or Saturday along with it is permissible. If someone fasts only on Friday, it is disliked (makruh tanzihi). Meaning it is better to avoid it, but if one does fast, they are not sinful.
❀ Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
إن يوم الجمعة يوم عيد فلا تجعلوا يوم عيدكم يوم صيامكم إلا أن تصوموا قبله أو بعده
"Friday is the day of Eid, so do not fast on your Eid day, except if you fast the day before or the day after it."
Reference: (Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 2/303, 2/532, and its chain is Hasan)
This hadith has been declared authentic by Imam Ibn Khuzaymah (may Allah have mercy on him)
Reference: (2161)
and Imam Ibn Hibban (may Allah have mercy on him)
Reference: (3610)
. Imam Hakim (may Allah have mercy on him) said its chain is authentic, and Hafiz Dhahabi (may Allah have mercy on him) agreed with this.Question:
Can henna or perfume be applied on the head while fasting?
Answer:
It can be applied, there is no harm.
Question:
If a lamp is lit where the fasting person is sitting, is that permissible?
Answer:
It is permissible, there is no harm. Its fragrance and smoke do not invalidate the fast.
Question:
How is the use of an inhaler during fasting?
Answer:
The use of an inhaler during fasting is permissible. The inhaler contains oxygen and a small amount of medicine, etc. In a state of necessity, its use does not invalidate the fast because it is not used for nutrition, nor does its moisture reach the stomach; rather, it goes to the throat and lungs. It is treated like an injection. The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, Allama Ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (Fatawa Ibn Baz: 15/264)
, and Sheikh Muhammad bin Salih al-Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (Majmoo' Fatawa wa Rasa'il Ibn Uthaymeen: 19/209)
, are in favor of its permissibility. Also, many Arab scholars hold the same ruling.
Reference: (Majalla Buhuth Islamiyyah: 43/155)
Question:
How is applying lipstick during fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible.
Question:
How is giving blood during fasting?
Answer:
If there is necessity, it can be given; avoiding it is better because after giving blood, weakness may occur to such an extent that one may be compelled to break the fast.
Question:
How is getting a tattoo during fasting?
Answer:
Applying cupping (Sangī) while fasting does not break the fast. There is evidence to support this.
❀ Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas رضي الله عنهما states:
إن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم احتجم وهو محرم واحتجم وهو صائم
"The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ had cupping done while in the state of Ihram and also had cupping done while fasting."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1938)
Sabit bin Anas رحمه الله states:
سئل أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه أكنتم تكرهون الحجامة للصائم قال لا إلا من أجل الضعف
"Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه was asked: Did you consider cupping for a fasting person during the Prophetic era to be disliked? He replied: No, but it was considered disliked due to weakness."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1940)
❀ Imam Tirmidhi رحمه الله says:
قد ذهب بعض أهل العلم من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وغيرهم إلى هذا الحديث ولم يروا بالحجامة للصائم بأسا وهو قول سفيان الثوري ومالك بن أنس والشافعي
"Some of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and other scholars have taken this hadith to mean that there is no harm in cupping for a fasting person. This is the view of Imam Sufyan Thawri, Imam Malik bin Anas, and Imam Shafi’i رحمه الله."
Reference: (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, under number: 777)
Warning:
❀ The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
أفطر الحاجم والمحجوم
"The one who applies a cupping and the one on whom cupping is applied have broken their fast."
From this authentic hadith, it appears that cupping breaks the fast, but the reality is that it does not break the fast, as is proven from the above hadiths. Therefore, the correct and true meaning of this hadith is that the one who applies cupping and the one on whom cupping is applied are close to breaking their fast. If the blood drawn from the throat of the one who applies cupping goes down, then his fast may break. The one on whom cupping is applied may become so weak due to blood loss that he cannot complete the fast. Therefore, it is precautionary to avoid cupping while fasting, but if someone does get cupping done, the fast is not broken. It is better to have cupping done at night. On this basis, some scholars have declared cupping during fasting to be disliked (makruh).
❀ Hafiz Khattabi (may Allah have mercy on him)
Reference: (388 AH)
says:تأول بعضهم الحديث فقال معنى أفطر الحاجم والمحجوم أي تعرضا للإفطار أما المحجوم فللضعف الذي يلحقه من ذلك فيؤديه إلى أن يعجز عن الصوم وأما الحاجم فلأنه لا يؤمن أن يصل إلى جوفه من طعم الدم أو من بعض أجراحه إذا ضم شفتيه على قصب الملازم وهذا كما يقال للرجل يتعرض للمهالك قد هلك فلان وإن كان باقيا سالما وإنما يراد به أنه قد أشرف على الهلاك
"Some scholars have interpreted this hadith, saying that the meaning of the hadith 'The one who applies cupping and the one on whom cupping is applied have broken their fast' is that both are on the verge of breaking their fast. The one on whom cupping is applied may become so weak due to blood loss that he may be unable to complete the fast (and may have to eat or drink something). The one who applies cupping is on the verge of breaking the fast because when he places his lips on the cupping instrument, there is a fear that the taste of blood or some part of the wound may enter his stomach, just as when a person intends to go to a place of destruction, it is said that so-and-so has perished, although he remains completely safe; the actual meaning is that he is inclined towards destruction."
Reference: (Ma'alim al-Sunan: 2/110)
Many commentators have explained the hadith with this meaning.
❀ Ishaq bin Mansur Kusaj (may Allah have mercy on him) states:
قال عبد الرحمن بن مهدي من احتجم وهو صائم فعليه القضاء وهكذا قال أحمد وإسحاق
"Imam Abdul Rahman bin Mahdi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Whoever has cupping done while fasting must make up the fast. This is also the statement of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal and Imam Ishaq bin Rahwayh (may Allah have mercy on them)."
Reference: (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, under number: 774)
The hadiths are authentic and the position of the majority of scholars is that cupping does not break the fast, which is the stronger view. Therefore, the fatwa of Imam Abdul Rahman bin Mahdi, Imam Ahmad, and Imam Ishaq bin Rahwayh (may Allah have mercy on them) is considered weak.
Question:
If one vomits, does the fast remain valid?
Answer:
Vomiting does not break the fast.
Question:
Can a person who prays Isha alone during Ramadan perform Witr in congregation?
Answer:
Yes, he can perform it.
Question:
How is applying kohl (surma) during fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible; applying kohl does not break the fast. There is no evidence of dislike or prohibition of applying kohl while fasting.
❀ Sulaiman bin Mihran A'mash (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
ما رأيت أحدا من أصحابنا يكره الكحل للصائم
"I have not seen any of our companions consider applying kohl for a fasting person as disliked."
Reference: (Sunan Abi Dawood: 2379, and its chain is Hasan)
Warning:
It is narrated from Ma‘bad bin Huzaifah Al-Juhani, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
ليتقه الصائم
"A fasting person should avoid applying kohl."
Reference: (Sunan Abi Dawood: 2377)
The narration is weak and rejected.
➊ Abdul Rahman bin Nu’man bin Ma‘bad is "weak."
➋ Nu’man bin Ma‘bad is "unknown," he is only mentioned by Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him.
Reference: (Al-Thiqat: 7/530)
❀ Imam Yahya bin Ma‘in, may Allah have mercy on him, declared this narration rejected.
Reference: (Sunan Abi Dawood, under the hadith: 2377)
❀ Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him, also called it "rejected."
Reference: (Masa’il Abi Dawood: 1891)
Question:
Can prepubescent children be made to fast?
Answer:
Although fasting becomes obligatory after puberty, children should be made to fast from the beginning to accustom them to it.
Reference: (Bukhari: 1960, Muslim: 1136)
However, if the child is weak or ill, they should not be made to fast.
Question:
What is the ruling on breastfeeding a child during fasting?
Answer:
A mother can breastfeed her child while fasting. This does not break the fast.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas رضي الله عنهما says:
"Any substance that enters the body (with evidence) breaks the fast, but anything that exits the body does not break the fast."
Reference: (الأوسط لابن المنذر: 81، وسنده حسن)
Question:
What is the ruling if a person experiences nocturnal emission while fasting?
Answer:
Nocturnal emission does not break the fast because it is not under a person's control, and a sleeping person is considered مرفوع القلم (not accountable).
❀ Hafiz Ibn Abdul Barr رحمه الله
Reference: (463H)
says:إن العلماء أجمعوا أن الاحتلام بالنهار لا يفسد الصيام
"There is consensus among the scholars that if nocturnal emission occurs during the day, the fast is not invalidated."
Reference: (الاستذكار: 3/291)
Question:
Is there a Qadha (making up) for deliberately breaking a mandatory fast?
Answer:
Deliberately breaking a mandatory fast without excuse requires Qadha (making up the fast), but not Kaffarah (expiation). If one breaks the fast due to illness or travel, they will make up the fast on other days. Whoever deliberately breaks the fast will definitely have to make up the fast and also repent.
Question:
What is the virtue of performing Umrah in Ramadan?
Answer:
Performing Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj, or equivalent to performing Hajj with the Holy Prophet ﷺ.
Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 3037)
It should be noted that this equivalence is in reward. Performing Umrah in Ramadan does not exempt a person who is financially capable from the obligation of Hajj; rather, if he is capable, Hajj remains obligatory upon him until he performs it.
Question:
Is intention necessary for every fast?
Answer:
Intention is necessary for every act; intention is an act of the heart.
Question:
Can Zakat be given in any month other than Ramadan?
Answer:
Yes.
Question:
If a sick or traveling person intends to fast a voluntary fast during Ramadan, will that fast be voluntary or obligatory?
Answer:
It is not permissible to intend a voluntary fast in the month of Ramadan. A sick or traveling person should intend the obligatory fast if he wants to fast, and if later it becomes difficult to complete the fast, he may break it; there is no expiation or sin upon him, only making up the fast is obligatory.
Question:
What is the ruling for someone who eats or drinks forgetfully while fasting?
Answer:
Forgetting and eating or drinking does not break the fast; after remembering, one should stop eating and drinking and complete the fast.
❀ Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
من أكل ناسيا أو شرب ناسيا فليتم صومه فإنما أطعمه الله وسقاه
"Whoever eats or drinks forgetfully, let him complete his fast, for Allah has fed him and given him drink."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 6669)
Question:
When should the intention for a voluntary fast be made?
Answer:
The intention for a voluntary fast can be made after the break of dawn, and even after sunrise, provided that nothing has been eaten or drunk after the break of dawn and there has been no sexual intercourse.
Question:
When should the intention for a vowed fast be made?
Answer:
A vowed fast is obligatory, and its intention must be made before the break of dawn.
Question:
How is it to break the fast with water from a Hindu?
Answer:
If the water is pure, it can be used to break the fast.
Question:
If trustworthy people have sighted the moon and some have fasted while others have not, what is the ruling?
Answer:
It is necessary to accept the testimony of trustworthy people. Those who did not fast have violated the Shariah ruling.
Question:
How is it to use a microscope or modern instruments for moon sighting?
Answer:
One should benefit from modern technology, but the sighting that will be valid is the one that is visual, meaning modern means can be used to see with the eye.
Question:
Can a wife observe a voluntary fast without her husband's permission?
Answer:
A wife cannot observe a voluntary fast without her husband's permission.
❀ Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
لا يحل للمرأة أن تصوم وزوجها شاهد إلا بإذنه
"It is not permissible for a woman to fast (voluntarily) without her husband's permission in his presence."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 5195, Sahih Muslim: 1026)
❀ Allama Ibn Attar (may Allah have mercy on him)
Reference: (724 AH)
states:قد اتفق العلماء على أن المرأة لا يحل لها صوم التطوع وزوجها حاضر إلا بإذنه
"There is consensus among the scholars that it is not permissible for a woman to fast voluntarily without her husband's permission in his presence."
Reference: (Al-'Iddah fi Sharh al-'Umdah: 2/874, At-Tawdih li Ibn al-Mulqin: 13/367)
Question:
How is it to fast when in doubt?
Answer:
Fasting on a doubtful day is not correct. The narration regarding this is weak.
Question:
What is the ruling on the following narration?
لا يصام يوم الشك إلا تطوعا
"There is no obligatory fast on a doubtful day, but one may observe a voluntary fast."
Answer:
It is a baseless narration.
❀ Hanafi scholars have also declared it baseless.
Reference: (Durar al-Hukkam by Mulla Khusro: 1/198, Tabyin al-Haqaiq by al-Zil'i: 1/318, Fath al-Qadeer by Ibn al-Humam: 2/496, al-Durr al-Mukhtar by al-Haskafi, p. 143, Majma' al-Anhar by Shaykh Zadah: 1/234, Hashiyat al-Tahtawi on Marāqi al-Falah, p. 738)
Question:
How is the use of tooth powder during fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible.
Question:
How is applying oil to the head during fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible.
Question:
How is placing a wet handkerchief on the head during fasting?
Answer:
There is no harm.
Question:
Can a fasting person submerge in water?
Answer:
He can submerge, but should be cautious that water does not enter the stomach through the mouth or nose.
Question:
How is keeping snuff (naswar) in the mouth during fasting?
Answer:
It is not permissible. It will break the fast.
Question:
How is cleaning the fasting person's teeth with the ash of burnt tobacco leaves?
Answer:
If the effect of ash does not reach the stomach, the fast is not broken.
Question:
If a fasting person has a nosebleed, what is the ruling?
Answer:
The fast is not broken.
Question:
How is repeatedly taking a bath during fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible.
Question:
What is the ruling on injections during fasting?
Answer:
If it is necessary to take an injection while fasting, it can be administered.
Question:
How is putting medicine in the eye of a fasting person?
Answer:
It is permissible.
Question:
Does breastfeeding break a woman's fast or not?
Answer:
No.
Question:
If sand enters the mouth and then is spat out, is the fast still valid?
Answer:
It does not affect the fast.
Question:
If blood comes from the teeth, what is the ruling on the fast?
Answer:
Blood coming from the teeth does not break the fast. One should rinse the mouth and spit out the blood.
Question:
If a fasting woman puts medicine in her private parts, what is the ruling on the fast?
Answer:
This will not break the fast.
Question:
Will swallowing saliva break the fast or not?
Answer:
No.
Question:
If someone is bathing in a pond and passes wind, will the fast be broken or not?
Answer:
This will not break the fast.
Question:
Is it permissible to apply ointment on hemorrhoid wounds while fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible, and it does not break the fast.
Question:
What is the ruling on sniffing tobacco during fasting?
Answer:
It does not break the fast.
Question:
Is it permissible to apply kohl and oil while fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible, and it does not break the fast.
Question:
Is it permissible to kiss and embrace one's wife while fasting?
Answer:
It is permissible.
❀ Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates:
"The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to kiss and embrace one of his pure wives while fasting, even though he had more control over his desires than her."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1106)
Question:
If one falls asleep while fasting and wakes up to see blood in the mouth, what is the ruling?
Answer:
There is no disruption to the fast.
Question:
What is the ruling on performing the janabah (major ritual impurity) bath after dawn in Ramadan?
Answer:
It is permissible, and it does not harm the fast. It is permissible to fast in a state of janabah (major ritual impurity).
❀ Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates:
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يدركه الصبح وهو جنب فيغتسل ويصوم
"When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would wake up in a state of janabah, he would perform ghusl (ritual bath) and fast."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1925, Sahih Muslim: 1109, Al-Muntaqa li Ibn al-Jarood: 392)
❀ Hafiz Ibn Daqeeq al-Eid (may Allah have mercy on him)
Reference: (702 AH)
says:اتفق الفقهاء على العمل بهذا الحديث وصار ذلك إجماعا أو كالإجماع
"There is consensus among the jurists that it is permissible to act upon this hadith; there is ijma' (consensus) or near consensus on the permissibility of this issue."
Reference: (Ihkam al-Ahkam Sharh Umdat al-Ahkam: 2/11)
Question:
If blood from the gums reaches the throat, does the fast remain valid or not?
Answer:
The blood from the gums should be spat out; if it unintentionally reaches the throat, the fast remains valid.
Question:
If the red color of paan (betel leaf preparation) is mixed in saliva, does swallowing it break the fast?
Answer:
No, it does not break the fast.
Question:
Does smoking hookah break the fast?
Answer:
Yes, it does.
Question:
What is the ruling on intercourse during fasting?
Answer:
Intercourse during the state of fasting is not permissible. It will break the fast and require expiation.
❀ Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:
"A man came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and said: I am ruined. The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked: What happened? He said: I had intercourse with my wife while fasting in Ramadan. The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked: Do you have the means to free a slave? He replied: No. The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked: Can you fast for two consecutive months? He replied: No. He asked: Can you feed sixty poor people? He replied: No. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Sit down. At that moment, a large basket of dates was brought to the Prophet (peace be upon him). He said: Take it and give it as charity. The man said: Should I give charity to a household that is more in need than us? There is no one more needy than our household between these two black mountains (i.e., in Medina). Upon hearing this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) smiled so broadly that his teeth became visible and said: Take it and feed your family with it."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1936, Sahih Muslim: 1111)
Question:
Does masturbation break the fast?
Answer:
Undoubtedly, masturbation is unlawful, forbidden, and a futile act. It is an extremely vile and disgraceful sin. It is harmful for both religion and worldly life. It weakens physical powers, causes premature aging, diminishes the beauty of the face, leads to impotence and infertility, may cause forgetfulness, and destroys nervous, mental, and physical abilities.
❀ Allama Qurtubi, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (671 AH)
, says:عامة العلماء على تحريمه وقال بعض العلماء إنه كالفاعل بنفسه وهي معصية أحدثها الشيطان وأجراها بين الناس حتى صارت قيلة ويا ليتها لم تقل ولو قام الدليل على جوازها لكان ذو المروءة يعرض عنها لدناءتها
"Most scholars consider masturbation to be forbidden; some scholars have even said that it is equivalent to committing zina (fornication) with oneself. It is a sin, invented by Satan and spread among people, to the extent that it has become a subject of debate and discussion. I wish it were never discussed. Even if evidence were established in its favor, respectable people would still avoid it due to its baseness."
Reference: (Tafsir al-Qurtubi: 12/106)
If someone masturbates during fasting, it is certainly forbidden and a major sin, but whether the fast remains valid or not is a jurisprudential issue.
Some scholars say that masturbation during fasting breaks the fast.
Their evidence is:
❀ Sayyiduna Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: Allah Almighty says:
يترك طعامه وشرابه وشهوته من أجلي
"My servant gives up food, drink, and desires for My sake."
Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1894, Sahih Muslim: 1151)
❀ Allama Samarkandi Hanafi, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (540 AH)
, says:استمنى بالكف فأنزل فإنه يفسد لأنه اقتضى شهوته بفعله
"If someone masturbates with his hand and ejaculates, his fast becomes invalid because he has fulfilled his desire through masturbation."
Reference: (Tuhfat al-Fuqaha, p. 358)
Indeed, fulfilling desire through masturbation is not permissible, but using this as evidence that the fast breaks is not correct, because masturbation is neither literally nor essentially intercourse.
❀ Ata ibn Abi Rabah, may Allah have mercy on him, says:
إن أمنى الصائم أفطر
"If a fasting person ejaculates through masturbation, his fast is broken."
Reference: (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 9482, and its chain is authentic)
❀ Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (728 AH)
, says:أما من استمنى فأنزل فإنه يفطر
"Whoever masturbates and ejaculates, his fast will be broken."
Reference: (Majmu' al-Fatawa: 25/224)
❀ Allama Rafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (623 AH)
, says:المني إن خرج بالاستمناء أفطر وإن خرج بمجرد الفكر والنظر فلا
"If semen is emitted due to masturbation, the fast breaks; but if it is emitted merely by thinking or looking, the fast does not break."
Reference: (Al-Sharh al-Kabir: 6/388)
❀ Allama Ibn Abi al-'Izz Hanafi, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (792 AH)
, says:كالمستمني بالكف على ما قالوا يعني لا يفطر وفيه نظر قال في الذخيرة هذا قول أبي بكر وأبي القاسم وعامة المشايخ على خلافه وهو قول الأئمة الثلاثة قال في الينابيع وهو المختار
"Similarly, the fast of one who masturbates with the palm does not break. However, this view is questionable. In 'Dakhira' it is written: This is the position of Abu Bakr and Abu al-Qasim, but most scholars oppose it, and the three Imams hold the opposite view. It is recorded in 'Yanabi' that this is the preferred opinion."
Reference: (Al-Tanbih 'ala Mashakil al-Hidayah: 9/207, Al-Binayah lil-'Ayni: 2/330)
❀ Allama Tahtawi Hanafi, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (1231 AH)
, says:لو استمنى بكفه فعامة المشايخ أفتوا بفساد الصوم وهو المختار
"If someone masturbates with his hand, most scholars issue a fatwa that his fast becomes invalid; this is the preferred opinion."
Reference: (Hashiyat al-Tahtawi 'ala Maraqi al-Falah, p. 658)
Dominant Position :
The prevailing view seems to be that masturbation does not break the fast, because there is no evidence for it. It is not correct to analogize it to intercourse for several reasons. Intercourse breaks the fast and requires expiation (kaffarah), but those scholars who believe that masturbation breaks the fast do not consider expiation obligatory for it.
❀ Allama Albani, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (1420 AH)
, says:لو كان هذا صحيحا لكان إيجاب الكفارة في الاستمناء أولى من إيجابها على الإيلاج بدون إنزال وهم لا يقولون أيضا بذلك فتأمل تناقض القياسيين
"If this position were correct, then it would be more appropriate to impose expiation for masturbation than for penetration without ejaculation, whereas these people do not accept that, so consider the contradiction of those who use analogy."
Reference: (Tamam al-Minnah, p. 419)
❀ Allama Ibn Hazm, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (456 AH)
, says:ممن ينقض الصوم بالإنزال للمني إذا تعمد اللذة ولم يأت بذلك نص ولا إجماع ولا قول صاحب ولا قياس
"According to some scholars, the fast of a person who deliberately causes ejaculation breaks. However, there is no text, consensus, statement of a companion, or analogy for this."
Reference: (Al-Muhalla bil Athar: 4/338)
❀ Muhaddith Albani, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (1420 AH)
, says:لا دليل على الإبطال بذلك وإلحاقه بالجماع غير ظاهر ولذلك قال الصنعاني الأظهر أنه لا قضاء ولا كفارة إلا على من جامع وإلحاق غير المجامع به بعيد وإليه مال الشوكاني وهو مذهب ابن حزم
"There is no evidence that masturbation invalidates the fast, and it is not correct to analogize it to intercourse. That is why Amir San'ani, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The correct view is that only the one who has intercourse is required to make up the fast and pay expiation. It is unlikely to analogize anyone else to the one who has intercourse. Allama Shawkani, may Allah have mercy on him, also leans towards this view, and Allama Ibn Hazm, may Allah have mercy on him, holds the same belief."
Reference: (Tamam al-Minnah, p. 418)
Benefit:
It is narrated from the trustworthy jurist Jabir bin Zaid, may Allah have mercy on him
Reference: (93 AH)
:عن رجل نظر إلى امرأته في رمضان فأمنى من شهوتها هل يفطر قال لا ويتم صومه
"He was asked about a person who looks at his wife during Ramadan, and due to desire, his semen is emitted. Will his fast be broken? He said no. He should complete his fast."
Reference: (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 9480, and its chain is Hasan)
