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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الظهار
Book of Zihar
باب: عتق المؤمنة في الظهار
Chapter: Freeing a believing slave in the expiation for zihar
Bayhaqi Q15266 — Freeing a believing slave in the expiation for zihar
اُردوEn
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: لَا يُجْزِيهِ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي الْقَتْلِ: {فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ} [النساء: 92]، فَكَانَ شَرْطُ اللهِ تَعَالَى فِي رَقَبَةِ الْقَتْلِ إِذَا كَانَ كَفَّارَةً كَالدَّلِيلِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ لَا تَجْزِيَ رَقَبَةٌ فِي كَفَّارَةٍ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنَةً كَمَا شَرَطَ اللهُ الْعَدْلَ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ، وَأَطْلَقَ الشُّهُودَ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ مَوَاضِعَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ شَهَادَةٌ كُلُّهَا اسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ مَا أَطْلَقَ مِنَ الشَّهَادَاتِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَعْنَى مَا شَرَطَ، قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا رَدَّ اللهُ أَمْوَالَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ، قَالَ: وَأَحَبُّ لَهُ أَنْ لَا يُعْتِقَ إِلَّا بَالِغَةً مُؤْمِنَةً وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَعْجَمِيَّةً فَوَصَفَتِ الْإِسْلَامَ أَجْزَأَتْهُ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Freeing a neck (slave) who is on a religion other than Islam will not suffice him (in the expiation for zihar), because Allah Almighty says concerning killing: 'then the freeing of a believing neck (slave)' [Surah al-Nisa: 92].
So Allah Almighty's condition (of faith) for the neck in the expiation for killing, since it is an expiation, is like evidence, and Allah knows best, that no neck will suffice in any expiation except a believing one; just as Allah Almighty stipulated uprightness ('adalah) for testimony in two places and mentioned witnesses without qualification in three places, and since all of them are testimonies, we inferred from this that the testimonies mentioned without qualification are, if Allah wills, of the same meaning as the one for which the condition was laid down."
He said: "And Allah Almighty returned the wealth of the Muslims to the Muslims, not to the polytheists."
He said: "And I prefer for him that he free only an adult believing (slave woman); and if she is non-Arab and describes (the beliefs of) Islam, (freeing her) will suffice him."
So Allah Almighty's condition (of faith) for the neck in the expiation for killing, since it is an expiation, is like evidence, and Allah knows best, that no neck will suffice in any expiation except a believing one; just as Allah Almighty stipulated uprightness ('adalah) for testimony in two places and mentioned witnesses without qualification in three places, and since all of them are testimonies, we inferred from this that the testimonies mentioned without qualification are, if Allah wills, of the same meaning as the one for which the condition was laid down."
He said: "And Allah Almighty returned the wealth of the Muslims to the Muslims, not to the polytheists."
He said: "And I prefer for him that he free only an adult believing (slave woman); and if she is non-Arab and describes (the beliefs of) Islam, (freeing her) will suffice him."
