Daraqutni

Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The entire surface of the earth has been made a place of prayer for us, and its soil has been made a means of purification for us, and our rows have been made like the rows of the angels."

The same narration is transmitted with another chain, in which these words are: "The entire surface of the earth has been made a place of prayer for us and a means of purification when we do not find water."

Umair, who was the servant of Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them), narrates: Once, I and Abdullah ibn Yasar, who is the servant of the noble wife of the Prophet (peace be upon him), Sayyida Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her), both of us went to the service of Sayyiduna Abu Juham ibn Harith Al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Juham (may Allah be pleased with him) informed us: The Prophet (peace be upon him) was coming from the direction of the well of Jamal. A man came before him and greeted him with salam. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not reply to the salam. The Prophet (peace be upon him) went to the wall, wiped his face and both arms (i.e., performed tayammum), and then replied to his salam.

Sayyiduna Abu Juham (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Once the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was going towards the well of Jamal in order to relieve himself. He met a man who was coming from the front, and that man greeted him with Salam. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not reply to his Salam. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to a wall, performed masah (wiping) over his blessed face and both arms (i.e., performed tayammum), and then replied to the Salam.

Sayyiduna Abu Juham bin Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Once, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was going towards the well of Jamal to relieve himself. A man came from the front and greeted him with salam, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not reply to the salam until he placed his blessed hand on the wall and wiped his blessed face and both arms with it (i.e., performed tayammum). Then he said: "And peace be upon you too."

Sayyiduna Abu Juham (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was coming from the well of Jamal, perhaps after relieving himself or urinating. I greeted him with salam, but he did not reply to my greeting. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wiped his blessed hand on the wall and performed masah (wiping) over his blessed face and both arms with it (i.e., performed tayammum), then he replied to my salam.

The same narration is also transmitted with another chain of narration from Sayyiduna Abu Juham (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

Nafi’ narrates: Once, I accompanied Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) for some work to Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). When Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) stated his purpose, during the conversation that day, he mentioned this incident: Once, a man passed by the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); this was in a street. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was coming after relieving himself or urinating. That man greeted you with salam, but you did not reply to him, until he was about to leave the street. Then the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) wiped his blessed hand on the wall and wiped his blessed face, then wiped his both arms again (i.e., performed tayammum), then replied to his salam. Then the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I did not reply to your salam because I was not in a state of purity (wudu).”

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: Once, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was returning after relieving himself. Near the well of Jamal, a man came before him and greeted him with salam. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not reply to his salam until he went to a wall and wiped his blessed face and both arms (i.e., performed tayammum), then he replied to that man's salam.

Saeed bin Jubair (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said regarding Allah’s statement: “If you are ill or on a journey,” that when a person is wounded in the way of Allah, or he develops a boil, or suffers from an itching disease, then he becomes in a state of major impurity or fears that bathing may cause his death, such a person should perform tayammum.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: "A sick person is permitted to perform tayammum with earth."

Ata’ narrated this as a marfu’ hadith up to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), while other narrators transmitted it as a mawquf narration.

Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Once, on a cold night, I experienced a wet dream. This was during the expedition of Dhat al-Salasil. I feared that if I performed ghusl (ritual bath), I would perish, so I performed tayammum and led my companions in the morning prayer. Later, this matter was mentioned to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), so he asked: "O Amr! Did you lead your companions in prayer while you were in a state of janabah (major ritual impurity)?" I explained to him the reason that prevented me from performing ghusl. I said: I heard Allah, the Exalted, say: "Do not kill yourselves; indeed, Allah is ever Merciful to you." Upon this, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled and did not say anything.

Abu Qais, who was the servant of Sayyiduna Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates: Once, Sayyiduna Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) went on a military expedition. During this time, he faced such severe cold as he had never experienced before. When he was about to go for the morning prayer, he said: "By Allah! I had a wet dream last night. Such cold, by Allah! I have never seen before." Then he washed his knees (where there were traces of the wet dream), performed ablution as for prayer, and led his companions in prayer. When they presented themselves before the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), he asked his companions: "How did you find Amr, how was his companionship?" They praised Sayyiduna Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) greatly and said: "O Messenger of Allah! Once, he led us in prayer while he was in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah)." The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna Amr. He explained the situation to him and said: "O Messenger of Allah! Allah Almighty has said: 'Do not kill yourselves.' If I had performed ghusl at that time, I would have died." At this, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled.

Rabee’ bin Badr narrates from his father, from his grandfather: Sayyiduna Asla’ said: “Show me how the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) taught you the method of tayammum.” So he placed both his palms on the ground, then blew on them, then wiped his blessed face with both of them, even wiping his beard, then placed both hands on the ground, wiped the earth with them, and rubbed one with the other. He wiped the outer and inner parts of his palm. In another narration, these words are mentioned: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) taught me how I should wipe. The narrator states: Then he placed both his palms on the ground, then raised them towards his blessed face, then struck again, then wiped the outer and inner parts of both hands, until he wiped his elbows with his hands.

Shaqiq (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: Once I was sitting with Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Mas'ud and Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with them both). Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Abu Abdur Rahman! What is your opinion if a person becomes junub and does not find water for a month, should he continue to perform tayammum?" Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "He will not perform tayammum, even if he does not find water for a month." Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Then what do you say about this verse of Surah Al-Ma'idah: 'If you do not find water, then perform tayammum with clean earth'?" Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If people are given this permission, soon they will start performing tayammum even when water feels cold to them." The narrator states: Sayyiduna Abu Musa asked: "Do you dislike it for this reason?" He replied: "Yes." Sayyiduna Abu Musa said: "Did you not hear what Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)?" He narrated: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent me on an errand. I became junub and did not find water. I rolled in the earth as an animal does. Then I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and mentioned this to him. He said: "It would have been sufficient for you to strike your hands on the earth, then wipe one with the other, then wipe your face with them." Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: "Did you not see that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was not satisfied with the statement of Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him)?" The words of Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) are: "Strike your hands on the earth, then wipe them, then wipe your face and both arms with them." Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Did you not see that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not suffice with the statement of Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him)?"

Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates regarding the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "In tayammum there are two strikes. One strike is for the blessed face and one is for wiping both arms up to the elbows." The narrator named Ali bin Zubyan has transmitted this as a marfu' (attributed to the Prophet) narration, while other people have transmitted it as mawquf (attributed to the Companion), and this is correct.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: “There are two strikes in tayammum. One strike is for the blessed face and one strike is for both arms up to the elbows (for wiping).”

Nafi' reports: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to perform tayammum up to the elbows.

Salim narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both): We performed tayammum with the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) during his blessed era. We would strike our hands on clean earth, then shake off our hands, and then wipe our blessed faces with it. Then we would strike our clean hands on the earth again, shake them off, and wipe our arms from the elbows to the palms, covering both the inner and outer parts up to the roots of the hair.

Salim narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both): We performed tayammum with the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) (i.e., during his time). In it, there were two strikes. One strike was for the blessed face and both palms, while the other strike was for both arms up to the elbows. Two narrators of this narration, Sulaiman bin Arqam and Sulaiman bin Abu Dawood, are weak.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding tayammum: "There will be two strikes in it. One strike will be for the face, and the second strike will be for the hands up to the elbows."

Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates this statement of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "In tayammum, one strike will be for the face, and one strike will be for the forearms up to the elbows." All its narrators are trustworthy; however, the correct view is that this narration is mawquf.

It is narrated about Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him): A man came and said, "I have become impure due to janabah, and I rolled in the soil." So he (Jabir) said, "Strike (your hand) on the ground." Then he struck his hand on the ground and wiped his face with both hands, then he struck his other hand on the ground and wiped his hands up to the elbows with it.

A narrator named Aban reports: Qatadah was asked about tayammum during travel, so he replied, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to narrate that it should be done up to the elbows. Hasan al-Basri and Ibrahim al-Nakha'i say: (wiping) should be done up to the elbows. Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated this: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Tayammum should be done up to the elbows." A narrator named Abu Ishaq reports: I mentioned this narration to Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him), and he liked this narration very much. He said: "How excellent is this narration."

Salim narrates about Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): When he performed tayammum, he would strike both hands on the ground. With his hands, he would wipe up to the elbows. He would not shake the dust off his hands.

Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: “(In tayammum) there will be two strikes. One strike will be for the face, and one strike will be for both arms.”

Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed him to perform tayammum on the face and both arms.

Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Tayammum is the name of striking (i.e., wiping) the face and both arms.”

It is narrated about Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him): A man came and said, "I have become junub (in a state of major ritual impurity) and I rolled in the soil." So he (Jabir) said, "Strike your hand on the ground." He struck his hand on the ground and then wiped his face with it, then again struck his hand on the ground and then wiped both his arms up to the elbows with both hands.

Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “In tayammum, there will be only one strike, which will be for the face and both arms.” The narrator named Ramadi reports: The narrator named Yazid reports: Whoever adopts this hadith, there is no harm in it.

Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates this statement of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "This is sufficient for you." Then the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his blessed hand on the earth, then blew on it, and with it wiped his face and both arms.

The same narration is also transmitted with another chain from Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Once, while on a journey, he became junub (in a state requiring ritual purification), so he rolled in the soil. When he presented himself before the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him about this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Ammar! It would have been sufficient for you to strike your hands on the soil, then blow on them, then wipe your face and your hands up to the wrists with both of them." This narration has been transmitted as a marfu' narration by the narrator named Ibrahim, while other narrators have transmitted it as a mawquf narration, and the hearing of hadiths by its narrator Abu Malik from Sayyiduna Ammar is questionable, because other narrators have transmitted from this Abu Malik from Ibn Abzi from Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him).

The narrator named Abu Malik reports: I heard Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) delivering a sermon in Kufa, and while mentioning tayammum, he explained: "In it, one should strike his hand on the earth once, and with it wipe his face and both arms."

Abu Malik narrates regarding Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him): He struck his palms on the earth, then blew on them, and wiped his face and wiped his arms up to the elbows, then Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Tayammum is done like this." The same narration is also transmitted with another chain as a marfu' hadith from Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him).

Imam Sha'bi narrates: It is obligatory to perform tayammum on the limb which is commanded to be washed. The limb which is not commanded to be washed should be omitted in tayammum.

Imam Sha'bi narrates: We have been commanded to perform tayammum on those limbs which we have been commanded to wash in (wudu).