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سنن دارمي
Darimi
من كتاب السيرFrom the Book of Expeditions
باب في صُلْحِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ:Chapter: The Prophet’s Treaty on the Day of Hudaybiyyah
Hadith 2543
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاق، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، قَالَ: اعْتَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ فَأَبَى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَنْ يَدَعُوهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى قَاضَاهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُقِيمَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَلَمَّا كَتَبُوا: هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالُوا: لأَنُقِرُّ بِهَذَا، لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، مَا مَنَعْنَاكَ شَيْئًا، وَلَكِنْ أَنْتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: "أَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ"، فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: "امْحُ: مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ"، فَقَالَ: لا وَاللَّهِ لا أَمْحُوهُ أَبَدًا . فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْكِتَابَ وَلَيْسَ يُحْسِنُ يَكْتُبُ، فَكَتَبَ مَكَانَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ بِسِلَاحٍ إِلا السَّيْفَ فِي الْقِرَابِ، وَأَنْ لَا يُخْرِجَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا أَحَدًا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُ، وَلا يَمْنَعَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِهَا . فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا وَمَضَى الأَجَلُ، أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا، فَقَالُوا: قُلْ لِصَاحِبِكَ فَلْيَخْرُجْ عَنَّا فَقَدْ مَضَى الْأَجَلُ.
Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) assumed Ihram for ‘Umrah in the month of Dhu al-Qa‘dah, but the people of Makkah did not allow him to enter Makkah. Eventually, a treaty was agreed upon that the following year he (peace and blessings be upon him) would stay in Makkah for three days. When the treaty was being written, it was written: “This is the treaty which Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), has made.” But the polytheists said: “We do not accept this. If we knew you were the Messenger of Allah, we would not stop you at all. You are only Muhammad, the son of ‘Abdullah.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I am the Messenger of Allah and I am Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah as well.” Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): “Erase the words ‘Messenger of Allah’.” He said: “No, by Allah, I will not erase it.” So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself took the document. He did not know how to write well, but he wrote in place of ‘Messenger of Allah’: “This is the document upon which Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah has agreed, on the condition that he will not enter Makkah with a sword unsheathed, and if any person from Makkah wishes to go with him, he will not take him along, but if any of his companions wishes to stay in Makkah, they will not prevent him.” When the following year the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to Makkah and the three days were completed, the polytheists of Makkah came to Sayyiduna ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: “Tell your companion that the period is over, so let him leave Makkah now.” … Thus, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) departed from there …
Brief Explanation
(Commentary on Hadiths 2541 to 2543)
Multiple issues are learned from this lengthy hadith.
Dhul-Qa'dah is among the months of Hajj, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out for 'umrah (lesser pilgrimage) in this very month.
It is understood from this that performing only 'umrah during the months of Hajj is permissible. Also, it is established that, in view of expediency, making peace with disbelievers is permissible, and Islam has given special instructions regarding peace because Islam is entirely a standard-bearer of peace and reconciliation; Islam has never favored fighting and conflict.
In the Noble Qur'an it is stated: « ﴿وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا﴾ [الأنفال : 61]» "If the enemy inclines towards peace, then you must also incline towards peace."
Furthermore, this Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was, outwardly, against the Muslims, and the conditions set by the polytheists were entirely inappropriate, but the Mercy to the Worlds (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), considering many benefits, accepted them. Thus, sometimes it becomes necessary, due to expediency, to make decisions even by yielding.
Sayyiduna 'Ali and Sayyiduna 'Umar (radi Allahu anhuma) were grieved for this very reason, and when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) asked them to erase "Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)," in the intensity of their emotions and fervor of faith, they said that they would not erase it. This was not disobedience.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) writing himself was also a miracle; otherwise, in reality, he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was the unlettered Prophet (nabi al-ummi), and he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had no connection with reading or writing. However, Allah, the Exalted, granted him (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) knowledge of the first and the last. And if this is not a miracle, then what is? For fifteen hundred years, it has been proclaimed: bring forth a single verse like it. Therefore, the unlettered nature of the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was a miracle; it is not disrespect to his status, but rather the very truth. Whoever denies the unlettered nature of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is mistaken.
The Divine command is: «﴿الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ .....﴾ [الأعراف : 157]» Translation: "They follow the unlettered (ummi, unlearned) Messenger, whose description they find written in the Torah and the Gospel..." After this verse, in another verse, it is stated: «﴿فَآمِنُوا بِاللّٰهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ .....﴾ [الأعراف : 158]» "So believe in Allah, the Exalted, and His unlettered Messenger..."
Multiple issues are learned from this lengthy hadith.
Dhul-Qa'dah is among the months of Hajj, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out for 'umrah (lesser pilgrimage) in this very month.
It is understood from this that performing only 'umrah during the months of Hajj is permissible. Also, it is established that, in view of expediency, making peace with disbelievers is permissible, and Islam has given special instructions regarding peace because Islam is entirely a standard-bearer of peace and reconciliation; Islam has never favored fighting and conflict.
In the Noble Qur'an it is stated: « ﴿وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا﴾ [الأنفال : 61]» "If the enemy inclines towards peace, then you must also incline towards peace."
Furthermore, this Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was, outwardly, against the Muslims, and the conditions set by the polytheists were entirely inappropriate, but the Mercy to the Worlds (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), considering many benefits, accepted them. Thus, sometimes it becomes necessary, due to expediency, to make decisions even by yielding.
Sayyiduna 'Ali and Sayyiduna 'Umar (radi Allahu anhuma) were grieved for this very reason, and when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) asked them to erase "Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)," in the intensity of their emotions and fervor of faith, they said that they would not erase it. This was not disobedience.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) writing himself was also a miracle; otherwise, in reality, he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was the unlettered Prophet (nabi al-ummi), and he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had no connection with reading or writing. However, Allah, the Exalted, granted him (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) knowledge of the first and the last. And if this is not a miracle, then what is? For fifteen hundred years, it has been proclaimed: bring forth a single verse like it. Therefore, the unlettered nature of the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was a miracle; it is not disrespect to his status, but rather the very truth. Whoever denies the unlettered nature of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is mistaken.
The Divine command is: «﴿الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ .....﴾ [الأعراف : 157]» Translation: "They follow the unlettered (ummi, unlearned) Messenger, whose description they find written in the Torah and the Gospel..." After this verse, in another verse, it is stated: «﴿فَآمِنُوا بِاللّٰهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ .....﴾ [الأعراف : 158]» "So believe in Allah, the Exalted, and His unlettered Messenger..."
