Ibn Shibab reported: 'Umar bin 'Abdul 'Aziz deferred the afternoon prayer somewhat and 'Urwa said to him: Gabriel (ؑ) came down and he led the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in prayer. 'Umar said to him: O 'Urwa, are you aware of what you are saying? Upon this he ('Urwa) said: I heard Bashir bin Abu Mas'ud say that he heard Abu Mas'ud say that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: Gabriel (ؑ) came down and acted as my Imam, then I prayed with him, then I prayed with him, then I prayed with him, then I prayed with him, then I prayed with him, reckoning with his fingers five times of prayer.

Ibn Shibab reported: Umar bin 'Abdul 'Aziz one day deferred the prayer. 'Urwa bin Zubair came to him and informed him that one day as Mughira bin Shu'bah was in Kufa (as its governor), he deferred the prayer, Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari came to him and said: What is this, O Mughira? Did you know that it was Gabriel (ؑ) who came and said prayer and (then) the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said the prayer (along with him), then ( Gabriel (ؑ)) prayed and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) also prayed, then ( Gabriel (ؑ)) prayed and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) also prayed, then ( Gabriel (ؑ)) prayed and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed (along with him). then Gabriel (ؑ) prayed and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) also prayed (along with him) and then said: This is how I have been ordered to do. 'Umar (b. 'Abdul 'Aziz) said. O 'Urwa be mindful of what you are saying that Gabriel (ؑ) (peace be upon him) taught the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) the times of prayer. Upon this 'Urwa said: This is how Bashir bin Abu Mas'ud narrated on the authority of his father and (also said): 'A'isha?, the wife of the Apostle (ﷺ) . narrated it to me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to say the afternoon prayer, when the light of the sun was there in her apartment before it went out (of it).

'A'isha, the wife of the Apostle (ﷺ) , said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said the afternoon prayer (at the time) when the sun shone in her apartment and its shadow did not extend beyond her apartment.

A'isha reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said the afternoon prayer (at a time) when the (light) of the sun was there in my apartment.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him) said: When it is very hot, say (the noon prayer) when the extreme heat passes away, for intensity of heat is from the exhalation of Hell.

Another hadith like this has been transmitted by Abu Hurairah (RA) .

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: When it is a hot day, (delay) the prayer till the extreme heat passes away, for the intensity of heat is from the exhalation of Hell.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The Fire made a complaint before the Lord saying." O Lord, some parts of mine have consumed the others." So it was allowed to take two exhalations, one exhalation in winter and the other exhalation in summer. That is why you find extreme heat (in summer) and extreme cold (in winter).

Anas bin Malik (RA) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray the afternoon prayer when the sun was high and bright, then one would go off to al-'Awali and get there while the sun was still high. Ibn Qutaiba made no mention of" one would go off to al-'Awali".

This hadith that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to offer the afternoon prayer like the one narrated above has been transmitted by Anas bin Malik (RA) by another chain of transmitters.

Anas bin Malik (RA) reported: We used to offer the 'Asr prayer, then one would go to Quba' and reach there and the sun would be still high.

This hadith has been narrated as Marfu by another chain of transmitters.

'Abdullah relates on the authority of his father. He who missed his afternoon prayer it is as though he was deprived of his family and property.

'A'isha. the wife of the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) , reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) deferred one night the 'Isha' prayer. And this is called 'Atama. And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not come out till Umar bin Khattab told (him) that the women and children had gone to sleep. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came out towards them and said to the people of the mosque: None except you from the people of the earth waits for it (for the night prayer at this late hour), and it was before Islam had spread amongst people. And in the narration transmitted by Ibn Shihab the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is reported to have said: It is not meant that you should compel the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for prayer. And (this he said) when 'Umar bin Khattab called (the Holy Prophet) in a loud voice.

A hadith like this has been narrated by Ibn Shihab with the same chain of transmitters, but therein no mention has been made of the words of al-Zuhri: It was narrated to me, and that which followed.

'A'isha reported: The believing women used to pray the morning prayer with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and then return wrapped in their mantles. No one could recognise them.

'A'isha, the wife of the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) , reported: The believing women observed the morning prayer with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) wrapped in their mantles. They then went back to their houses and were unrecognisable, because of the Messenger of Allah's (ﷺ) praying in the darkness before dawn.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Prayer said in a congregation is twenty-five degrees more excellent than prayer said by a single person.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying: Prayer said in a congregation is twenty-five degrees more excellent than prayer said by a single person. He ( Abu Hurairah (RA) further) said: The angels of the night and the angels of the day meet together. Abu Hurairah (RA) said: Recite it you like:" Surely the recital of the Qur'an at dawn is witnessed" (al-Qur'an, xvii. 78).

A hadith like this has been narrated by Abu Hurairah (RA) with another chain of transmitters with a very slight change of words.

Mahmud bin al-Rabi' reported that 'Ibn bin Malik, who was one of the Companions of the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) and who participated in the (Battle of) Badr and was among the Ansar (of Madinah), told that he came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: Messenger of Allah, I have lost my eyesight and I lead my people in prayer. When there is a downpour there is then a current (of water) in the valley that stands between me and them and I find it impossible to go to their mosque and lead them in prayer. Messenger of Allah, I earnestly beg of you that you should come and observe prayer at a place of worship (in my house) so that I should then use it as a place of worship. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Well, it God so wills I would soon do so. 'Itban said: On the following day when the day dawned, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him) came along with Abu Bakr (RA) at-Siddiq, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked permission (to get into the house). I gave him the permission, and he did not sit after entering the house, when he said: At what place in your house you desire me to say prayer? I ('Itban bin Malik) said: I pointed to a corner in the house, The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood (at that place for prayer) and pronounced Allah-o-Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) (as an expression for the commencement of prayer). We too stood behind him, and he said two rak'ahs and then pronounced salutation (marking the end of the prayer). We detained him (the Holy Prophet) for the meat curry we had prepared for him. The people of the neighbouring houses came and thus there was a good gathering in (our house). One of them said: Where is Malik bin Dukhshun? Upon this one of them remarked: He is a hypocrite; he does not love Allah and His Messenger. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Do not say so about him. Don't you see that he utters La ilaha ill-Allah (There is no god but Allah) and seeks the pleasure of Allah through it? They said: Allah and His Messenger know best. One (among the audience) said: We see his inclination and well wishing for hypocrites only. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) again said: Verily Allah has forbidden the Fire for one who says: There is no god but Allah, thereby seeking Allah's pleasure. Ibn Shihab said: I asked Husain bin Muhammad al-Ansar (he was one of the leaders of Banu Salim) about the hadith transmitted by Mahmud bin Rabi' and he testified it.

'Itban bin Malik reported: I came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the rest of the hadith is the same as narrated (above) except this that a man said: Where is Malik bin Dukhshun or Dukhaishin, and also made this addition that Mahmud said: I narrated this very hadith to many people and among them was Abu Ayyub al-Ansari who said: I cannot think that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) could have said so as you say. He (the narrator) said: I took an oath that if I ever go to 'Itban. I would ask him about it. So I went to him and found him to be a very aged man, having lost his eyesight, but he was the Imam of the people. I sat by his side and asked about this hadith and he narrated it in the same way as he had narrated it for the first time. Then so many other obligatory acts and commands were revealed which we see having been completed. So he who wants that he should not be deceived would not be deceived.

Mahmud b. Rabi' reported: I well remember the disgorge of the Messenger of Allah (صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) that he did (with water) from a bucket of our house. Mahmud said: 'Itban b. Malik narrated it to me that he had said: Messenger of Allah, I have lost my eyesight, and the rest of the hadith is the same up to these words:" He led us in two rak'ahs of prayer and we detained the Messenger of Allah (صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) for serving him the pudding that we had prepared for him," and no mention has been made of what follows next from the addition made by Yunus and Ma'mar.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Anyone amongst you who sat in a place of worship waiting for the prayer is in prayer and his ablution is not broken, the angels invoke blessing upon him (in these words): O Allah! pardon him. O Allah! have mercy upon him.

Abu Salama bin Abdul Rahman bin ' Auf (RA) heard Abu Hurairah (RA) say: (When) Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (wished to invoke curse or blessing on someone, he would do so at the end) of the recitation in the dawn prayer, when he had pronounced Allah-o-Akbar (for bending) and then lifted his head (saying): "Allah listened to him who praised Him; our Lord! to Thee is all praise" ; he would then stand up and say: "Rescue al-Walid bin Walid, Salama bin Hisham, and 'Ayyash bin Abd Rabi'a, and the helpless among the Muslims. O Allah! trample severely Mudar and cause them a famine (which broke out at the time) of Joseph. O Allah! curse Lihyan, Ri'l, Dhakwan, 'Usayya, for they disobeyed Allah and His Messenger." (The narrator then adds): The news reached us that he abandoned (this) when this verse was revealed: "Thou but no concern in the matter whether He turns to them (mercifully) or chastises them; surely they are wrongdoers" (III 128)

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) returned from the expedition to Khaibar, he traveled one night, and stopped for rest when he became sleepy. He told Bilal (RA) to remain on guard during the night and he ( Bilal (RA) ) prayed as much as he could, while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and his Companions slept. When the time for dawn approached Bilal (RA) leaned against his camel facing the direction from which the dawn would appear but he was overcome by sleep while he was leaning against his camel, and neither the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) nor Bilal (RA) , nor anyone else among his Companions got up, till the sun shone on them. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was the first of them to awake and, being startled, he called to Bilal (RA) who said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) I may my father and mother be offered as ransom for thee, the same thing overpowered me which overpowered you. He (the Holy Prophet, then) said: Lead the beasts on: so they led their camels to some distance. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then performed ablution and gave orders to Bilal (RA) who pronounced when he hears the Iqamah and then led them in the morning prayer. When he finished the prayer he said: When anyone forgets the prayer, he should observe it when he remembers it, for Allah has said: "And observe the prayer for remembrance of Me" (Qur'an. xx. 14). Yunus said: Ibn Shilab used to recite it like this :"(And observe the prayer) for remembrance."

'A'isha, the wife of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) , said Allah prescribed the prayer as two rak'ahs, then it was completed (to four rak'ahs) at the place of residence, but was retained in the same position in journey as it was first made obligatory.

'A'isha reported: The prayer was prescribed as consisting of two rak'ahs, the prayer in travelling remained the same, but the prayer at the place of residence was completed. (Zuhri said he asked 'Urwa why 'A'isha said prayer in the complete form during journey, and he replied that she interpreted the matter herself as 'Uthman did.)

Salim bin 'Abdullah (b. 'Umar) reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) observed the prayer of a traveller, i. e. two rak'ahs in Mina, and other places; so did Abu Bakr (RA) and 'Umar, and 'Uthman too observed two rak'ahs at the beginning of his caliphate, but he then completed four.

A hadith like this has been reported by Zuhri, with the same chain of transmitters, and in it mention was made of Mina only, but not of other places.

Salim bin 'Abdullah reported on the authority of his father that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace be. upon him) used to observe Nafl (supererogatory) prayer on his ride no matter in what direction it turned its face, and he observed Witr too on it, but did not observe obligatory prayer on it.

'Abdullah bin 'Amir bin Rabi'a has reported on the authority of his father that he had seen the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observing Nafl player at night on a journey on the back of his ride in whichever direction it turned its face.

Salim reported from his father to be saying: I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) combining the sunset and Isha' prayers when he was in a hurry on a journey.

Salim bin 'Abdullah reported that his father had said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) delaying the sunset prayer till he would combine it with the 'Isha' when he hastened to set out on a journey.

Anas bin Malik (RA) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set out on a journey before the sun declined (from the meridian), he delayed the noon prayer till the afternoon prayer, and then dismounted (his ride) and combined them (noon and afternoon prayers), but if the sun had declined before his setting out on a journey, he observed the noon prayer and then mounted (the ride).

Anas reported: When the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) intended to combine two prayers on a journey, he delayed the noon prayer till came the early time of the afternoon prayer, and then combined the two.

Anas reported that when the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) had to set out on a journey hurriedly, he delayed the noon prayer to the earlier time for the afternoon prayer, and then he would combine them, and he would delay the sunset prayer to the time when the twilight would disappear and then combine it with the 'Isha' prayer.

Ka'b bin Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not come back from the journey but by day in the forenoon, and when he arrived, he went first to the mosque, and having prayed two rak'ahs in it he sat down in it.

'Urwa reported 'A'isha to be saying: I have never seen the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observing the supererogatory prayer of the forenoon, but I observed it. And if the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) abandoned any act which he in fact loved to do, it was out of fear that if the people practiced it constantly, it might become obligatory for them.

'Abdullah bin Harith bin Naufal reported: I had been asking about, as I was desirous to find one among people who should inform me, whether the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observed the forenoon prayer, but I found none to narrate that to me except Umm Hani, daughter of Abu Talib (the real sister of Hadrat 'Ali), who told me that on the day of the Conquest the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came (to our house) after the dawn had (sufficiently) arisen. A cloth was brought and privacy was provided for him (the Holy Prophet). He took a bath and then stood up and observed eight rak'ahs. I do not know whether his Qiyam (standing posture) was longer, or bending or prostration or all of them were of equal duration. She (Umm Hani) further said: I never saw him saying this Nafl prayer prior to it or subsequently. (Al-Muradi narrated on the authority of Yunus that he made no mention of the words: "He informed me." )