Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that when the body of a dead person having burden of debt upon him was brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he would ask whether he had left property enough to clear off his debt, and if the property left had been sufficient for that (purpose), he observed funeral prayer for him, otherwise he said (to his companions): You observe prayer for your companion. But when Allah opened the gateways of victory for him, he said: I am nearer to the believers than themselves, so if anyone dies leaving a debt, its payment is my responsibility, and if anyone leaves a property, it goes to his heirs.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of al-Zuhri through another chain of transmitters.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Shu'bah with the same chain of transmitters

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Malik bin Anas with the same chain of transmitters but with this addition: "Don't buy that even if he gives you for one dirham."

Ibn 'Umar (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: It is the duty of a Muslim who has something which is to be given as a bequest not to have it for two nights without having his will written down regarding it.

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Nafi', who based his narrations of the words of Ibn 'Umar but with a slight variation of words.

Mus'ab bin Sa'd reported on the authority of his father. I was ailing. I sent message to Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) saying: Permit me to give away my property as I like. He refused. I (again) said: (Permit me) to give away half. He (again refused). I (again said): Then one-third. He (the Holy Prophet) observed silence after (I had asked permission to give away) one-third. He (the narrater) said: It was then that endowment of one-third became permissible.

A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that a man said to Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) : My mother died all of a sudden, and I think if she (could have the opportunity) to speak she would have (made a will) regarding Sadaqa'. Will I be entitled to reward if I give charity on her behalf? He (the Holy Prophet) said: Yes.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of A'mash with the same chain of transmitters.

'Abdullah bin 'Umar (RA) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) singled out one day forbidding us to take vows and said: It would not avert anything; it is by which something is extracted from the miserly person.

Imran bin Husain reported that the tribe of Thaqif was the ally of Banu 'Uqail. Thaqif took two persons from amongst the Companions of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as prisoners. The Campanions of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) took one person at Banu Uqail as prisoner, and captured al-'Adbi (the she-camel of the Holy Prophet) along with him. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came to him and he was tied with ropes. He said: Muhammad. He came near him and said: What is the matter with you? Thereupon he (the prisoner) said: Why have you taken me as prisoner and why have you caught hold of one proceeding the pilgrims (the she-camel as she carried the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) on her back and walked ahead of the multitude)? He (the Holy Prophet) said: (Yours is a great fault). I (my men) have caught hold of you for the crime of your allies, Banu Thaqif. He (the Holy Prophet) then turned away. He again called him and said: Muhammad, Muhammad, and since Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was very compassionate, and tenderhearted, he returned to him, and said: What is the matter with you? He said: I am a Muslim, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Had you said this when you had been the master of yourself, you would have gained every success. He then turned away. He (the prisoner) called him again saying: Muhammad, Muhammad. He came to him and said: What is the matter with you? He said: I am hungry, feed me, and I am thirsty, so provide me with drink. He (the Holy Prophet) said: That is (to satisfy) your want. He was then ransomed for two persons (who had been taken prisoner by Thaqif). He (the narrator) said: A woman of the Ansar had been taken prisoner and also al-Adbi' was caught. The woman had been tied with ropes. The people were giving rest to their animals before their houses. She escaped one night from the bondage and came to the camels. As she drew near the camels, they fretted and fumed and so she left them until she came to al-, Adbi'. It did not fret and fume; it was docile She rode upon its back and drove it away and she went off. When they (the enemies of Islam) were warned of this, they went in search of it, but it (the she-camel) exhausted them. She (the woman) took vow for Allah, that in case He would save her through it, she would offer that as a sacrifice. As she reached Madinah, the people saw her and they said: Here is al-Adbi, the she-camel of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) . She (the woman) said that she had taken a vow that if Allah would save her on its back, she would sacrifice it. They (the Prophet's Companions) came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and made a mention of that to him, whereupon he said: Hallowed be Allah, how ill she rewarded it that she took vow to Allah that if He saves her on its back, she would sacrifice it! There is no fulfilment of the vow in an act of disobedience, nor in an act over which a person has no control. In the version of Ibn Hujr (the words are): "There is no vow in disobedience to Allah."

Salim reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) heard 'Umar while he was taking oath by his father. The rest of the hadith is the same.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: A person sat late in the night with Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) , and then came to his family and found that his children had gone to sleep. His wife brought food for him, but he took an oath that he would not eat because of his children (having gone to sleep without food) He then gave precedence (of breaking the vow and then expiating it) and ate the food. He then came to Allah s Messenger (ﷺ) and made mention of that to him, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) said: He who took an oath and (later on) found something better than that should do that, and expiate for (breaking) his vow.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: He who took an oath and (later on) found another thing better than that, he should do that which is better, and expiate for the vow (broken by him).

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying that Sulaiman bin Dawud (once) said: I will go round in the night to my ninety wives, and every one of them will give birth to a child (who will grow up) as a horseman and fight in the cause of Allah His companions said to him: Say "Insha' Allah." but he did not say Insha' Allah. He went round all of them but none of them became pregnant but one, and she gave birth to a premature child. And by Him in Whose hand is the life of Muhammad, if he had said Insha' Allah (his wives would have given birth to the children who would all have grown up into horsemen and fought in the way of Allah).

Book 015, Number 4072: Ibn 'Umar reported that Umar (b. Khattab) said: Messenger of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of Ignorance (Jahiliyya) that I would observe I'tikaf for a night in the Sacred Mosque. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Fulfil your vow.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of A'mash but with this variation of words: "There fell from my hand the whip on account of his (the Prophet's) awe."

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Ghazwan (and the words are): "I heard Abu'l-Qasim (ﷺ) as the Prophet (ﷺ) of repentance."

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar through another chain of transmitters.

This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Tahir but with a slight variation of words.

The above hadith has been reported through another chain of transmitters on the authority of Abu Huraira.

This hadith has been narrated through another chain of transmitters with a slight variation of words.

'Imran bin Husain reported that a person who had no other property emancipated six slaves of his at the time of his death. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) called for them and divided them into three sections, cast lots amongst them, and set two free and kept four in slavery; and he (the Holy Prophet) spoke severely of him.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar through some other chains of transmitters but with a slight variation of words.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters.

Ibn 'Umar (RA) reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stoned to death the Jews, both male and female, who had committed adultery. The Jews brought them to Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him). The rest of the hadith is the same.

Husain bin al-Mundhir Abu Sasan reported: I saw that Walid was brought to Uthmin bin 'Affan as he had prayed two rak'ahs of the dawn prayer, and then he said: I make an increase for you. And two men bore witness against him. One of them was Humran who said that he had drunk wine. The second one gave witness that he had seen him vomiting. 'Uthman said: He would not have vomited (wine) unless he had drunk it. He said: 'Ali, stand up and lash him. 'Ali said: Hasan, stand up and lash him. Thereupon Hasan said: Let him suffer the heat (of Caliphate) who has enjoyed its coolness. ('Ali felt annoyed at this remark) and he said: 'Abdullah bin Ja'far, stand up and flog him, and he began to flog him and 'Ali counted the stripes until these were forty. He (Hadrat 'Ali) said: Stop now, and then said: Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) gave forty stripes, and Abu Bakr (RA) also gave forty stripes, and Umar gave eighty stripes, and all these fall under the category of the Sunnah, but this one (forty stripes) is dearer to me.

A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of Zuhri.

A'isha reported that Hind, daughter of Utba h. Rabi', came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said: Allah's Messenger, by Allah, there was no household upon the surface of the earth than your household about which I cherished that it should be disgraced. But today there is no household on the surface of the earth than your household about which I cherish that it be honoured. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said. It will increase, by Him in Whose Hand is my life. She then said: Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan (RA) is a niggardly person; is there any harm for me if I spend out of that which belongs to him on our children? He said to her: No, but only that what is reasonable.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Verily Allah likes three things for you and He disapproves three things for you. He is pleased with you that you worship Him and associate not anything with Him, that you hold fast the rope of Allah, and be not scattered; and He disapproves for you irrelevant talk, persistent questioning and the wasting of wealth.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying: While two women had been going along with their two sons, a wolf came and made away with the child of one of them. One of them said to her companion: It is with your child that it (the wolf) has run away. The other one said: It has run away with your child. They brought the matter to (Hadrat) Dawud ؑ (David) for decision and he made a decision in favour of the elder one. They then went to Sulaiman bin Dawud (may there be peace upon both of them) and told them (the story). He said: Bring me a knife so that I may cut him (the child) (into two parts) for you. The younger one said: No, it can't be, may Allah have mercy upon you, he (the child) belongs to her (the elder). So he gave a decision in favour of the younger one. Abu Hurairah (RA) said: If ever I heard of the word as-sikin at all, it was that day. We called it by no other name but al-Mudya.

This hadith has been narrated through another chain of transmitters with a slight variation of words.

It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: When Allah will gather together, on the Day of Judgment, all the earlier and later generations of mankind, a flag will be raised (to mark off) every person guilty of breach of faith, and it will be announced that this is the perfidy of so and so, son of so and so (to attract the attention of people to his guilt).

It is narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: On the Day of Judgment there will be a flag for every person guilty of the breach of faith. It will be raised in proportion to the extent of his guilt; and there is no guilt of treachery more serious than the one committed by the ruler of men.

It is narrated on the authority of Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: War is a stratagem.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ubaidullah with the same chain of transmitters.

It has been narrated on the authority of Auf bin Malik al-Ashja (RA) 'i who said: I joined the expedition that marched under Zaid bin Haritha to Muta, and I received reinformcement from the Yemen. (After this introduction), the narrator narrated the tradition that had gone before except that in his version Auf was reported to have said (to Khalid): Khalid, didn't you know that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (way peace be upon him) had decided In favour of giving the booty (sized from an enemy) to one who killed him? He (Khalid) said: Yes. but I thought it was too much.

It has been reported by Salama bin al-Akwa': We fought the Battle of Hawazin along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) . (One day) when we were having our breakfast with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him), a man came riding a red camel. He made it kneel down, extracted a strip of leather from its girth and tethered the camel with it. Then he began to take food with the people and look (curiously around). We were in a poor condition as some of us were on foot (being without any riding animals). All of a sudden, he left us hurriedy, came to his camel, untethered it, made it kneel down, mounted it and urged the beast which ran off with him. A man on a brown rhe-camel chased him (taking him for a spy). Salama (the narrator) said: I followed on foot. I ran on until I was near the thigh of the she-camel. I advanced further until I was near the haunches of the camel. I advanced still further until I caught hold of the nosestring of the camel. I made it kneel down. As soon as it placed its knee on the ground, I drew my sword and struck at the head, of the rider who fell down. I brought the camel driving it along with the man's baggage and weapons. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came forward to meet me and the people were with him. He asked: Who has killed the man? The people said: Ibn Akwa'. He said: Everything of the man is for him (Ibn Akwa').

It has been narrated on the authority of Salama (b. al-Akwa') who said: We fought against the Fazara and Abu Bakr (RA) was the commander over us. He had been appointed by the Messenger oi Allah (ﷺ) . When we were only at an hour's distance from the water of the enemy, Abu Bakr (RA) ordered us to attack. We made a halt during the last part of the night to rest and then we attacked from all sides and reached their watering-place where a battle was fought. Some of the enemies were killed and some were taken prisoners. I saw a group of persons that consisted of women and children. I was afraid lest they should reach the mountain before me, so I shot an arrow between them and the mountain. When they saw the arrow, they stopped. So I brought them, driving them along. Among them was a woman from Banu Fazara. She was wearing a leather coat. With her was her daughter who was one of the prettiest girls in Arabia. I drove them along until I brought them to Abu Bakr (RA) who bestowed that girl upon me as a prize. So we arrived in Madinah. I had not yet disrobed her when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) met me in the street and said: Give me that girl, O Salama. I said: Messenger of Allah, she has fascinated me. I had not yet disrobed her. When on the next day the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) again met me in the street, he said: O Salama, give me that girl, may God bless your father. I said: She is for you. Messenger of Allah! (ﷺ) By Allah, I have not yet disrobed her. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent her to the people of Makkah, and surrendered her as ransom for a number of Muslims who had been kept as prisoners at Makkah.

It has been narrated by 'Urwa b Zubair on the authority of 'A'isha, wife of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) , that Fatima, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) , requested Abu Bakr, after the death of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him), that he should set apart her share from what the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had left from the properties that God had bestowed upon him. Abu Bakr (RA) said to her: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace be npon him) said: "We do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is Sadaqa (charity)." The narrator said: She (Fatima) lived six months after the death of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and she used to demand from Abu Bakr (RA) her share from the legacy of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) from Khaibar, Fadak and his charitable endowments at Madinah. Abu Bakr (RA) refused to give her this, and said: I am not going to give up doing anything which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to do. I am afraid that if I go against his instructions in any matter I shall deviate from the right course. So far as the charitable endowments at Madinah were concerned, 'Umar handed them over to 'Ali and Abbas, but 'Ali got the better of him (and kept the property under his exclusive possession). And as far as Khaibar and Fadak were concerned 'Umar kept them with him, and said: These are the endowments of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to the Umma. Their income was spent on the discharge of the responsibilities that devolved upon him on the emergencies he had to meet. And their management was to be in the hands of one who managed the affairs (of the Islamic State). The narrator said: They have been managed as such up to this day.