صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب فضائل الصحابةThe Book of the Merits of the Companions
باب مِنْ فَضَائِلِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ:Chapter: The Virtues Of Abu Dharr (RA)
وحَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ السَّامِيُّ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ ، وَتَقَارَبَا فِي سِيَاقِ الْحَدِيثِ ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ حَاتِمٍ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي جَمْرَةَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : " لَمَّا بَلَغَ أَبَا ذَرٍّ مَبْعَثُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَكَّةَ ، قَالَ لِأَخِيهِ : ارْكَبْ إِلَى هَذَا الْوَادِي فَاعْلَمْ لِي عِلْمَ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ يَأْتِيهِ الْخَبَرُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ، فَاسْمَعْ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ، ثُمَّ ائْتِنِي فَانْطَلَقَ الْآخَرُ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ وَسَمِعَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ ، فَقَالَ : رَأَيْتُهُ يَأْمُرُ بِمَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ ، وَكَلَامًا مَا هُوَ بِالشِّعْرِ ، فَقَالَ : مَا شَفَيْتَنِي فِيمَا أَرَدْتُ فَتَزَوَّدَ ، وَحَمَلَ شَنَّةً لَهُ فِيهَا مَاءٌ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ ، فَأَتَى الْمَسْجِدَ فَالْتَمَسَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا يَعْرِفُهُ ، وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنْهُ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ يَعْنِي اللَّيْلَ ، فَاضْطَجَعَ فَرَآهُ عَلِيٌّ فَعَرَفَ أَنَّهُ غَرِيبٌ ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ تَبِعَهُ ، فَلَمْ يَسْأَلْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ ثُمَّ احْتَمَلَ قِرْبَتَهُ ، وَزَادَهُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ، فَظَلَّ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَلَا يَرَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى أَمْسَى ، فَعَادَ إِلَى مَضْجَعِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ ، فَقَالَ : مَا أَنَى لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ مَنْزِلَهُ ، فَأَقَامَهُ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ مَعَهُ ، وَلَا يَسْأَلُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الثَّالِثِ ، فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَقَامَهُ عَلِيٌّ مَعَهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ : أَلَا تُحَدِّثُنِي مَا الَّذِي أَقْدَمَكَ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ ، قَالَ : إِنْ أَعْطَيْتَنِي عَهْدًا وَمِيثَاقًا لَتُرْشِدَنِّي ؟ فَعَلْتُ فَفَعَلَ ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ ، فَقَالَ : فَإِنَّهُ حَقٌّ وَهُوَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَإِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ فَاتَّبِعْنِي ، فَإِنِّي إِنْ رَأَيْتُ شَيْئًا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ قُمْتُ كَأَنِّي أُرِيقُ الْمَاءَ ، فَإِنْ مَضَيْتُ فَاتَّبِعْنِي ، حَتَّى تَدْخُلَ مَدْخَلِي ، فَفَعَلَ فَانْطَلَقَ يَقْفُوهُ ، حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ ، فَسَمِعَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ، وَأَسْلَمَ مَكَانَهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ارْجِعْ إِلَى قَوْمِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَكَ أَمْرِي ، فَقَالَ : وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ، لَأَصْرُخَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ ، فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَسْجِدَ ، فَنَادَى بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَثَارَ الْقَوْمُ ، فَضَرَبُوهُ حَتَّى أَضْجَعُوهُ ، فَأَتَى الْعَبَّاسُ فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : وَيْلَكُمْ أَلَسْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ غِفَارٍ ، وَأَنَّ طَرِيقَ تُجَّارِكُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَأَنْقَذَهُ مِنْهُمْ ، ثُمَّ عَادَ مِنَ الْغَدِ بِمِثْلِهَا وَثَارُوا إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبُوهُ ، فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبَّاسُ فَأَنْقَذَهُ " .
Ibn 'Abbas reported that when Abu Dharr (RA) heard of the advent of the Apostle (ﷺ) in Makkah he said: Brother, ride in this valley and bring information for me about the person who claims that there comes to him information from the Heavens. Listen to his words and then come to me. So he rode on until he came to Makkah and he heard his words (the sacred words of the Holy Prophet) and then came back to Abu Dharr (RA) and said: I have seen him exhorting (people) to develop good morals and his expressions can in no way be termed as poetry. He (Abu Dharr) said: I have not been satisfied with it regarding that which I had in my mind (as I sent you). So he took up provisions for the journey and a small water-skin con- taining water (and set forth) until he came to Makkah. He came to the mosque (Ka’bah) and began to find out Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) and he did not re- cognise him (the Holy Prophet) and he did not even like that he should ask about him from anyone until it was night, and he slept. 'All saw him and found him to be a stranger. So he went with him. He followed hive but one did not make any inquiry from the other about anything until it was morning. He then brought the water and his provisions to the mosque and spent a day there, but he did not see Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) until it was night. He then returned to his bed that there happened to pass 'Ali and he said: This man has not been able to find his destination until this time. He made him stand and he went with him and no one made an in- quiry from his companion about anything. And when it was the third day he did the same. 'Ali made him stand up and brought him along with him. He said: By Him, besides Whom there is no god, why don't you tell me (the reason) which brought you here to this town? He said: (I shall do this) provided you hold me promise and a covenant that you would guide me aright. He then did that. He ('Ali) said: Verily, he Is truthful and he is a Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and when it is morning, follow me and if I would say anything from which I would sense fear about you I would stand (in a manner) as if I was throwing water and if I move on, you then follow me until I get in (some house). He did that and I followed him until he came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) . He entered (the house) of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) along with him and listened to his words and embraced Islam at his very place. Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) said to him: Go to your people and inform them until my command reaches you. Thereupon he said: By Him in Whose Hand is my life, I shall say to the people of Makkah this thing at the top of my voice So he set forth until he came to the mosque and then spoke at the top of his voice (saying): I bear testimony to the fact that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. The people attacked him and made him fall down when 'Abbas came and he leaned over him and said: Woe be upon you, don't you know that he is from amongst the tribe of Ghifar and your trad- ing route to Syria passes through (the settlements of this tribe), and he rescued him. He (Abu Dharr) did the same on the next day and they (the Makkahns) again attacked him and Abbas leaned upon him and he rescued him.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
"Mashfaitani fima aradt":
You have not brought me the information I desired in a satisfactory manner.
(2)
"Hamala shinna":
He took a water-skin (mashkiza) and provisions for the journey with him,
but these things ran out on the way,
so in Makkah he survived only on Zamzam water.
(3)
"Ma ani lir-rajuli an ya‘lama manzilah":
That the time has not yet come for this man to find his place,
meaning he has not yet found a place to stay in Makkah,
or, the place where I had him stay yesterday,
he did not recognize it, so today he went elsewhere.
(4)
"Ka’anni uriq al-ma’": As if I am pouring water,
meaning urinating, and in some narrations it is mentioned.
(5)
"Fa inni aslihu na‘li":
As if I am fixing my sandal.
Benefits and Issues:
The incident of Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu embracing faith is narrated by Abdullah bin Samit and Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma from Abu Dharr himself, and there are some differences in the details between the two.
The main incident appears to be that Abu Dharr set out from his place of residence with provisions and a water-skin,
which ran out by the time he reached Makkah. He considered a man to be weak and feeble,
and when he asked about you (the Prophet), that man, contrary to expectations, incited people against him.
After that, he did not ask anyone else,
and thus several days passed while he survived on Zamzam water.
Eventually, Ali radi Allahu anhu himself asked him the purpose of his coming, and Abu Dharr, fearing the previous incident, said,
"If you firmly promise to guide me, then I will tell you the purpose of my arrival."
In this way, he embraced Islam, and at night when he went out for tawaf (circumambulation), the incident with the women occurred, and the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and Abu Bakr also came for tawaf, so he recognized them.
Therefore, he greeted you according to the Islamic manner and addressed you as the Messenger of Allah,
and you asked Abu Dharr about his circumstances. After this, Abu Dharr stayed in Makkah for a few days, and Abbas also became acquainted with him.
Then, when he came to take leave from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, you advised him to return to his people from a nearby area of Makkah and to preach Islam to them, and also informed him,
"I too will soon migrate and come to Madinah Munawwarah." So, on his return, Abu Dharr announced his acceptance of Islam, and again the polytheists of Makkah beat him,
from which Abbas rescued him, and he returned to his brother and mother,
preached Islam to both of them,
and they became Muslim. Then he took them to his tribe,
preached Islam to them,
half the tribe became Muslim, and the other half embraced Islam after your migration, and these people became completely Muslim after the Battle of Badr,
because some historical narrations indicate that Iman Rahdhat was included among the polytheists of Makkah in the Battle of Badr,
(Al-Isabah, vol. 1, p. 301,
Takmilah, vol. 5, p. 219)
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
"Mashfaitani fima aradt":
You have not brought me the information I desired in a satisfactory manner.
(2)
"Hamala shinna":
He took a water-skin (mashkiza) and provisions for the journey with him,
but these things ran out on the way,
so in Makkah he survived only on Zamzam water.
(3)
"Ma ani lir-rajuli an ya‘lama manzilah":
That the time has not yet come for this man to find his place,
meaning he has not yet found a place to stay in Makkah,
or, the place where I had him stay yesterday,
he did not recognize it, so today he went elsewhere.
(4)
"Ka’anni uriq al-ma’": As if I am pouring water,
meaning urinating, and in some narrations it is mentioned.
(5)
"Fa inni aslihu na‘li":
As if I am fixing my sandal.
Benefits and Issues:
The incident of Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu embracing faith is narrated by Abdullah bin Samit and Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma from Abu Dharr himself, and there are some differences in the details between the two.
The main incident appears to be that Abu Dharr set out from his place of residence with provisions and a water-skin,
which ran out by the time he reached Makkah. He considered a man to be weak and feeble,
and when he asked about you (the Prophet), that man, contrary to expectations, incited people against him.
After that, he did not ask anyone else,
and thus several days passed while he survived on Zamzam water.
Eventually, Ali radi Allahu anhu himself asked him the purpose of his coming, and Abu Dharr, fearing the previous incident, said,
"If you firmly promise to guide me, then I will tell you the purpose of my arrival."
In this way, he embraced Islam, and at night when he went out for tawaf (circumambulation), the incident with the women occurred, and the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and Abu Bakr also came for tawaf, so he recognized them.
Therefore, he greeted you according to the Islamic manner and addressed you as the Messenger of Allah,
and you asked Abu Dharr about his circumstances. After this, Abu Dharr stayed in Makkah for a few days, and Abbas also became acquainted with him.
Then, when he came to take leave from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, you advised him to return to his people from a nearby area of Makkah and to preach Islam to them, and also informed him,
"I too will soon migrate and come to Madinah Munawwarah." So, on his return, Abu Dharr announced his acceptance of Islam, and again the polytheists of Makkah beat him,
from which Abbas rescued him, and he returned to his brother and mother,
preached Islam to both of them,
and they became Muslim. Then he took them to his tribe,
preached Islam to them,
half the tribe became Muslim, and the other half embraced Islam after your migration, and these people became completely Muslim after the Battle of Badr,
because some historical narrations indicate that Iman Rahdhat was included among the polytheists of Makkah in the Battle of Badr,
(Al-Isabah, vol. 1, p. 301,
Takmilah, vol. 5, p. 219)
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 6362
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (radi Allahu anhu) was among the eminent ascetic Emigrants (Muhajirun). His name was Jundub. In the sacred city of Makkah, he was the fifth person to embrace Islam. Afterwards, he returned to his tribe and remained there for a long period. On the occasion of the Battle of Khandaq, he came to the service of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in Madinah al-Tayyibah, and then resided in the place called Rabadhah. He passed away in Rabadhah itself in the year 32 AH during the caliphate of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu). Even before the advent of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), he used to engage in worship.
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (radi Allahu anhu) was among the eminent ascetic Emigrants (Muhajirun). His name was Jundub. In the sacred city of Makkah, he was the fifth person to embrace Islam. Afterwards, he returned to his tribe and remained there for a long period. On the occasion of the Battle of Khandaq, he came to the service of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in Madinah al-Tayyibah, and then resided in the place called Rabadhah. He passed away in Rabadhah itself in the year 32 AH during the caliphate of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu). Even before the advent of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), he used to engage in worship.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 3861
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
The name of Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu is Jundub.
He was among the first to embrace Islam and endured hardships; then he went to his tribe and remained there for a long time.
On the occasion of the Battle of the Trench (Ghazwah Khandaq), he presented himself in the service of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
He was of high rank, an ascetic, and among the noble Emigrants (Muhajirun).
He spent the last days of his life at the place called Rabadhah.
He passed away during the caliphate of Uthman radi Allahu anhu.
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhu led his funeral prayer.
➋
When he went to Makkah Mukarramah to gather information, he did not reveal his purpose to anyone, because in that case the polytheists (mushrikun) would become even bolder in causing harm.
They did not want the religion of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam to become manifest, so if anyone asked the polytheists about the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, they would not inform him.
They would prevent people from going to him or would deceive them so that they would turn back.
➌
From some narrations, it is known that Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu met Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu at night during the circumambulation (tawaf).
There is no contradiction or opposition in these narrations.
It is possible that Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu first met Ali radi Allahu anhu, then at night during the circumambulation met Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu.
(Fath al-Bari: 7/220.)
And Allah knows best.
For further benefits of this hadith, see Hadith: 3522.
➊
The name of Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu is Jundub.
He was among the first to embrace Islam and endured hardships; then he went to his tribe and remained there for a long time.
On the occasion of the Battle of the Trench (Ghazwah Khandaq), he presented himself in the service of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
He was of high rank, an ascetic, and among the noble Emigrants (Muhajirun).
He spent the last days of his life at the place called Rabadhah.
He passed away during the caliphate of Uthman radi Allahu anhu.
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhu led his funeral prayer.
➋
When he went to Makkah Mukarramah to gather information, he did not reveal his purpose to anyone, because in that case the polytheists (mushrikun) would become even bolder in causing harm.
They did not want the religion of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam to become manifest, so if anyone asked the polytheists about the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, they would not inform him.
They would prevent people from going to him or would deceive them so that they would turn back.
➌
From some narrations, it is known that Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu met Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu at night during the circumambulation (tawaf).
There is no contradiction or opposition in these narrations.
It is possible that Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu first met Ali radi Allahu anhu, then at night during the circumambulation met Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu.
(Fath al-Bari: 7/220.)
And Allah knows best.
For further benefits of this hadith, see Hadith: 3522.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 3861
