Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah

Hazrat Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) and Hazrat Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), both state that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite "La ilaha illallah" (There is no god but Allah). So when they recite this statement, they have protected their wealth and their lives, and their reckoning is with Allah.

Hazrat Tariq (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that I heard the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: Whoever declared the oneness of Allah and rejected those who are worshipped besides Allah, then his wealth and his life became inviolable, and his reckoning is with Allah.

Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us towards the tribe of Juhaina. So we reached that people in the morning, and they became alert to us. The narrator says: We pursued those people and I caught hold of one man among them. As soon as I met him, he recited the Kalima "La ilaha illallah" (There is no god but Allah). I thought that he had recited this Kalima out of fear. So I attacked him and killed him. Then this matter weighed on my heart, so I mentioned it before the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Upon this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: He recited "La ilaha illallah" and yet you killed him?! I said: O Messenger of Allah! He did not recite this Kalima from his heart, rather he recited it out of fear of the weapon! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: He recited the Kalima "La ilaha illallah." Then you killed him. Why did you not tear open his heart, until you knew whether he recited this Kalima out of fear of the weapon?! Hazrat Usama (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept repeating to me, "He recited the Kalima 'La ilaha illallah' and yet you killed him!" until I wished that I had not accepted Islam except on that very day!

Hazrat Usama (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us with the army. Then the narrator narrated the aforementioned hadith.

Hazrat Uwais (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was advising and admonishing us. Suddenly, a man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him something. Upon this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Go and kill him. When that man turned to leave, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called him back and asked: Do you bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah? He replied: Yes! The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Go, leave his way clear, for I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite the statement "There is no deity except Allah." And when they do so, their lives and their wealth become forbidden for me.

Hazrat Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite the declaration "There is no god but Allah." When they recite "There is no god but Allah," they have protected their lives and their wealth from me, except for the right of Allah. And their reckoning is with Allah. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse: So you (O Prophet) are only a warner, and you are not a compeller over them.

Hazrat Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been commanded to fight the people until they say La ilaha illallah (there is no god but Allah). When they say La ilaha illallah, their lives and their wealth become protected from me except for a right of Islam, and their reckoning is with Allah.

Hazrat Saeed bin Jubair (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Hazrat Miqdad bin Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) went out with an army. They passed by a man who was with his flock of sheep and goats. The people wanted to kill him, so the man recited the Kalimah "La ilaha illallah." Even then, Hazrat Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him. He was asked: "You killed him even though he was reciting 'La ilaha illallah'?" Hazrat Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) replied that the man wanted to escape with his family and wealth. When these people returned, they mentioned this incident before the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), upon which this verse was revealed: Translation: "O you who believe! When you go forth in the way of Allah, investigate carefully, and do not say to the one who greets you with peace, 'You are not a believer.' Do you seek the goods of worldly life? (By worldly life is meant the flock of sheep and goats.) But with Allah are abundant spoils. You were like that before (i.e., you used to hide your faith from the polytheists), then Allah bestowed His favor upon you (i.e., made Islam manifest). So investigate carefully. (Of Allah's warning:) Surely Allah is fully aware of what you do."

Hazrat Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Hazrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A man from the tribe of Banu Sulaym passed by a group of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he had a flock of goats with him. He greeted them with salam. Some of the people said: This person has not greeted you except to protect himself from you. So they went after him, killed him, and took his goats. Then they brought this wealth to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Upon this, the following verse was revealed: Translation: O you who believe! When you go forth in the way of Allah, investigate carefully, and do not say to the one who greets you with peace, "You are not a believer." Do you seek the goods of worldly life? But with Allah are abundant spoils. Until the end of the verse.

This statement of Hazrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) is also narrated from Hazrat Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) through this chain of transmission. However, the narrator did not mention these words: "So they brought it to the Prophet ﷺ."

Hazrat Miqdad bin Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that I asked: O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! What is your opinion regarding this: if I meet a man from among the disbelievers, and he fights me, and he strikes my hand with a sword and cuts it off, then he seeks refuge from me behind a tree and says, "I have accepted Islam for the sake of Allah." O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! After he says this, should I kill him? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Do not kill him. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! He cut off my hand, and after cutting it off, he recites the kalimah; should I not kill him? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Do not kill him. If you kill him, then he will be in your position as you were before you killed him, and you will be in his position as he was before he recited the kalimah which he has now recited.

Hazrat Humaid bin Hilal (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Hazrat Abu Al-Aaliyah (may Allah have mercy on him) came to me and one of my companions, and said: "You both come, because you both are younger than me and better at preserving hadith than I am." The narrator says: "We both went until we reached Hazrat Bishr bin Asim Laithi (may Allah have mercy on him). Hazrat Abu Al-Aaliyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 'Relate your matter to these two.' He said: Hazrat Uqbah bin Malik Laithi (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent an army, and that army attacked a people. Then a man separated from the people, and one of the army men chased him with a drawn sword. The man who had separated from the people said: 'Indeed, I am a Muslim.' But the pursuer did not pay attention to his words and attacked and killed him. Then this matter was reported to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke harshly about this. When the killer heard this, while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was delivering a sermon, the killer said: 'O Prophet of Allah! By Allah, he only said this to save himself from being killed.' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him and from those who were with him. The man said this twice, and each time the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him. He could not remain patient, so the third time he said this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face towards him, and there were visible signs of anger on his face. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Indeed, Allah has refused me regarding the one who kills a believer.' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated this three times.

Hazrat Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me towards Yemen so that I may fight them and call them towards Islam. And when they recited the Kalimah "La ilaha illallah," then their wealth and their lives became forbidden upon you.

Hazrat Ubaidullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that when those people who had turned apostate during the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) became apostates, Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to wage jihad against them. Upon this, Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Will you (may Allah be pleased with you) fight against those people even though you (may Allah be pleased with you) have indeed heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that whoever testifies that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and indeed Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, then his wealth becomes forbidden (to be taken) except by the right of Allah, and his reckoning is with Allah, the Lord of Might? Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: Should I not fight against the one who differentiates between prayer and zakat? By Allah! I will surely fight against the one who makes a distinction between the two, until I bring them both together. Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: So we fought along with him while he was indeed upon guidance. Then, when he (may Allah be pleased with him) was victorious over as many of them as he could, he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You people must choose one of two things from me: either a war that will exile you, or a land that will disgrace you. They said: We understand what an exiling war is, but what is meant by a land that will disgrace us? He (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: You must testify regarding our slain that they are indeed in Paradise, and regarding your slain that they are indeed in Hellfire. So they did so.

Hazrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite the declaration "There is no god but Allah."