Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah

Hazrat Ikrimah and Ibrahim explained the verse: If the slain is from a people with whom you have a treaty, as follows: That man who accepted Islam in the land of war, then someone killed him: there will be no blood money (diyah) upon him, but expiation (kaffarah) will be obligatory upon him.

Hazrat Mughira narrates that regarding the saying of Allah, the Lord of Majesty: "And whoever kills a believer by mistake, then he must free a believing slave and pay the blood money to the heirs of the slain," about this verse, Ibrahim said: When a Muslim is killed, this ruling is for him and his Muslim heirs. And regarding the verse: "And if the slain is from a people who are enemies to you and he is a believer," he said: That Muslim man who is killed while his people are polytheists and there is no treaty between them and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then it is obligatory upon him to free a believing slave. And if he killed a Muslim whose people were polytheists and there was a treaty between that people and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then it is necessary for him to free a believing slave and pay the blood money to that people with whom there was a treaty between them and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and his inheritance will be for the Muslims. And his blood money will be for that polytheist people with whom there was a treaty between them and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Thus, the Muslims will inherit from him, and his blood money will be for his people, because they are the ones who will pay the blood money on his behalf.

Hazrat Isa bin Mughira states that Imam Shabi said regarding the saying of Allah, the Lord of Might: "And if the slain person is from a people between whom and you there is a treaty." About this verse, he said: He should be from among the treaty-makers and not a Muslim.

Hazrat Abu Yahya narrates that Hazrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said regarding the verse: { فَإِنْ کَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَکُمْ وَہُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِیرُ رَقَبَۃٍ مُؤْمِنَۃٍ }: A man used to come to the service of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he accepted Islam and returned to his people. He was among his people, and his people were polytheists, when the Muslims mistakenly killed him in a raid or battle. So the one who killed him freed a slave, and regarding the verse: { وَإِنْ کَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَیْنَکُمْ وَبَیْنَہُمْ مِیثَاقٌ}, he (Ibn Abbas) said: That man was an ally and there was a treaty with his people, so blood money was paid to them and the one who killed him freed a slave.