مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب السيرBook of Expeditions
ما قالوا: في الفروض وتدوين الدواوينThose Who Spoke Regarding Government Stipends and Establishing Official Registers
Hadith 35074
٣٥٠٧٤ - حدثنا زيد بن (الحباب) (١) قال: حدثني أبو معشر قال: حدثني (عمر) (٢) مولى غفرة و (غيره) (٣) قال: لما توفي رسول اللَّه ﷺ (جاء) (٤) مال من البحرين، فقال أبو بكر: من كان له على رسول اللَّه ﷺ شيء أو عدة فليقم فليأخذ؟ فقام جابر فقال: إن رسول اللَّه ﷺ قال: "إن جاءني (مال) (٥) من البحرين (لأعطيتك) (٦) هكذا وهكذا"، ثلاث مرار وحثى بيده، فقال له أبو بكر: قم فخذ بيدك، فأخذ فإذا هي خمسمائة درهم، فقال: عدوا له ألفًا، وقسم بين الناس ⦗٢٩٣⦘ عشرة دراهم عشرة دراهم وقال: إنما هذه مواعيد وعدها رسول اللَّه ﷺ (الناس) (٧) حتى إذا كان عام مقبل، جاءه مال أكثر من ذلك المال، فقسم بين الناس عشرين درهمًا، عشرين درهمًا، (وفضلت) (٨) منه فضلة، فقسم للخدم خمسة دراهم خمسة دراهم، وقال: إن لكم خدامًا يخدمونكم ويعالجون لكم، فرضخنا لهم، فقالوا: لو فضلت المهاجرين والأنصار (لسابقتهم) (٩)، ولمكانهم من رسول اللَّه ﷺ فقال: أجر أولئك على اللَّه، إن هذا المعاش (للأسوة) (١٠) فيه خير من الأثرة، قال: فعمل بهذا ولايته حتى إذا كانت سنة ثلاث عشرة في جمادى الآخرة (في) (١١) ليال بقين منه مات ﵁، فعمل عمر بن الخطاب ففتح الفتوح وجاءته الأموال، فقال: إن أبا بكر رأى في هذا الأمر رأيا، ولي فيه رأي آخر، لا أجعل من قاتل رسول اللَّه ﷺ كمن قاتل معه، ففرض للمهاجرين والأنصار (ممن) (١٢) شهد بدرًا خمسة آلاف خمسة آلاف، وفرض لمن كان له (إسلام) (١٣) كإسلام أهل بدر، ولم يشهد بدرا أربعة آلاف أربعة آلاف، وفرض لأزواج النبي ﷺ اثني عشر ألفا اثني عشر ألفًا، إلا صفية وجويرية، فرض لهما ستة آلاف ستة آلاف، فأبتا أن تقبلا، فقال لهما: إنما فرضت لهن للهجرة، فقالتا: إنما فرضت لهن لمكانهن من رسول اللَّه ﷺ، وكان لنا مثله، فعرف ذلك عمر ففرض لهما اثني عشر ألفا اثني عشر ألفا، وفرض للعباس اثني عشر ألفا، وفرض لأسامة بن زيد أربعة آلاف، وفرض لعبد اللَّه بن عمر ثلاثة ⦗٢٩٤⦘ آلاف، فقال: يا (أبة) (١٤) لم زدته علي ألفا؟ ما كان لأبيه من الفضل ما لم يكن لأبي، وما كان له لم يكن لي، فقال: إن أبا أسامةكان أحب إليّ رسول اللَّه ﷺ من أبيك، وكان أسامة أحب إليّ رسول اللَّه ﷺ (منك) (١٥)، وفرض لحسن وحسين خمسة آلاف خمسة آلاف، (و) (١٦) ألحقهما بأبيهما (١٧) لمكانهما من رسول اللَّه ﷺ، وفرض لأبناء المهاجرين والأنصار ألفين ألفين، فمر به عمر بن أبي سلمة فقال: زيدوه ألفا، فقال له محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن جحش: ما كان لأبيه ما لم يكن (لآبائنا) (١٨)، وما كان له ما لم يكن لنا، فقال: إني فرضت له بأبيه أبي سلمة ألفين، وزدته بأمه أم سلمة ألفا، فإن كانت (لك) (١٩) أم مثل أمه (زدتك) (٢٠) ألفا، وفرض لأهل مكة وللناس ثمانمائة ثمانمائة، فجاءه طلحة بن عبيد اللَّه (بأخيه) (٢١) عثمان، ففرض له ثمانمائة، فمر به النضر بن أنس فقال عمر: افرضوا له ألفين، فقال طلحة: جئتك بمثله ففرضت له ثمانمائة درهم، وفرضت لهذا ألفين! فقال: إن أبا هذا لقيني يوم أحد فقال لي: ما فعل رسول اللَّه ﷺ؟ فقلت: ما أراه إلا قد قتل، فسل سيفه فكسر غمده وقال: إن كان رسول اللَّه ﷺ قد قتل فإن اللَّه حي لا يموت، فقاتل حتى قتل، وهذا يرعى الشاء في مكان كذا وكذا، فعمل عمر (بدء) (٢٢) خلافته حتى كانت ⦗٢٩٥⦘ سنة ثلاث وعشرين حج تلك السنة فبلغه أن الناس يقولون: لو مات أمير المؤمنين قمنا إلى فلان فبايعناه، وإن كانت بيعةُ أبي بكر فلتةً، فأراد أن يتكلم في أوسط أيام التشريق فقال له عبد الرحمن بن عوف: يا أمير المؤمنين إن هذا مكان يغلب عليه غوغاء الناس ودهمهم ومن لا يحمل كلامك محمله، فارجع إلى دار الهجرة والإيمان، فتكلم (فيسمع) (٢٣) كلامك، فأسرع فقدم المدينة فخطب الناس وقال: (يا) (٢٤) أيها الناس أما بعد فقد بلغني ما قاله قائلكم: لو مات أمير المؤمنين قمنا إلى فلان فبايعناه وإن كانت بيعة أبي بكر فلتة، وأيم اللَّه إن كانت لفلتة وقانا اللَّه شرها، فمن أين لنا مثل أبي بكر نمد أعناقنا إليه كمدنا إلى أبي بكر، إنما ذاك (تغرة) (٢٥) (ليقتل) (٢٦)، من (انتزع) (٢٧) أمور المسلمين من غير مشورة فلا بيعة له، ألا وإني رأيت رؤيا ولا أظن ذاك إلا عند اقتراب أجلي، رأيت ديكا (تراءى) (٢٨) لي فنقرني ثلاث نقرات، فتأولت لي أسماء بنت عميس، (قالت) (٢٩): يقتلك رجل من أهل هذه الحمراء، فإن أمت فأمركم إلى هؤلاء الستة الذين توفي رسول اللَّه ﷺ وهو عنهم راض: إلى عثمان وعلي، وطلحة، والزبير، وعبد الرحمن بن عوف وسعد بن أبي وقاص، فإن اختلفوا فأمرهم إلى علي، وإن أعش فسأوصي ونظرت في العمة وبنت الأخ ما لهما، يورثان ولا يرثان، وإن أعش فسأفتح لكم أمرا تأخذون به، وإن أمت فسترون رأيكم، واللَّه خليفتي فيكم، وقد ⦗٢٩٦⦘ دونت لكم (دواوين) (٣٠) ومصرت لكم الأمصار، وأجريت لكم الطعام إلى (الجار) (٣١)، وتركتكم على واضحة، وإنما أتخوف عليكم رجلين: رجلًا قاتل على تأويل هذا القرآن يقتل، ورجلا رأى أنه أحق بهذا المال من أخيه فقاتل عليه حتى قتل، فخطب (نهار) (٣٢) الجمعة وطعن يوم الأربعاء (٣٣).
Hazrat Umar, who was the freed slave of Hazrat Ghafrah (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, a large amount of wealth came from Bahrain. Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever has any debt upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) or is owed anything by him, should stand up and take from this wealth. Hazrat Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said: If wealth comes to me from Bahrain, I will surely give you such and such an amount. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said this three times and filled his hand as a gesture. Therefore, Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Stand up and take with your own hand. So he (may Allah be pleased with him) took it, and it was five hundred dirhams. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Count it and give him a thousand. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed ten dirhams each among the people. And he said: These are the promises that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made to the people.
2. Until the next year came and much more wealth arrived. So he (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed twenty dirhams each among the people, and still, wealth remained. Therefore, he (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed five dirhams each among the slaves as well and said: Indeed, your servants serve you and manage your affairs, so we have given them some wealth as well. The people said: If you (may Allah be pleased with him) had given preference to the Muhajireen and Ansar due to their precedence and higher status with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), it would have been better! He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Their reward is with Allah. Indeed, equality in this wealth is better than giving preference to anyone. The narrator says: He (may Allah be pleased with him) continued to act in this way during his caliphate until he passed away in the last nights of Jumada al-Akhirah in the thirteenth year of Hijrah.
3. Hazrat Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) assumed the caliphate, and many conquests took place, and a great deal of wealth came. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) adopted one opinion in this matter, and I have another opinion. I will not equate the one who fought against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with the one who fought alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed five thousand each for those companions among the Muhajireen and Ansar who participated in the Battle of Badr. And for those Muslims who were like the participants of Badr in accepting Islam but could not be present at Badr, he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed four thousand each.
4. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed twelve thousand each for the noble wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), except for Hazrat Safiyyah and Hazrat Juwayriyyah (may Allah be pleased with them both). For these two, he fixed six thousand each. Both of them refused to accept this. So Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to them: Indeed, I fixed this amount for all of them because of their migration. Upon this, both of them said: You fixed this amount for all of them because of their closeness to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and for us, it should be the same as for them. Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) understood this and then fixed twelve thousand each for both of them as well.
5. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed twelve thousand for Hazrat Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) as well. And he fixed four thousand for Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him), and three thousand for Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). Upon this, Hazrat Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: O father! Why did you give him one thousand more than me, even though his father does not have the virtue that my father has, and he does not have the virtue that I have? Upon this, Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, Usama’s father was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than your father, and Usama himself was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than you. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed five thousand each for Hazrat Hasan and Hazrat Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both), and due to the love of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for them, he included them with their father.
6. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed two thousand each for the sons of the Muhajireen and Ansar companions (may Allah be pleased with them). So Hazrat Umar bin Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by him, and he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Increase his amount by one thousand. Upon this, Hazrat Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: The status that his father has, our fathers do not have, and the status that he has, we do not have? He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, I fixed two thousand for him because of his father, Hazrat Abu Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him), and I increased it for him because of his mother, Hazrat Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). So if your mother had been like his mother, I would have increased one thousand for you as well.
7. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed eight hundred each for the people of Makkah and other people. So Hazrat Talhah bin Ubaidullah (may Allah be pleased with him) brought his brother Uthman, and he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed eight hundred for him. And Hazrat Nadr bin Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by him, so Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
2. Until the next year came and much more wealth arrived. So he (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed twenty dirhams each among the people, and still, wealth remained. Therefore, he (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed five dirhams each among the slaves as well and said: Indeed, your servants serve you and manage your affairs, so we have given them some wealth as well. The people said: If you (may Allah be pleased with him) had given preference to the Muhajireen and Ansar due to their precedence and higher status with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), it would have been better! He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Their reward is with Allah. Indeed, equality in this wealth is better than giving preference to anyone. The narrator says: He (may Allah be pleased with him) continued to act in this way during his caliphate until he passed away in the last nights of Jumada al-Akhirah in the thirteenth year of Hijrah.
3. Hazrat Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) assumed the caliphate, and many conquests took place, and a great deal of wealth came. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) adopted one opinion in this matter, and I have another opinion. I will not equate the one who fought against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with the one who fought alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed five thousand each for those companions among the Muhajireen and Ansar who participated in the Battle of Badr. And for those Muslims who were like the participants of Badr in accepting Islam but could not be present at Badr, he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed four thousand each.
4. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed twelve thousand each for the noble wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), except for Hazrat Safiyyah and Hazrat Juwayriyyah (may Allah be pleased with them both). For these two, he fixed six thousand each. Both of them refused to accept this. So Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to them: Indeed, I fixed this amount for all of them because of their migration. Upon this, both of them said: You fixed this amount for all of them because of their closeness to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and for us, it should be the same as for them. Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) understood this and then fixed twelve thousand each for both of them as well.
5. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed twelve thousand for Hazrat Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) as well. And he fixed four thousand for Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him), and three thousand for Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). Upon this, Hazrat Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: O father! Why did you give him one thousand more than me, even though his father does not have the virtue that my father has, and he does not have the virtue that I have? Upon this, Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, Usama’s father was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than your father, and Usama himself was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than you. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed five thousand each for Hazrat Hasan and Hazrat Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both), and due to the love of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for them, he included them with their father.
6. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed two thousand each for the sons of the Muhajireen and Ansar companions (may Allah be pleased with them). So Hazrat Umar bin Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by him, and he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Increase his amount by one thousand. Upon this, Hazrat Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: The status that his father has, our fathers do not have, and the status that he has, we do not have? He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, I fixed two thousand for him because of his father, Hazrat Abu Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him), and I increased it for him because of his mother, Hazrat Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). So if your mother had been like his mother, I would have increased one thousand for you as well.
7. And he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed eight hundred each for the people of Makkah and other people. So Hazrat Talhah bin Ubaidullah (may Allah be pleased with him) brought his brother Uthman, and he (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed eight hundred for him. And Hazrat Nadr bin Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by him, so Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
