مشكوة المصابيح
Mishkat al-Masabih
كتاب الإيمانThe Book of Faith
(أَسَاسُ الإِيمَانِ)(The foundation of faith)
Hadith 59
وَعَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: «ثَلَاث من أَصْلِ الْإِيمَانِ الْكَفُّ عَمَّنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا الله وَلَا نكفره بذنب وَلَا نخرجهُ من الْإِسْلَام بِعَمَل -[25]- وَالْجِهَادُ مَاضٍ مُنْذُ بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ إِلَى أَنْ يُقَاتل آخر أمتِي الدَّجَّالَ لَا يُبْطِلُهُ جَوْرُ جَائِرٍ وَلَا عَدْلُ عَادل وَالْإِيمَان بالأقدار» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد
Anas reported God’s messenger as saying, “Three matters pertain to the root of faith: no molestation of one who says there is no god but God, neither declaring him an infidel because of a sin, nor excommunicating him from Islam because of an action; jihad continues from the time God sent me till the last of this people fights with the dajjal, being annulled neither by the tyranny of a tyrannical ruler nor the justice of a just one; and belief in God’s decrees.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication:
It is weak.
It has been narrated by Abu Dawud [2532].
The chain of this narration is weak due to the narrator Yazid bin Abi Nasbah being unknown. See: [ماہنامہ الحدیث : 15 ص10]
(The article in the monthly Al-Hadith: 15 is as follows)
A narration is reported from the chain of «يزيد بن ابي نُشبه عن انس بن مالك رضى الله عنه». In this narration, it is also mentioned that:
❀ The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«والجهاد ماضٍ منذ بعثني الله إلى ان يقاتل آخر امتي الدجال، لا يبطله جو رجا ئر ولا عدل عادل»
“Since Allah sent me as a Prophet, jihad has continued and will continue until the last member of my Ummah fights against the Dajjal. Neither the oppression of an oppressor (ruler) nor the justice of a just one will invalidate it.” [سنن ابي داؤد : 2532، سنن سعيد بن منصور : 2367]
↰ This narration is weak in terms of its chain. Its narrator, Yazid bin Abi Nasbah, is unknown. [تقریب التہذیب : 7785، الکاشف للذہبی : 6475]
It should be noted that it is established from other evidences that jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment.
✿ Allah the Exalted says:
«كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ»
“Fighting has been prescribed for you, though it is disliked by you.” [2-البقرة:216]
❀ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«الخيل معقود فى نواصيها الخير إلى يوم القيامة، الأجر و المغنم»
“Goodness has been placed in the forelocks of horses until the Day of Judgment—reward and spoils of war.” [صحيح البخاري : كتاب الجهاد و السير باب الجهاد ماض مع البرو الفاجرح 2852و صحيح مسلم : 99؍73ادارالسلام : 4849]
❀ It is narrated from Salamah bin Nufail al-Kindi radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«ولا يزال من امتي امة يقاتلون على الحق۔۔۔ حتي تقوم الساعة»
“And a group from my Ummah will always fight upon the truth... until the Hour is established.” [سنن النسائی 6؍214، 215 ح3591، وإسنادہ صحیح ؍عمدۃ المساعی فی تحقیق سنن النسائی ج 2ص 359 قلمی لراقم الحروف]
❀ The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«لن يبرح هذا الدين قائماً، يقاتل عليه عصابة من المسلمين حتي تقوم الساعة»
“This religion (Islam) will always remain established; a group of Muslims will continue to fight for the religion until the Day of Judgment.” [صحیح مسلم : 1922 دارالسلام : 4953 عن جابر بن سمرہ رضی اللہ عنہ]
From these authentic ahadith, it is established that jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment.
◈ Ibn Humam (Hanafi, d. 761 AH) writes:
«ولا شك أن اجماع الامة أن الجهاد ماض إلى يوم القيامة لم ينسخ، فلا يتصور نسخه بعد النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم»
“And there is no doubt that the Ummah has consensus (ijma‘) that jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment; it has not been abrogated. Therefore, after the (death of the) Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, its abrogation cannot be conceived.” [فتح القدیر ج 5ص190 کتاب السیر]
◈ The famous and eminent Tabi‘i Imam Mak-hool al-Shami rahimahullah (d. 113 AH) says:
«إن فى الجنة لمائة درجة، مابين الدرجة إلى الدرجة كما بين السماء و الارض، أعدها الله للمجاهدين فى سبيل الله»
“Indeed, there are one hundred levels in Paradise; the distance between each level is like that between the heavens and the earth. Allah has prepared them for those who strive (mujahideen) in His path.” [مصنف ابن ابی شیبہ 5؍304 ح19353 و سندہ صحیح]
The authenticity of this excellent statement is supported by a hadith of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in Sahih al-Bukhari. [البخاری : 2790]
Summary of the Research: Jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment, against disbelievers and innovators.
There are many types of jihad.
➊ Jihad with the tongue
➋ Jihad with the pen
❀ The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«جاهدو المشركين بأيديكم وألسنتكم»
“Strive against the polytheists with your hands and your tongues.” [المختارة للضياء المقدسي ج5ص36ح642اواللفظ له، سنن ابي داؤد : 2504]
➌ Jihad with wealth
✿ Allah the Exalted says:
«الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّـهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مَنًّا وَلَا أَذًى لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ» [2-البقرة:262]
“Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah and then do not follow up what they have spent with reminders of it or injury, for them is their reward with their Lord.”
➍ Jihad with one’s self (jihad bin-nafs)
This has two types:
First:
Reforming one’s own self and making it obedient and submissive to the Book and the Sunnah.
❀ The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«المجاهد من جاهد نفسه»
“The true mujahid is the one who strives against his own self.” [الترمذي : 1621وقال :“ حديث حسن صحيح ’’ وسنده حسن و صححه ابن حبان /موارد : 1624او الحاكم على شرط مسلم2/79 و وافقه الذهبي]
Second:
Fighting in the path of Allah
There are countless evidences for this, some of which have already been mentioned above. If it is according to the Islamic conditions, then this is the most virtuous form of jihad.
❀ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was asked: Which jihad is best? He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied:
«من جاهد المشركين بماله و نفسه»
“The one who strives against the polytheists with his wealth and his self.” It was asked: Which martyr is best? He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: «من أهريق دمه و عقر جواده» “The one whose blood is shed (by the disbelievers) and whose horse is cut (and killed).” [سنن ابی داؤد : 1449 و سندہ حسن]
It should be noted that terrorism and the killing of innocent people have nothing to do with jihad.
◈ Imam Abu Hatim al-Razi and Imam Abu Zur‘ah al-Razi rahimahum Allah said:
In every era (and region), we act upon the obligation of jihad and Hajj with the Muslim ruler... Since Allah the Exalted sent His Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as a Prophet and Messenger, jihad with the Muslim rulers (against the disbelievers) has continued. Nothing will invalidate it. (That is, jihad will always continue.) [أصل السنة و اعتقاد الدين : 19، 23، الحديث حضرو : 2 ص 43] Also see: [الحديث : 3ص26]
◈ Dr. Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Qadiri has written a two-volume book titled «الجهاد فى سبيل الله، حقيقته و غايته», in which, in more than eleven hundred pages, Abdullah bin Ahmad discusses the types of jihad:
Spiritual Jihad
➊ «جهاد النفس» (jihad against the self),
➋ «جهاد الشيطان» (jihad against Satan),
➌ «جهاد الفرقة والتصدع» (jihad against division and discord),
➍ «جهاد التقليد» (jihad against blind following [taqlid]),
➎ «جهاد الأسرة» (jihad against family customs),
➏ «جهاد الدعوة»
Material Jihad
➊ «اعداد المجاهدين» (preparation of the mujahideen),
➋ «الجهاد بالأنفس و الأموال» (jihad with self and wealth),
➌ «انشاء المصانع الجهادية» (preparation of fortresses for jihad) [ج1 ص 273]
Calling people to the Book and the Sunnah, striving against blind following and innovations is also a great jihad.
◈ Imam Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah says:
«فالراد على أهل البدع مجاهد»
“Thus, the one who refutes the people of innovation is a mujahid.” [نقض المنطق ص 12 و مجموع فتاوی ابن تیمیہ 4/13]
❀ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was asked: Which jihad is best? He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied:
«كلمة عدل عند إمام جائر»
“Speaking a word of justice (truth) before a tyrannical ruler.” [مسند احمد 5؍256 ح22561و سندہ حسن لذاتہ، و ابن ماجہ : 4012]
Building madrasas and mosques, inviting people to the Qur’an and Hadith upon the understanding of the righteous predecessors, delivering lectures and debates for this purpose, and writing books—all of this is jihad.
Finally, read two hadiths:
❀ It is narrated from our master Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«مثل المجاهد فى سبيل الله، والله اعلم بمن يجاهد فى سبيله، كمثل الصائم القائم»
“The example of the one who strives in the path of Allah—and Allah knows who strives in His path—is like that of one who fasts continuously and stands (in prayer) at night.” [صحیح بخاری : 2787]
❀ It is narrated from our master Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«من خرج من الطاعة و فارق الجماعة ثم مات ميتة جاهلية، ومن قتل تحت راية عمية يغضب للعصبة و يقاتل للعصبة فليس من أمتي»
“Whoever withdraws from obedience (to the caliph) and separates from the congregation (or consensus) and dies, his death is a death of ignorance (jahiliyyah). And whoever is killed under a blind (jahiliyyah) banner, fighting out of anger for his clan, then he is not from my Ummah...” etc. [صحيح مسلم، كتاب الإمارة، باب و جوب ملازمة جماعة المسلمين عند ظهور الفتن 54؍848 دارالسلام : 4788]
«وما علينا إلا البلاغ»
It is weak.
It has been narrated by Abu Dawud [2532].
The chain of this narration is weak due to the narrator Yazid bin Abi Nasbah being unknown. See: [ماہنامہ الحدیث : 15 ص10]
(The article in the monthly Al-Hadith: 15 is as follows)
A narration is reported from the chain of «يزيد بن ابي نُشبه عن انس بن مالك رضى الله عنه». In this narration, it is also mentioned that:
❀ The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«والجهاد ماضٍ منذ بعثني الله إلى ان يقاتل آخر امتي الدجال، لا يبطله جو رجا ئر ولا عدل عادل»
“Since Allah sent me as a Prophet, jihad has continued and will continue until the last member of my Ummah fights against the Dajjal. Neither the oppression of an oppressor (ruler) nor the justice of a just one will invalidate it.” [سنن ابي داؤد : 2532، سنن سعيد بن منصور : 2367]
↰ This narration is weak in terms of its chain. Its narrator, Yazid bin Abi Nasbah, is unknown. [تقریب التہذیب : 7785، الکاشف للذہبی : 6475]
It should be noted that it is established from other evidences that jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment.
✿ Allah the Exalted says:
«كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ»
“Fighting has been prescribed for you, though it is disliked by you.” [2-البقرة:216]
❀ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«الخيل معقود فى نواصيها الخير إلى يوم القيامة، الأجر و المغنم»
“Goodness has been placed in the forelocks of horses until the Day of Judgment—reward and spoils of war.” [صحيح البخاري : كتاب الجهاد و السير باب الجهاد ماض مع البرو الفاجرح 2852و صحيح مسلم : 99؍73ادارالسلام : 4849]
❀ It is narrated from Salamah bin Nufail al-Kindi radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«ولا يزال من امتي امة يقاتلون على الحق۔۔۔ حتي تقوم الساعة»
“And a group from my Ummah will always fight upon the truth... until the Hour is established.” [سنن النسائی 6؍214، 215 ح3591، وإسنادہ صحیح ؍عمدۃ المساعی فی تحقیق سنن النسائی ج 2ص 359 قلمی لراقم الحروف]
❀ The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«لن يبرح هذا الدين قائماً، يقاتل عليه عصابة من المسلمين حتي تقوم الساعة»
“This religion (Islam) will always remain established; a group of Muslims will continue to fight for the religion until the Day of Judgment.” [صحیح مسلم : 1922 دارالسلام : 4953 عن جابر بن سمرہ رضی اللہ عنہ]
From these authentic ahadith, it is established that jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment.
◈ Ibn Humam (Hanafi, d. 761 AH) writes:
«ولا شك أن اجماع الامة أن الجهاد ماض إلى يوم القيامة لم ينسخ، فلا يتصور نسخه بعد النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم»
“And there is no doubt that the Ummah has consensus (ijma‘) that jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment; it has not been abrogated. Therefore, after the (death of the) Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, its abrogation cannot be conceived.” [فتح القدیر ج 5ص190 کتاب السیر]
◈ The famous and eminent Tabi‘i Imam Mak-hool al-Shami rahimahullah (d. 113 AH) says:
«إن فى الجنة لمائة درجة، مابين الدرجة إلى الدرجة كما بين السماء و الارض، أعدها الله للمجاهدين فى سبيل الله»
“Indeed, there are one hundred levels in Paradise; the distance between each level is like that between the heavens and the earth. Allah has prepared them for those who strive (mujahideen) in His path.” [مصنف ابن ابی شیبہ 5؍304 ح19353 و سندہ صحیح]
The authenticity of this excellent statement is supported by a hadith of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in Sahih al-Bukhari. [البخاری : 2790]
Summary of the Research: Jihad will continue until the Day of Judgment, against disbelievers and innovators.
There are many types of jihad.
➊ Jihad with the tongue
➋ Jihad with the pen
❀ The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«جاهدو المشركين بأيديكم وألسنتكم»
“Strive against the polytheists with your hands and your tongues.” [المختارة للضياء المقدسي ج5ص36ح642اواللفظ له، سنن ابي داؤد : 2504]
➌ Jihad with wealth
✿ Allah the Exalted says:
«الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّـهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مَنًّا وَلَا أَذًى لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ» [2-البقرة:262]
“Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah and then do not follow up what they have spent with reminders of it or injury, for them is their reward with their Lord.”
➍ Jihad with one’s self (jihad bin-nafs)
This has two types:
First:
Reforming one’s own self and making it obedient and submissive to the Book and the Sunnah.
❀ The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«المجاهد من جاهد نفسه»
“The true mujahid is the one who strives against his own self.” [الترمذي : 1621وقال :“ حديث حسن صحيح ’’ وسنده حسن و صححه ابن حبان /موارد : 1624او الحاكم على شرط مسلم2/79 و وافقه الذهبي]
Second:
Fighting in the path of Allah
There are countless evidences for this, some of which have already been mentioned above. If it is according to the Islamic conditions, then this is the most virtuous form of jihad.
❀ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was asked: Which jihad is best? He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied:
«من جاهد المشركين بماله و نفسه»
“The one who strives against the polytheists with his wealth and his self.” It was asked: Which martyr is best? He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: «من أهريق دمه و عقر جواده» “The one whose blood is shed (by the disbelievers) and whose horse is cut (and killed).” [سنن ابی داؤد : 1449 و سندہ حسن]
It should be noted that terrorism and the killing of innocent people have nothing to do with jihad.
◈ Imam Abu Hatim al-Razi and Imam Abu Zur‘ah al-Razi rahimahum Allah said:
In every era (and region), we act upon the obligation of jihad and Hajj with the Muslim ruler... Since Allah the Exalted sent His Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as a Prophet and Messenger, jihad with the Muslim rulers (against the disbelievers) has continued. Nothing will invalidate it. (That is, jihad will always continue.) [أصل السنة و اعتقاد الدين : 19، 23، الحديث حضرو : 2 ص 43] Also see: [الحديث : 3ص26]
◈ Dr. Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Qadiri has written a two-volume book titled «الجهاد فى سبيل الله، حقيقته و غايته», in which, in more than eleven hundred pages, Abdullah bin Ahmad discusses the types of jihad:
Spiritual Jihad
➊ «جهاد النفس» (jihad against the self),
➋ «جهاد الشيطان» (jihad against Satan),
➌ «جهاد الفرقة والتصدع» (jihad against division and discord),
➍ «جهاد التقليد» (jihad against blind following [taqlid]),
➎ «جهاد الأسرة» (jihad against family customs),
➏ «جهاد الدعوة»
Material Jihad
➊ «اعداد المجاهدين» (preparation of the mujahideen),
➋ «الجهاد بالأنفس و الأموال» (jihad with self and wealth),
➌ «انشاء المصانع الجهادية» (preparation of fortresses for jihad) [ج1 ص 273]
Calling people to the Book and the Sunnah, striving against blind following and innovations is also a great jihad.
◈ Imam Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah says:
«فالراد على أهل البدع مجاهد»
“Thus, the one who refutes the people of innovation is a mujahid.” [نقض المنطق ص 12 و مجموع فتاوی ابن تیمیہ 4/13]
❀ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was asked: Which jihad is best? He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied:
«كلمة عدل عند إمام جائر»
“Speaking a word of justice (truth) before a tyrannical ruler.” [مسند احمد 5؍256 ح22561و سندہ حسن لذاتہ، و ابن ماجہ : 4012]
Building madrasas and mosques, inviting people to the Qur’an and Hadith upon the understanding of the righteous predecessors, delivering lectures and debates for this purpose, and writing books—all of this is jihad.
Finally, read two hadiths:
❀ It is narrated from our master Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«مثل المجاهد فى سبيل الله، والله اعلم بمن يجاهد فى سبيله، كمثل الصائم القائم»
“The example of the one who strives in the path of Allah—and Allah knows who strives in His path—is like that of one who fasts continuously and stands (in prayer) at night.” [صحیح بخاری : 2787]
❀ It is narrated from our master Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
«من خرج من الطاعة و فارق الجماعة ثم مات ميتة جاهلية، ومن قتل تحت راية عمية يغضب للعصبة و يقاتل للعصبة فليس من أمتي»
“Whoever withdraws from obedience (to the caliph) and separates from the congregation (or consensus) and dies, his death is a death of ignorance (jahiliyyah). And whoever is killed under a blind (jahiliyyah) banner, fighting out of anger for his clan, then he is not from my Ummah...” etc. [صحيح مسلم، كتاب الإمارة، باب و جوب ملازمة جماعة المسلمين عند ظهور الفتن 54؍848 دارالسلام : 4788]
«وما علينا إلا البلاغ»
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 59
