صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الأحكامThe Book of Al-Ahkam (Judgements)
بَابُ الاِسْتِخْلاَفِ:Chapter. The appointment of a caliph (to succeed another).
Hadith 7219
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ خُطْبَةَ عُمَرَ الْآخِرَةَ حِينَ جَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ وَذَلِكَ الْغَدَ مِنْ يَوْمٍ تُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَتَشَهَّدَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ صَامِتٌ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ ، قَالَ : " كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ يَعِيشَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى يَدْبُرَنَا ، يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرَهُمْ ، فَإِنْ يَكُ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ مَاتَ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ جَعَلَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ نُورًا تَهْتَدُونَ بِهِ ، هَدَى اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ ، فَإِنَّهُ أَوْلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأُمُورِكُمْ ، فَقُومُوا ، فَبَايِعُوهُ ، وَكَانَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ بَايَعُوهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ ، وَكَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ " ، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ : اصْعَدِ الْمِنْبَرَ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ ، فَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ عَامَّةً .
Narrated Anas bin Malik: That he heard `Umar's second speech he delivered when he sat on the pulpit on the day following the death of the Prophet `Umar recited the Tashahhud while Abu Bakr was silent. `Umar said, "I wish that Allah's Apostle had outlived all of us, i.e., had been the last (to die). But if Muhammad is dead, Allah nevertheless has kept the light amongst you from which you can receive the same guidance as Allah guided Muhammad with that. And Abu Bakr is the companion of Allah's Apostle He is the second of the two in the cave. He is the most entitled person among the Muslims to manage your affairs. Therefore get up and swear allegiance to him." Some people had already taken the oath of allegiance to him in the shed of Bani Sa`ida but the oath of allegiance taken by the public was taken at the pulpit. I heard `Umar saying to Abu Bakr on that day. "Please ascend the pulpit," and kept on urging him till he ascended the pulpit whereupon, all the people swore allegiance to him.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Saqifah has been translated by Maulana Waheed uz-Zaman rahimahullah as "mandu" (meeting place). In common usage, referring to the assembly place of Banu Sa‘idah as a "chopal" (village council platform) is correct. It was the place where they gathered for governance, meaning it was a council house.
Ibn Ma‘in said that the insistence of Umar radi Allahu anhu on having Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu ascend the pulpit was correct, so that everyone would become acquainted with him, while Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu was refusing to ascend out of humility. Eventually, he did ascend, and then the general pledge of allegiance (bay‘ah) took place, whereas the bay‘ah at Saqifah Banu Sa‘idah was a private pledge.
The relevance to the chapter is derived from the statement of Umar radi Allahu anhu regarding Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu, that he is the most deserving and most suitable among you all for the caliphate.
The Shia say that the caliphate of as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu happened only due to the force and insistence of Umar radi Allahu anhu; otherwise, as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu was entirely ascetic, humble, and averse to the caliphate. We say: Even if that were so, what is objectionable in it? Umar radi Allahu anhu advocated for the one whom he considered worthy of the caliphate, and this is the principle of all truth-loving people.
If the opinion of Umar radi Allahu anhu had been incorrect, then why would the hundreds of thousands of other Companions who were present there have agreed? In short, by the consensus of the Companions, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu was deemed worthy and capable of the caliphate.
Saqifah has been translated by Maulana Waheed uz-Zaman rahimahullah as "mandu" (meeting place). In common usage, referring to the assembly place of Banu Sa‘idah as a "chopal" (village council platform) is correct. It was the place where they gathered for governance, meaning it was a council house.
Ibn Ma‘in said that the insistence of Umar radi Allahu anhu on having Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu ascend the pulpit was correct, so that everyone would become acquainted with him, while Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu was refusing to ascend out of humility. Eventually, he did ascend, and then the general pledge of allegiance (bay‘ah) took place, whereas the bay‘ah at Saqifah Banu Sa‘idah was a private pledge.
The relevance to the chapter is derived from the statement of Umar radi Allahu anhu regarding Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu, that he is the most deserving and most suitable among you all for the caliphate.
The Shia say that the caliphate of as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu happened only due to the force and insistence of Umar radi Allahu anhu; otherwise, as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu was entirely ascetic, humble, and averse to the caliphate. We say: Even if that were so, what is objectionable in it? Umar radi Allahu anhu advocated for the one whom he considered worthy of the caliphate, and this is the principle of all truth-loving people.
If the opinion of Umar radi Allahu anhu had been incorrect, then why would the hundreds of thousands of other Companions who were present there have agreed? In short, by the consensus of the Companions, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu was deemed worthy and capable of the caliphate.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 7219
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
The Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah was a council house in which select individuals pledged allegiance (bay'ah) to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu.
After this, Umar radi Allahu anhu announced in a public gathering that Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu alone was suitable and deserving of the caliphate after the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
Through this, he encouraged those present to pledge allegiance to him, and then the general populace pledged allegiance to him.
This was the second bay'ah, which was more general and more well-known than the first bay'ah.
➋
The relevance to the chapter is that Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu said:
Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu is the most deserving and most suitable among you all for the caliphate.
Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has written, referencing Ibn at-Tin, that Umar radi Allahu anhu asked Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu to ascend the pulpit and insisted upon it so that he would be introduced to all the people, but Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu, due to humility and modesty, was refusing.
(Fath al-Bari: 13/258)
➌
This refutes those who hold the view that the caliphate of Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu was established by the force and insistence of Umar radi Allahu anhu and that Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu was not worthy of it.
This is also incorrect because, if it were so, why would a thousand Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma'in agree to it? In any case, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu was, at that time, the most deserving and suitable for the caliphate, and there is consensus (ijma') of all the Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma'in on this.
And Allah is the One whose help is sought.
➊
The Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah was a council house in which select individuals pledged allegiance (bay'ah) to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu.
After this, Umar radi Allahu anhu announced in a public gathering that Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu alone was suitable and deserving of the caliphate after the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
Through this, he encouraged those present to pledge allegiance to him, and then the general populace pledged allegiance to him.
This was the second bay'ah, which was more general and more well-known than the first bay'ah.
➋
The relevance to the chapter is that Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu said:
Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu is the most deserving and most suitable among you all for the caliphate.
Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has written, referencing Ibn at-Tin, that Umar radi Allahu anhu asked Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu to ascend the pulpit and insisted upon it so that he would be introduced to all the people, but Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu, due to humility and modesty, was refusing.
(Fath al-Bari: 13/258)
➌
This refutes those who hold the view that the caliphate of Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu was established by the force and insistence of Umar radi Allahu anhu and that Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu was not worthy of it.
This is also incorrect because, if it were so, why would a thousand Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma'in agree to it? In any case, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu was, at that time, the most deserving and suitable for the caliphate, and there is consensus (ijma') of all the Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma'in on this.
And Allah is the One whose help is sought.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 7219
