صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الأحكامThe Book of Al-Ahkam (Judgements)
بَابُ كَيْفَ يُبَايِعُ الإِمَامُ النَّاسَ:Chapter. How do the people give the Baia (pledge) to the Imam (ruler).
Hadith 7207
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ ، حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، أَنَّ حُمَيْدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخْبَرَهُ ، أَنَّ الْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ ، أَنَّ الرَّهْطَ الَّذِينَ وَلَّاهُمْ عُمَرُ اجْتَمَعُوا ، فَتَشَاوَرُوا ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ : لَسْتُ بِالَّذِي أُنَافِسُكُمْ عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ ، وَلَكِنَّكُمْ إِنْ شِئْتُمُ اخْتَرْتُ لَكُمْ مِنْكُمْ ، فَجَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّوْا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ أَمْرَهُمْ ، فَمَالَ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَتَّى مَا أَرَى أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ يَتْبَعُ أُولَئِكَ الرَّهْطَ وَلَا يَطَأُ عَقِبَهُ ، وَمَالَ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يُشَاوِرُونَهُ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي أَصْبَحْنَا مِنْهَا فَبَايَعْنَا عُثْمَانَ ، قَالَ الْمِسْوَرُ : طَرَقَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بَعْدَ هَجْعٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ ، فَضَرَبَ الْبَابَ حَتَّى اسْتَيْقَظْتُ ، فَقَالَ : أَرَاكَ نَائِمًا فَوَاللَّهِ مَا اكْتَحَلْتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ بِكَبِيرِ نَوْمٍ ، انْطَلِقْ فَادْعُ الزُّبَيْرَ ، وَسَعْدًا ، فَدَعَوْتُهُمَا لَهُ فَشَاوَرَهُمَا ثُمَّ دَعَانِي ، فَقَالَ : ادْعُ لِي عَلِيًّا ، فَدَعَوْتُهُ ، فَنَاجَاهُ حَتَّى ابْهَارَّ اللَّيْلُ ، ثُمَّ قَامَ عَلِيٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ وَهُوَ عَلَى طَمَعٍ ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَخْشَى مِنْ عَلِيٍّ شَيْئًا ، ثُمّ قَالَ : ادْعُ لِي عُثْمَانَ ، فَدَعَوْتُهُ ، فَنَاجَاهُ حَتَّى فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا الْمُؤَذِّنُ بِالصُّبْحِ ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى لِلنَّاسِ الصُّبْحَ ، وَاجْتَمَعَ أُولَئِكَ الرَّهْطُ عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى مَنْ كَانَ حَاضِرًا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَأَرْسل إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ ، وَكَانُوا وَافَوْا تِلْكَ الْحَجَّةَ مَعَ عُمَرَ ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا ، تَشَهَّدَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، ثُمّ قَالَ : " أَمَّا بَعْدُ يَا عَلِيُّ ، إِنِّي قَدْ نَظَرْتُ فِي أَمْرِ النَّاسِ فَلَمْ أَرَهُمْ يَعْدِلُونَ بِعُثْمَانَ فَلَا تَجْعَلَنَّ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ سَبِيلًا ، فَقَالَ : أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى سُنَّةِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْخَلِيفَتَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ " ، فَبَايَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ ، وَالْأَنْصَارُ وَأُمَرَاءُ الْأَجْنَادِ ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ .
Narrated Al-Miswar bin Makhrama: The group of people whom `Umar had selected as candidates for the Caliphate gathered and consulted each other. `Abdur-Rahman said to them, "I am not going to compete with you in this matter, but if you wish, I would select for you a caliph from among you." So all of them agreed to let `Abdur-Rahman decide the case. So when the candidates placed the case in the hands of `Abdur-Rahman, the people went towards him and nobody followed the rest of the group nor obeyed any after him. So the people followed `Abdur-Rahman and consulted him all those nights till there came the night we gave the oath of allegiance to `Uthman. Al-Miswar (bin Makhrama) added: `Abdur-Rahman called on me after a portion of the night had passed and knocked on my door till I got up, and he said to me, "I see you have been sleeping! By Allah, during the last three nights I have not slept enough. Go and call Az-Zubair and Sa`d.' So I called them for him and he consulted them and then called me saying, 'Call `Ali for me." I called `Ali and he held a private talk with him till very late at night, and then 'Al, got up to leave having had much hope (to be chosen as a Caliph) but `Abdur-Rahman was afraid of something concerning `Ali. `Abdur-Rahman then said to me, "Call `Uthman for me." I called him and he kept on speaking to him privately till the Mu'adh-dhin put an end to their talk by announcing the Adhan for the Fajr prayer. When the people finished their morning prayer and that (six men) group gathered near the pulpit, `Abdur-Rahman sent for all the Muhajirin (emigrants) and the Ansar present there and sent for the army chief who had performed the Hajj with `Umar that year. When all of them had gathered, `Abdur- Rahman said, "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah," and added, "Now then, O `Ali, I have looked at the people's tendencies and noticed that they do not consider anybody equal to `Uthman, so you should not incur blame (by disagreeing)." Then `Abdur-Rahman said (to `Uthman), "I gave the oath of allegiance to you on condition that you will follow Allah's Laws and the traditions of Allah's Apostle and the traditions of the two Caliphs after him." So `Abdur-Rahman gave the oath of allegiance to him, and so did the people including the Muhajirin (emigrants) and the Ansar and the chiefs of the army staff and all the Muslims.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu was apprehensive that Ali radi Allahu anhu had a somewhat stern temperament and that the common people were not pleased with him. He wondered whether the caliphate would be managed well by him or not, and feared that perhaps some discord might arise. Some say that Ali radi Allahu anhu’s noble temperament was actually full of wit and good humor. Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu was concerned whether, with such a temperament, the affairs of the caliphate would proceed smoothly or not. Thus, a person remarked to Ali radi Allahu anhu regarding this very wit and good humor: “This is what delayed you until the fourth (i.e., in becoming caliph).” Later, Ali radi Allahu anhu pledged allegiance (bay‘ah). It was the divine command (amr ilahi) that first Uthman radi Allahu anhu should be caliph, and in the end, the caliphate should come to the noble Ali radi Allahu anhu.
Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu was apprehensive that Ali radi Allahu anhu had a somewhat stern temperament and that the common people were not pleased with him. He wondered whether the caliphate would be managed well by him or not, and feared that perhaps some discord might arise. Some say that Ali radi Allahu anhu’s noble temperament was actually full of wit and good humor. Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu was concerned whether, with such a temperament, the affairs of the caliphate would proceed smoothly or not. Thus, a person remarked to Ali radi Allahu anhu regarding this very wit and good humor: “This is what delayed you until the fourth (i.e., in becoming caliph).” Later, Ali radi Allahu anhu pledged allegiance (bay‘ah). It was the divine command (amr ilahi) that first Uthman radi Allahu anhu should be caliph, and in the end, the caliphate should come to the noble Ali radi Allahu anhu.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 7207
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu formed a council (shura) consisting of Sayyiduna Uthman radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Talhah radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Zubair radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Sa’d radi Allahu anhu, and Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Awf radi Allahu anhu, and said:
If my death occurs soon, then these individuals—whom the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was pleased with until the end—should select the caliph.
There was no one among the Muslims equal to them in understanding state affairs and governance.
At the suggestion of Hazrat Abdur Rahman, Hazrat Talhah radi Allahu anhu withdrew in favor of Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Zubair radi Allahu anhu withdrew in favor of Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu, and Hazrat Sa’d radi Allahu anhu withdrew in favor of Hazrat Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu.
Hazrat Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu had no interest in the caliphate.
Now the matter was to choose between Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu and Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu.
Hazrat Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu strove day and night and exerted great effort, and he reached the conclusion that the people did not consider anyone equal to Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu.
Therefore, after a lengthy private conversation with Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu, he pledged allegiance (bay’ah) at the hand of Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu. Although Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu had hope and expectation that allegiance would be pledged at his hand, the consensus of the people compelled him to select Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu. On this occasion, the commanders of the armies were present. Among them, the notable ones were the governor of Sham, Hazrat Mu’awiyah radi Allahu anhu; the governor of Hims, Hazrat Umair bin Sa’d radi Allahu anhu; the governor of Kufa, Hazrat Mughirah bin Shu’bah; the governor of Basra, Hazrat Abu Musa Ash’ari radi Allahu anhu; and the governor of Egypt, Hazrat Amr bin al-As radi Allahu anhu. From this detail, it is evident that everyone was united upon the caliphate of Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu.
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Radi Allahu anhu.
Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu formed a council (shura) consisting of Sayyiduna Uthman radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Talhah radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Zubair radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Sa’d radi Allahu anhu, and Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Awf radi Allahu anhu, and said:
If my death occurs soon, then these individuals—whom the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was pleased with until the end—should select the caliph.
There was no one among the Muslims equal to them in understanding state affairs and governance.
At the suggestion of Hazrat Abdur Rahman, Hazrat Talhah radi Allahu anhu withdrew in favor of Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu, Hazrat Zubair radi Allahu anhu withdrew in favor of Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu, and Hazrat Sa’d radi Allahu anhu withdrew in favor of Hazrat Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu.
Hazrat Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu had no interest in the caliphate.
Now the matter was to choose between Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu and Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu.
Hazrat Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu strove day and night and exerted great effort, and he reached the conclusion that the people did not consider anyone equal to Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu.
Therefore, after a lengthy private conversation with Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu, he pledged allegiance (bay’ah) at the hand of Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu. Although Hazrat Ali radi Allahu anhu had hope and expectation that allegiance would be pledged at his hand, the consensus of the people compelled him to select Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu. On this occasion, the commanders of the armies were present. Among them, the notable ones were the governor of Sham, Hazrat Mu’awiyah radi Allahu anhu; the governor of Hims, Hazrat Umair bin Sa’d radi Allahu anhu; the governor of Kufa, Hazrat Mughirah bin Shu’bah; the governor of Basra, Hazrat Abu Musa Ash’ari radi Allahu anhu; and the governor of Egypt, Hazrat Amr bin al-As radi Allahu anhu. From this detail, it is evident that everyone was united upon the caliphate of Hazrat Uthman radi Allahu anhu.
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Radi Allahu anhu.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 7207
