صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الأحكامThe Book of Al-Ahkam (Judgements)
بَابُ بِطَانَةِ الْإِمَامِ وَأَهْلِ مَشُورَتِهِ الْبِطَانَةُ الدُّخَلَاءُ :Chapter. The courtiers and advisers of the Imam (ruler).
Hadith 7198
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَصْبَغُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ ، وَلَا اسْتَخْلَفَ مِنْ خَلِيفَةٍ إِلَّا كَانَتْ لَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ : بِطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَحُضُّهُ عَلَيْهِ ، وَبِطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالشَّرِّ وَتَحُضُّهُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَالْمَعْصُومُ مَنْ عَصَمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى " ، وَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ بِهَذَا ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ ، وَمُوسَى ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، مِثْلَهُ ، وَقَالَ شُعَيْبٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، قَوْلَهُ ، وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، قَوْلَهُ ، وَقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: The Prophet said, "Allah never sends a prophet or gives the Caliphate to a Caliph but that he (the prophet or the Caliph) has two groups of advisors: A group advising him to do good and exhorts him to do it, and the other group advising him to do evil and exhorts him to do it. But the protected person (against such evil advisors) is the one protected by Allah.' "
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Imam al-Nasa'i has transmitted this with a connected chain.
The meaning of the mentioned hadith is that even the prophets are targeted by Satan to mislead them, but they do not fall into his trap because Allah, the Exalted, wishes to keep them protected (ma'sum).
As for other caliphs and kings, sometimes they fall into the snare of an evil advisor and begin to commit wrongful acts.
Some have said that by "good companion" is meant an angel, and by "evil companion" is meant Satan.
Some have said that what is meant are the commanding soul (nafs al-ammarah) and the contented soul (nafs al-mutma'innah).
The narration of al-Awza'i has been transmitted by Imam Ahmad, and the narration of Mu'awiyah radi Allahu anhu has been transmitted by Imam al-Nasa'i.
Both of them have considered Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu as the narrator of the hadith, whereas in the previous narrations it was Abu Sa'id, and it is not known who has transmitted the narrations of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Husayn and Sa'id.
The summary of the details regarding the chain is that there is a difference among the narrators concerning Abu Salamah in this hadith.
Some say Abu Salamah radi Allahu anhu narrated from Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu.
Some say from Abu Sa'id, some say from Abu Ayyub; some transmit from Abu Sa'id as a mawquf (statement of a companion), and some as marfu' (attributed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
Imam al-Nasa'i has transmitted this with a connected chain.
The meaning of the mentioned hadith is that even the prophets are targeted by Satan to mislead them, but they do not fall into his trap because Allah, the Exalted, wishes to keep them protected (ma'sum).
As for other caliphs and kings, sometimes they fall into the snare of an evil advisor and begin to commit wrongful acts.
Some have said that by "good companion" is meant an angel, and by "evil companion" is meant Satan.
Some have said that what is meant are the commanding soul (nafs al-ammarah) and the contented soul (nafs al-mutma'innah).
The narration of al-Awza'i has been transmitted by Imam Ahmad, and the narration of Mu'awiyah radi Allahu anhu has been transmitted by Imam al-Nasa'i.
Both of them have considered Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu as the narrator of the hadith, whereas in the previous narrations it was Abu Sa'id, and it is not known who has transmitted the narrations of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Husayn and Sa'id.
The summary of the details regarding the chain is that there is a difference among the narrators concerning Abu Salamah in this hadith.
Some say Abu Salamah radi Allahu anhu narrated from Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu.
Some say from Abu Sa'id, some say from Abu Ayyub; some transmit from Abu Sa'id as a mawquf (statement of a companion), and some as marfu' (attributed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 7198
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
It is understood from this hadith that even the noble Prophets (alayhimussalam) were subject to attempts by the devils (shayatin) to lead them astray from the right path, but these noble individuals would not fall for their deception and trickery. Allah, the Exalted, would protect them from the plots of the devil. However, apart from the Prophets (alayhimussalam), the devils often succeed in leading other kings and rulers astray, and they, succumbing to his temptations, begin to take interest in evil deeds. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
“My devil is also attached to me, but my devil has become a Muslim and advises me towards good deeds.”
(Sahih Muslim, Sifat al-Munafiqin, Hadith: 7108(2814))
2.
The ruler of the time should appoint trustworthy, reliable, intelligent, and perceptive advisors so that there is no difficulty or hardship in running the affairs of the state.
The condition of the government deteriorates when its affairs are handed over to bad advisors who give the ruler incorrect advice.
(Fath al-Bari: 13/235)
1.
It is understood from this hadith that even the noble Prophets (alayhimussalam) were subject to attempts by the devils (shayatin) to lead them astray from the right path, but these noble individuals would not fall for their deception and trickery. Allah, the Exalted, would protect them from the plots of the devil. However, apart from the Prophets (alayhimussalam), the devils often succeed in leading other kings and rulers astray, and they, succumbing to his temptations, begin to take interest in evil deeds. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
“My devil is also attached to me, but my devil has become a Muslim and advises me towards good deeds.”
(Sahih Muslim, Sifat al-Munafiqin, Hadith: 7108(2814))
2.
The ruler of the time should appoint trustworthy, reliable, intelligent, and perceptive advisors so that there is no difficulty or hardship in running the affairs of the state.
The condition of the government deteriorates when its affairs are handed over to bad advisors who give the ruler incorrect advice.
(Fath al-Bari: 13/235)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 7198
