Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
You uttered these words.
Khalid (radi Allahu anhu) was the governor, but his companions did not accept his incorrect decision.
From this, the meaning of the chapter is established.
Truly, "There is no obedience to the created in disobedience to the Creator."

Hadith Commentary:
➊
Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu should have asked [the person] before deciding to kill him: "What did you mean by this?" Since he made this decision based on his own ijtihad (independent reasoning), the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not punish him.
He merely disassociated himself from Khalid's action so that people would know that this action of Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu was not by the command of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and so that no one would dare to do such a thing in the future.
➋
From this, it is understood that if such a decision is made on the basis of ijtihad and interpretation, then there is no sin upon it. However, since this decision was contrary to the Book and the Sunnah, Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu and his companions refused to accept it.
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam supported their stance and disassociated himself from the killing carried out by Khalid radi Allahu anhu.
(Fath al-Bari: 13/225)

Hadith Commentary:

Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu was the commander of the army, but Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu did not obey him in this command because his order was contrary to the Shariah. When the people of Banu Jadhimah intended by the word "Saba'na" to mean that they had become Muslim, it was necessary for Khalid radi Allahu anhu to refrain from killing them, and this is the reason why the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam expressed his disavowal of Khalid radi Allahu anhu’s action. His mistake was one of ijtihad (independent juristic reasoning). He did not understand the meaning of "Saba'na" as "Aslamna" (we have submitted/embraced Islam), and he acted upon the apparent command that until they accept Islam, fight them.

Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu was the son of Walid al-Qurashi, who was from the Makhzum tribe. His mother was Lubabah al-Sughra, the sister of Umm al-Mu’minin (Mother of the Believers) Maymunah radi Allahu anha. He was from the nobility of Quraysh. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave him the title "Sword of Allah" (Sayf Allah). He passed away in the year 21 AH, radi Allahu anhu.

Ibn Sa’d said:

When Khalid ibn al-Walid returned from demolishing al-‘Uzza, and the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was residing in Makkah, he sent him to Banu Jadhimah as a caller to Islam, and did not send him as a fighter. So he set out with three hundred and fifty men from the Muhajirun, the Ansar, and Banu Sulaym. He reached them and said: "Who are you?" They replied: "We are Muslims, we have prayed, we have believed in Muhammad, we have built mosques in our courtyards, and we have called the adhan (call to prayer) in them." He said: "Then why are you armed?" They replied: "There is enmity between us and a tribe from among the Arabs, so we feared that you might be them." And it has been reported that they said: "Saba’na," and they were not proficient in saying: "Aslamna." He said: "Lay down your weapons," so they laid them down. Then he said to them: "Surrender yourselves," so the people surrendered themselves. He ordered some of them to tie up others, and he distributed them among his companions. When it was the time before dawn, Khalid ibn al-Walid called out: "Whoever has a captive with him, let him strike his neck." As for Banu Sulaym, they killed those who were in their hands, but the Muhajirun and the Ansar released their captives. When the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was informed of what Khalid had done, he said: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ خالد "، وَبَعَثَ عليا يُودِي لَهُمْ قَتْلَاهُمْ وَمَا ذَهَبَ مِنْهُمْ» (Zad al-Ma‘ad).

That is, when Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu returned after destroying al-‘Uzza, at that time the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was still in Makkah. He sent him to Banu Jadhimah for the purpose of preaching (da‘wah), not for fighting. Khalid radi Allahu anhu set out with three hundred and fifty Muhajir and Ansar companions. Some people from Banu Sulaym were also with him. When they reached Banu Jadhimah, he asked them: "Who are you?" They replied: "We are Muslims, we pray, we have recited the testimony of Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and we have built mosques in our neighborhoods and we give the adhan there." They were all armed. Khalid radi Allahu anhu asked: "Why are you carrying weapons on your bodies?" They replied: "There is enmity between us and an Arab tribe. We thought perhaps you were those people." It is also narrated that instead of saying "Aslamna," they said "Saba’na, Saba’na," meaning "We have left our old religion." Khalid radi Allahu anhu ordered them to lay down their weapons. They laid down their weapons, and Khalid radi Allahu anhu ordered their arrest. Thus, Khalid radi Allahu anhu’s companions imprisoned all of them and tied their hands. Khalid radi Allahu anhu distributed them among his companions for their protection. In the morning, he called out that whoever had any captives should kill them. Banu Sulaym killed their captives, but the Ansar and Muhajirun did not obey Khalid radi Allahu anhu’s order and released their captives. When this incident reached the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he expressed his disavowal of Khalid radi Allahu anhu’s action and sent Ali radi Allahu anhu there so that the blood money (diyah) for those who had been killed could be paid and their losses compensated.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) completed the conquest of Makkah, in the month of Sha'ban, 8 AH, he dispatched a missionary delegation under the leadership of Khalid ibn al-Walid (radi Allahu anhu) towards the tribe of Banu Jadhimah, but they did not launch an attack; rather, they preached Islam.
This delegation consisted of three and a half hundred (i.e., 350) Muhajirun, Ansar, and members of Banu Sulaym.
As a result of the preaching, they accepted Islam, but they were unable to express their acceptance of Islam properly.
At this, Khalid ibn al-Walid (radi Allahu anhu) began to kill and capture them.
On this occasion, only the people of Banu Sulaym killed their captives; the Ansar and Muhajirun did not kill anyone.

➋
Since Khalid ibn al-Walid (radi Allahu anhu) made an ijtihadi (independent juristic) error, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) declared himself free of responsibility, but he did not say anything to Khalid (radi Allahu anhu). However, since innocent people of the tribe had been killed, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sent Ali (radi Allahu anhu) and paid the blood money (diyah) for those killed and compensated them for their losses.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/72)

(1) The heading established by Imam Nasa’i rahimahullah has the purpose of showing that if any ruler or leader, etc., makes an incorrect judgment, that judgment will be considered rejected, and therefore it should not be acted upon. This is as Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu refused to accept the decision and command of the legitimate leader, Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu. Subsequently, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam also affirmed this.

(2) From this blessed hadith, the greatness of character of Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma and his true zeal for strictly adhering to the religion with steadfastness is also evident. It is also clear that in religious matters, he was extremely courageous.

(3) This blessed hadith also serves as an explicit text for the important issue that it is forbidden and impermissible to obey or accept the word of any person from the creation, no matter how great, while disobeying the Creator.

(4) The disbelievers used to call Muslims “Sabi.” Its meaning is: one who has left his religion. By this, they meant someone who is irreligious. “Sabana” is derived from this. The intention of Banu Jadhimah was that they had left their ancestral religion and become Muslims, but they used the word that the disbelievers used mockingly for Muslims. This is what led to Khalid ibn al-Walid radi Allahu anhu’s misunderstanding that perhaps they were persisting in their disbelief and mocking them, whereas this was not the case. Khalid began disciplinary action. Since this was his ijtihadi (independent judgment) error, the Messenger of Allah alayhis-salam sufficed with merely expressing disavowal and did not impose any punishment on him.