Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
There is a great admonition here for judges: in a state of anger, a person's senses and awareness become altered, therefore, one should not issue a judgment in such a condition.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
It is prohibited to issue a judgment or a fatwa in a state of anger because anger causes a change in one’s disposition and the senses do not function fully, whereas it is necessary for a person to be composed in every respect when making a decision. There is a possibility of error in a state of anger; therefore, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade making decisions in such a state. Every condition that brings about a similar change in disposition, which affects one’s deliberation—such as: overwhelming hunger, extreme drowsiness, or illness, etc.—falls under the same ruling as anger. However, if someone makes a correct decision while in a state of anger, it will be valid and enforceable.

➋
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is exempt from this ruling because he would always judge according to the truth in every circumstance. For example, when Zubair ibn al-Awwam (radi Allahu anhu) had a dispute with an Ansari regarding the turn for water, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) gave a judgment in favor of Zubair ibn al-Awwam (radi Allahu anhu) while in a state of anger. The clarification of this will come in the following hadith.

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: Imam Nawawi rahimahullah writes:

What is meant here is that a judge should not pass judgment in a state in which he cannot properly reflect and his temperament is not maintained in moderation. For example, if he is suffering from extreme hunger or his stomach is excessively full, if he is overwhelmed by thirst, if he is experiencing intense grief or excessive happiness, or if his heart and mind are preoccupied with another matter. The specification of the state of anger, according to Hafiz Ibn Hajar, is because it overpowers the self, making it difficult to resist, and thus he may transgress the truth.

Explanation:
1:
This is because, in a state of anger, it is not possible to properly reflect upon the statements of both parties.
By analogy, it is not appropriate to make a judgment in any condition that causes disturbance in a person's mind, because in a state of mental agitation, it becomes difficult to reach a correct decision.

Benefits and Issues:
Benefit: In a state of anger, a person generally exceeds the limits of moderation.
Therefore, in such a condition, it is quite possible that a decision may be contrary to justice, so it is necessary to avoid this.
Extreme grief.
Intense anxiety.
Pain due to some illness.
And pain and similar conditions in which concentration is affected will be analogized to anger.

Commentary:

No one other than the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has the right to make a judgment while in a state of anger. The anger due to which rulers, judges, and others in authority are prohibited from making decisions refers to intense anger that temporarily removes the ability to think and understand, thereby posing a risk of an incorrect judgment. However, minor anger that naturally arises upon hearing the crime of a criminal does not prevent one from making a decision. Besides anger, anything else that affects the ability to think and understand—such as extreme hunger, thirst, distress, illness, or overwhelming sleep—falls under the same ruling as anger. It is better that the judgment be written in a gathering separate from the hearing of the case, so that temporary emotions do not influence the decision.

Benefits and Issues:

➊ In a state of anger, a person’s mental condition is not sound, and due to emotions, it is not possible to consider all aspects of matters; therefore, there is a risk that a decision given in this state will not be correct.

➋ The Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was protected from giving an incorrect judgment due to emotions or anger; therefore, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was expressing displeasure. See: (Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Ahkam, Chapter: Should a judge give a verdict or a fatwa while angry? Hadith: 7159)

Benefit:
From this it is understood that a judge should not issue a verdict while in a state of anger.