Bukhari

Hadith Commentary: Hafiz Sahib rahimahullah states:

“In this hadith, there is the legislation of saying takbir at the throwing of each pebble, and there is consensus that if someone leaves it, nothing is obligatory upon him, except for al-Thawri, who says that he should feed the poor, and if he compensates with a sacrificial animal (dam), that is preferable to me. And from this hadith, it is also known that stoning with seven pebbles is legislated, and it has also been established that after stoning, facing the qiblah and standing for a long time in supplication is legislated.

It is mentioned that Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu would stand near the two jamarat for as long as it takes to recite Surah al-Baqarah.

From this hadith, it is also known that it is legislated to stand for supplication at a distance from the place of stoning, so that one is not struck by someone else’s pebbles. And from this hadith, it is also known that raising the hands in supplication at that time is legislated, and also that at Jamrat al-‘Aqabah, neither standing nor supplicating is to be done; rather, after throwing the pebbles, one should return immediately.” (Fath al-Bari)

That is, in this hadith, the legislation of saying takbir at the throwing of each pebble is mentioned, and there is consensus that if someone omits it, nothing is obligatory upon him, except that al-Thawri says he should feed the poor, and if he offers a sacrificial animal (dam), that is better. And from this hadith, it is also known that stoning with seven pebbles is legislated, and it is also established that after stoning, facing the qiblah and standing for a long time in supplication is legislated.

It is mentioned that Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu would stand near the two jamarat for as long as it takes to recite Surah al-Baqarah.

From this hadith, it is also known that it is legislated to stand for supplication at a distance from the place of stoning, so that one is not struck by someone else’s pebbles. And from this hadith, it is also known that raising the hands in supplication at that time is legislated, and also that at Jamrat al-‘Aqabah, neither standing nor supplicating is to be done; rather, after throwing the pebbles, one should return immediately.

Further Instructions:

Until the 11th of Dhul-Hijjah, these dates are called the Days of Tashreeq. After performing the Tawaf al-Ifadah, which is done on the 10th, one should remain encamped in the plain of Mina during the subsequent days.

These are days of eating and drinking; fasting is prohibited during them.

During these days, every day after the sun passes its zenith and before the Dhuhr prayer, pebbles must be thrown at all three jamarat, as narrated by Aisha radi Allahu anha:

«أَفَاضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ آخِرِ يَوْمِهِ حِينَ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مِنًى، فَمَكَثَ بِهَا لَيَالِيَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ يَرْمِي الْجَمْرَةَ، إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ كُلُّ جَمْرَةٍ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ، وَيَقِفُ عِنْدَ الْأُولَى، وَالثَّانِيَةِ فَيُطِيلُ الْقِيَامَ، وَيَتَضَرَّعُ، وَيَرْمِي الثَّالِثَةَ وَلَا يَقِفُ عِنْدَهَا» (Narrated by Abu Dawud)

That is, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam completed the Tawaf al-Ifadah by Dhuhr prayer, then returned to Mina and stayed there during the nights of the Days of Tashreeq.

After the sun passed its zenith, he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would perform the stoning of the jamarat every day, throwing seven pebbles at each jamrah and raising the slogan of takbir with each pebble.

At the first and second jamrah, he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would stand for a long time, weeping and supplicating before Allah.

At the third jamrah, he would not stand after throwing the pebbles.

Thus, one must remain in Mina until the zenith of the 13th of Dhul-Hijjah.

During these days, reciting the takbirat is also necessary. The pebbles may also be thrown after the Dhuhr prayer.

What is the stoning of the jamarat?

Throwing pebbles and performing the sa’i between Safa and Marwah are acts established to maintain the remembrance of Allah, as is narrated marfu‘an from Aisha radi Allahu anha in Tirmidhi.

Throwing pebbles is stoning the Shaytan; it is following the sunnah of Ibrahim alayhis salam. When the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had completed the rites of Hajj, Shaytan appeared before him at Jamrat al-‘Aqabah, and he alayhis salam threw seven pebbles at him, causing him to sink into the earth.

Then at the second jamrah, Shaytan appeared again, and he alayhis salam threw seven pebbles at him, causing him to sink into the earth. Then at the third jamrah, Shaytan appeared again, and he alayhis salam threw seven pebbles at him, causing him to sink into the earth.

These are commemorations of that incident.

By throwing the pebbles, one of the most deadly sins is forgiven, and for the one who throws the pebbles, those pebbles will be a source of light for him on the Day of Resurrection.

The pebbles that are accepted in the court of Allah are lifted from there; if this were not the case, the mountains would have become heaps (Mishkat, Majma‘ al-Zawa’id).

Now, the details of each of the three jamarat are written separately.

Jamrah al-Ula:

This is the first pillar, which is called the first Shaytan.

It is in the marketplace towards Masjid al-Khaif.

On the 11th, begin throwing pebbles at this one. While throwing, the qiblah should be to your left and Mina to your right.

Say “Allahu Akbar” and throw each pebble as previously described.

After throwing all seven pebbles, move a few steps towards the qiblah, face the qiblah, raise both hands, and recite tasbih, tahmid, tahlil, and takbir, and make abundant supplication.

The sunnah is to supplicate and remember Allah here for as long as it takes to recite Surah al-Baqarah. If that is not possible, then whatever is possible should be considered a blessing.

Jamrah al-Wusta:

This is the middle pillar. Just as you threw pebbles at the first jamrah, do the same here. Then move a few steps to the left, stand in the lower ground facing the qiblah, and supplicate as before, remaining engaged in the praise and glorification of Allah for as long as it takes to recite Surah al-Baqarah.

(Bukhari)

Jamrah al-‘Aqabah:

This pillar is towards the direction of the Ka‘bah and is called the “big Shaytan.”

Throw the pebbles at it in the same manner.

However, after throwing the pebbles here, one should not stay, nor should there be any remembrance or supplication here.

(Bukhari)

This is the program until the zenith of the 13th of Dhul-Hijjah, i.e., one should remain in Mina until the zenith of the 13th and perform the stoning of the jamarat at the appointed times each day.

However, for those in need, such as camel herders, the servants of Zamzam, and those with necessary work, it is permitted to throw fourteen pebbles on the 11th (i.e., for both the 11th and 12th) and then leave, and then on the 13th, throw the pebbles for the 13th and depart from Mina. If someone throws the pebbles for the 13th on the 12th and leaves Mina, it is permissible but not preferable.

During the stay in Mina, prayers should be performed in congregation at Masjid al-Khaif.

One cannot combine prayers here, but one may shorten them (qasr).

Entering the mosque near the jamarat and performing tawaf there is an innovation (bid‘ah). After stoning the three jamarat on the 13th after the zenith, one should return to Makkah, proceeding directly to the valley of Muhassab, which is a stony plain near Makkah, also known as Hasib al-Batha’, Batha’, and Khaif Bani Kinana. There, one should perform the Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers and sleep.

Early in the morning, after the Fajr of the 14th, enter Makkah.

The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did likewise. If someone does not stay in this valley, there is no harm, but he will miss the sunnah. Staying here is not among the pillars of Hajj, but we should always strive not to abandon the sunnah as much as possible, as a poet of the sunnah says:

“Walk steadfastly on the path of the sunnah, for it leads straight to Jannat al-Firdaws.”

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
In this hadith, there is mention of raising the hands and making supplication at length near the first and second Jamrah. Imam Bukhari rahimahullah also intends to establish this point, but standing and making supplication near the third Jamrah is not established. Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah writes that in this hadith, the legitimacy of saying "Allahu Akbar" at the time of throwing each pebble is mentioned. And there is consensus (ijma‘) that if someone omits it, nothing is obligatory upon him; however, Imam Thawri says that he should feed the poor, and if he offers a sacrificial animal (dam) as expiation, that is even better.

(2)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has not established any heading regarding whether the one performing the stoning (rami) should go on foot or mounted; however, Imam Ibn Abi Shaybah has stated that Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu used to go on foot, and it is narrated from Jabir radi Allahu anhu that he would only use a mount as much as was necessary.
(Fath al-Bari: 3/738)

(3)
It should be clear that the aforementioned hadith is not mursal, because its complete chain of narration (isnad) has been mentioned at the end of the text. At most, it can be said that its text has been mentioned before some parts of its chain of narration.
(Fath al-Bari: 3/737)