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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْبَابُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي خَلَافَتِهِThe first chapter regarding his caliphate
Hadith 12395
اُردوEn
وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ عَنْ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ جَاءَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فَصَعِدَ إِلَيْهِ الْمِنْبَرَ فَضَمَّهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ وَمَسَحَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَقَالَ ”ابْنِي هَذَا سَيِّدٌ وَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُصْلِحَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ بَيْنَ فِئَتَيْنِ عَظِيمَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ“
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: One day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was delivering a sermon when Sayyiduna Hasan bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came. He came and went up to you on the pulpit. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) embraced him to his chest and passed his hand over his head and said: This son of mine is a leader, and it is hoped that through him Allah Almighty will reconcile two great groups of Muslims.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … A murderous attack was carried out on Sayyiduna Ali radi Allahu anhu, and on the third day after being wounded, on the 20th of Ramadan, 40 AH, he departed from this mortal world.
After him, in the same month, allegiance (bay‘ah) was given to Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu, who was very gentle-natured, forbearing, peace-loving, and naturally averse to conflict and fighting.
After the martyrdom of Sayyiduna Ali radi Allahu anhu, Sayyiduna Amir Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu was given the opportunity to fulfill his long-standing desire to govern the Islamic world, so he marched his army towards Iraq. When Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu received news of the advance of the Syrian army, he sent Qais bin Sa‘d al-Ansari radi Allahu anhu ahead with twelve thousand troops to confront them, and he himself set out behind them. Although there are examples of treachery from the Iraqi army, the number of devoted followers was also considerable. The real matter was that Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu did not wish to acquire the caliphate at the cost of Muslim blood, so he, on a few conditions, announced his abdication in favor of Sayyiduna Amir Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu in Rabi‘ al-Awwal, 41 AH. Thus, the duration of his caliphate amounts to six months.
With this abdication, the following prophecy of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was fulfilled:
Hasan al-Basri says: “When Hasan bin Ali radi Allahu anhuma set out towards Muawiyah with the armies, Amr bin al-‘As radi Allahu anhu said to Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu: ‘I see an army that will not turn back until the rear of it has turned (i.e., until it has fought to the end).’ Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu said: ‘Who will be the guardian of the children of the Muslims?’ He (Amr) said: ‘I will.’ Then Abdullah bin Amir and Abdur Rahman bin Samurah said: ‘We will meet him and propose reconciliation to him.’ Hasan al-Basri said: I heard Abu Bakrah radi Allahu anhu narrate: The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was delivering a sermon when Hasan radi Allahu anhu came. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ‘This son of mine is a leader, and perhaps Allah will bring reconciliation between two groups of Muslims through him.’” (Sahih Bukhari: 7109)
When Sayyiduna Hasan bin Ali radi Allahu anhuma set out with the armies towards Muawiyah, Sayyiduna Amr bin al-‘As radi Allahu anhu said to Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu: “In my opinion, this army will not turn back until those facing them turn their backs.” Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu said: “Who will be the guardian of the children of the Muslims?” He replied: “I will.” Then Abdullah bin Amir and Abdur Rahman bin Samurah said: “We will meet him and propose reconciliation.” Hasan al-Basri said: I heard Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah radi Allahu anhu narrate: The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was delivering a sermon when Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu came. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “This son of mine is a leader, and perhaps Allah, through him, will bring reconciliation between two groups of Muslims.”
Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: In this story is one of the signs of prophethood (that the prophecy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was fulfilled), and it is also a virtue of Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu that he relinquished authority without scarcity, humiliation, or any defect, and in desire for Allah’s reward, he prevented the shedding of Muslim blood. Thus, he gave consideration to the matter of religion and the welfare of the Ummah. In this hadith is also a refutation of the Khawarij, who declared Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhuma and those who supported them to be disbelievers, because the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam testified regarding both groups that they would be Muslims. (Fath al-Bari: 13/83)
After him, in the same month, allegiance (bay‘ah) was given to Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu, who was very gentle-natured, forbearing, peace-loving, and naturally averse to conflict and fighting.
After the martyrdom of Sayyiduna Ali radi Allahu anhu, Sayyiduna Amir Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu was given the opportunity to fulfill his long-standing desire to govern the Islamic world, so he marched his army towards Iraq. When Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu received news of the advance of the Syrian army, he sent Qais bin Sa‘d al-Ansari radi Allahu anhu ahead with twelve thousand troops to confront them, and he himself set out behind them. Although there are examples of treachery from the Iraqi army, the number of devoted followers was also considerable. The real matter was that Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu did not wish to acquire the caliphate at the cost of Muslim blood, so he, on a few conditions, announced his abdication in favor of Sayyiduna Amir Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu in Rabi‘ al-Awwal, 41 AH. Thus, the duration of his caliphate amounts to six months.
With this abdication, the following prophecy of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was fulfilled:
Hasan al-Basri says: “When Hasan bin Ali radi Allahu anhuma set out towards Muawiyah with the armies, Amr bin al-‘As radi Allahu anhu said to Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu: ‘I see an army that will not turn back until the rear of it has turned (i.e., until it has fought to the end).’ Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu said: ‘Who will be the guardian of the children of the Muslims?’ He (Amr) said: ‘I will.’ Then Abdullah bin Amir and Abdur Rahman bin Samurah said: ‘We will meet him and propose reconciliation to him.’ Hasan al-Basri said: I heard Abu Bakrah radi Allahu anhu narrate: The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was delivering a sermon when Hasan radi Allahu anhu came. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ‘This son of mine is a leader, and perhaps Allah will bring reconciliation between two groups of Muslims through him.’” (Sahih Bukhari: 7109)
When Sayyiduna Hasan bin Ali radi Allahu anhuma set out with the armies towards Muawiyah, Sayyiduna Amr bin al-‘As radi Allahu anhu said to Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu: “In my opinion, this army will not turn back until those facing them turn their backs.” Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu said: “Who will be the guardian of the children of the Muslims?” He replied: “I will.” Then Abdullah bin Amir and Abdur Rahman bin Samurah said: “We will meet him and propose reconciliation.” Hasan al-Basri said: I heard Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah radi Allahu anhu narrate: The Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was delivering a sermon when Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu came. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “This son of mine is a leader, and perhaps Allah, through him, will bring reconciliation between two groups of Muslims.”
Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: In this story is one of the signs of prophethood (that the prophecy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was fulfilled), and it is also a virtue of Sayyiduna Hasan radi Allahu anhu that he relinquished authority without scarcity, humiliation, or any defect, and in desire for Allah’s reward, he prevented the shedding of Muslim blood. Thus, he gave consideration to the matter of religion and the welfare of the Ummah. In this hadith is also a refutation of the Khawarij, who declared Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Muawiyah radi Allahu anhuma and those who supported them to be disbelievers, because the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam testified regarding both groups that they would be Muslims. (Fath al-Bari: 13/83)
