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الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتاب الظلمBook of Oppression
بَابُ الظُّلْمُ ظُلُمَاتٌChapter: Oppression Is Darkness
Hadith 489
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ مَسْرُوقٌ وَشُتَيْرُ بْنُ شَكَلٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَتَقَوَّضَ إِلَيْهِمَا حِلَقُ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ: لاَ أَرَى هَؤُلاَءِ يَجْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْنَا إِلاَّ لِيَسْتَمِعُوا مِنَّا خَيْرًا، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُحَدِّثَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَأُصَدِّقَكَ أَنَا، وَإِمَّا أَنْ أُحَدِّثَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَتُصَدِّقَنِي؟ فَقَالَ: حَدِّثْ يَا أَبَا عَائِشَةَ، قَالَ: هَلْ سَمِعْتَ عَبْدَ اللهِ يَقُولُ: الْعَيْنَانِ يَزْنِيَانِ، وَالْيَدَانِ يَزْنِيَانِ، وَالرِّجْلاَنِ يَزْنِيَانِ، وَالْفَرْجُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: وَأَنَا سَمِعْتُهُ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ عَبْدَ اللهِ يَقُولُ: مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ آيَةٌ أَجْمَعَ لِحَلاَلٍ وَحَرَامٍ وَأَمْرٍ وَنَهْيٍ، مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ [النحل: 90]؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: وَأَنَا قَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ عَبْدَ اللهِ يَقُولُ: مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ آيَةٌ أَسْرَعَ فَرَجًا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا﴾ [الطلاق: 2]؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: وَأَنَا قَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ عَبْدَ اللهِ يَقُولُ: مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ آيَةٌ أَشَدَّ تَفْوِيضًا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لاَ تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللهِ﴾ [الزمر: 53]؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: وَأَنَا سَمِعْتُهُ.
It is narrated from Abu al-Duha (may Allah have mercy on him) that Masruq and Shatir bin Shakl (may Allah have mercy on them) gathered together in the mosque, and the circles of people in the mosque gathered around them. Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: These people have gathered around us only to hear good and virtuous things from us, so you narrate from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and I will confirm you, or I will narrate to them and you confirm me. Shatir bin Shakl (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Aisha, you narrate. He (Masruq, may Allah have mercy on him) said: Did you hear from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him)? He said: The eyes commit adultery, the hands commit adultery, and the feet also commit adultery, and the private part confirms it or denies it. He said: Yes, I have indeed heard this from him. Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Did you hear Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) say that regarding what is lawful and unlawful, and commands and prohibitions, there is no verse in the Noble Qur'an more comprehensive than this verse: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى» [النحل: 90]? He said: Yes, I have heard this from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him). Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Did you hear Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) say that there is no verse in the Qur'an greater than «وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا» [الطلاق: 2] in opening the way to ease for those who act upon it? Shatir bin Shakl (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I have indeed heard this from him as well. Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Did you hear Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) say that there is no verse in the Qur'an greater than «يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لاَ تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللهِ» [الزمر: 53] that teaches the servants to entrust (their affairs to Allah)? Shatir bin Shakl (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Yes, I have heard this from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
➊ Among the righteous predecessors (salaf salihin), there was a great enthusiasm for learning and teaching. People would sit in circles in the mosques and benefit from the scholars. The scholars, too, would guide the people with goodwill and compassion. Imam Masruq rahimahullah purified his soul in a most effective manner and narrated the ahadith of Ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhu to the people.
➋ The beginning of adultery (zina) is with the gaze, which is why the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam commanded the protection of the gaze. Whoever does not guard his gaze easily falls into evil. The adultery of the eye is looking, the adultery of the hands is touching, and the adultery of the feet is walking towards it. The statement of Allah, the Exalted, is: ﴿وَلَا تَقربوا الزنا﴾ “Do not go near adultery,” meaning, avoid even its preliminaries.
➌ Imam Qurtubi, quoting Ibn al-‘Arabi, writes that justice between the servant and Allah is that the servant gives preference to Allah’s right over his own interests, considers Allah’s pleasure superior to his own desires, refrains from what He has forbidden, and fulfills His commands. And justice among the servants is that they wish well for one another, refrain from betrayal in both small and large matters, and are patient over any harm they receive from each other. Ihsan means to worship Allah in the truest sense; in other words, a person’s inner state should be even better than his outward state. And the meaning of “giving to relatives” (ita’ dhil-qurba) is to fulfill the rights of the servants (‘ibad). Thus, this verse is comprehensive regarding the lawful and unlawful, and the commands and prohibitions. (Sharh Sahih al-Adab al-Mufrad)
➍ The pinnacle of humanity is taqwa (God-consciousness). The solution to all difficulties and worries lies in this. When the taqwa of Allah enters the heart, both this world becomes easy and the Hereafter is set right.
➎ No matter how much a person adheres to the lawful and unlawful, acts upon the commands and prohibitions, and is God-fearing (muttaqi), until he places his trust in Allah and has a good opinion of His exalted Self—that He is the One who forgives sins and accepts repentance, and that all power belongs to Him—salvation is not possible.
➊ Among the righteous predecessors (salaf salihin), there was a great enthusiasm for learning and teaching. People would sit in circles in the mosques and benefit from the scholars. The scholars, too, would guide the people with goodwill and compassion. Imam Masruq rahimahullah purified his soul in a most effective manner and narrated the ahadith of Ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhu to the people.
➋ The beginning of adultery (zina) is with the gaze, which is why the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam commanded the protection of the gaze. Whoever does not guard his gaze easily falls into evil. The adultery of the eye is looking, the adultery of the hands is touching, and the adultery of the feet is walking towards it. The statement of Allah, the Exalted, is: ﴿وَلَا تَقربوا الزنا﴾ “Do not go near adultery,” meaning, avoid even its preliminaries.
➌ Imam Qurtubi, quoting Ibn al-‘Arabi, writes that justice between the servant and Allah is that the servant gives preference to Allah’s right over his own interests, considers Allah’s pleasure superior to his own desires, refrains from what He has forbidden, and fulfills His commands. And justice among the servants is that they wish well for one another, refrain from betrayal in both small and large matters, and are patient over any harm they receive from each other. Ihsan means to worship Allah in the truest sense; in other words, a person’s inner state should be even better than his outward state. And the meaning of “giving to relatives” (ita’ dhil-qurba) is to fulfill the rights of the servants (‘ibad). Thus, this verse is comprehensive regarding the lawful and unlawful, and the commands and prohibitions. (Sharh Sahih al-Adab al-Mufrad)
➍ The pinnacle of humanity is taqwa (God-consciousness). The solution to all difficulties and worries lies in this. When the taqwa of Allah enters the heart, both this world becomes easy and the Hereafter is set right.
➎ No matter how much a person adheres to the lawful and unlawful, acts upon the commands and prohibitions, and is God-fearing (muttaqi), until he places his trust in Allah and has a good opinion of His exalted Self—that He is the One who forgives sins and accepts repentance, and that all power belongs to Him—salvation is not possible.
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 489
