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الادب المفرد
Adab al-Mufrad
كتاب السبابBook of Insulting
بَابُ سِبَابِ الْمُسْلِمِ فُسُوقٌChapter: Insulting a Muslim Is Wickedness
Hadith 433
اُردوEn
وَبِالسَّنَدِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ”مَنِ ادَّعَى لِغَيْرِ أَبِيهِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى قَوْمًا لَيْسَ هُوَ مِنْهُمْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ، وَمَنْ دَعَا رَجُلاً بِالْكُفْرِ، أَوْ قَالَ: عَدُوُّ اللهِ، وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ إِلا حَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ.“
With this chain of narration, it is reported from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) that he heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: "Whoever knowingly claims someone other than his father as his father, he has committed disbelief (kufr) (with Allah). Similarly, whoever claims to belong to a people while he is not one of them, he should take his place in the Fire. And whoever calls a man a disbeliever (kafir) or says, 'O enemy of Allah,' while he is not so, then its consequence will return upon the one who said it."
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Usman Muneeb
Benefits and Issues:
➊ Whoever knows that so-and-so is his father, but calls someone else his father, such a person is committing a grave sin. He should repent. Commonly among us, those who are childless take a relative’s child, raise him, and he is attributed to their name. Taking someone’s child and raising him is permissible; however, attributing him to oneself is not correct. His attribution will be to his real parents. Similarly, he will inherit from his biological parents, not from those who raised him. At most, these foster parents can bequeath up to one third (⅓) of their wealth to him as a will; the rest will go to the actual heirs. Likewise, transferring all wealth to him during one’s lifetime with the intention of depriving the rightful heirs is also impermissible.
➋ The division of tribes and clans is for identification purposes. If a tribe or clan gains fame and honor due to its qualities, people begin to attribute themselves to it. Doing so is forbidden (haram). This is deception, which is why the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) prohibited it.
➌ Whoever calls a Muslim a disbeliever (kafir) while he is not, the one who says it becomes a disbeliever himself. This also refutes the takfiri people who do not consider anyone but themselves to be Muslim, even though they themselves are far removed from Islamic teachings.
➊ Whoever knows that so-and-so is his father, but calls someone else his father, such a person is committing a grave sin. He should repent. Commonly among us, those who are childless take a relative’s child, raise him, and he is attributed to their name. Taking someone’s child and raising him is permissible; however, attributing him to oneself is not correct. His attribution will be to his real parents. Similarly, he will inherit from his biological parents, not from those who raised him. At most, these foster parents can bequeath up to one third (⅓) of their wealth to him as a will; the rest will go to the actual heirs. Likewise, transferring all wealth to him during one’s lifetime with the intention of depriving the rightful heirs is also impermissible.
➋ The division of tribes and clans is for identification purposes. If a tribe or clan gains fame and honor due to its qualities, people begin to attribute themselves to it. Doing so is forbidden (haram). This is deception, which is why the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) prohibited it.
➌ Whoever calls a Muslim a disbeliever (kafir) while he is not, the one who says it becomes a disbeliever himself. This also refutes the takfiri people who do not consider anyone but themselves to be Muslim, even though they themselves are far removed from Islamic teachings.
Source: Fadlullah al-Ahad: Urdu Commentary on al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page: 433
