Fiqh rulings and issues of Zakat in the light of the Quran and Hadith: Volume 01: Page 286
Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
A discussion on the Zakat of grains, fruits, honey, minerals, and buried wealth.
And peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings!
الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام علىٰ رسول الله، أما بعد!
Allah, the Exalted, says:
﴿يـٰأَيُّهَا الَّذينَ ءامَنوا أَنفِقوا مِن طَيِّبـٰتِ ما كَسَبتُم وَمِمّا أَخرَجنا لَكُم مِنَ الأَرضِ وَلا تَيَمَّمُوا الخَبيثَ مِنهُ تُنفِقونَ وَلَستُم بِـٔاخِذيهِ إِلّا أَن تُغمِضوا فيهِ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِىٌّ حَميدٌ ﴿٢٦٧﴾... سورة البقرة
"O you who have believed! Spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth. And do not aim toward the bad to spend from it while you would not take it yourself except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy."
In the Holy Quran, Zakat is also referred to as "Infaq," meaning to spend. Allah, the Exalted, says:
﴿وَالَّذينَ يَكنِزونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالفِضَّةَ وَلا يُنفِقونَها فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ... ﴿٣٤﴾... سورة التوبة
"And those who hoard gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah - give them tidings of a painful punishment."
The rulings and amounts of Zakat on grains and fruits are clearly stated in authentic and well-known Hadiths. There is consensus among the Muslim Ummah that Zakat is obligatory on wheat, barley, dates, and raisins, and similarly, Zakat is also obligatory on other grains such as rice and chickpeas.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَلاَ حَبٍّ صَدَقَةٌ "
"There is no Zakat in less than five wasqs of dates or grain."
He also said:
"فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ وَالعُيُونُ أَوْ كَانَ عَثَرِيًّا العُشْرُ"
"For crops that are irrigated by rainwater, spring water, or the natural moisture of the earth, there is a tenth (ushr)."
① Dates, raisins, and all fruits that can be weighed and stored are subject to Zakat, provided they reach the minimum threshold (nisab).
Saidna Abu Sa'id Khudri رضي الله تعالیٰ عنه reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ "
"There is no Zakat on less than five Wasq."
✔ One Wasq = sixty Sa'
✔ One Sa' = four handfuls (filled with both hands of an average person)
✔ The approximate weight is about 2 kilograms 100 grams per Sa'
There are two fundamental conditions for the obligation of Zakat on grains and fruits:
① It must reach the Nisab amount (five Wasq, approximately 630 kilograms)
② It must be in one's ownership when the fruits ripen or the grains harden
If it is purchased afterward or obtained as a wage, Zakat will not be obligatory on it.
◈ If the crops are watered without hardship (rain, river, spring), then it is one-tenth (10%).
"فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ وَالعُيُونُ أَوْ كَانَ عَثَرِيًّا العُشْرُ"
"On the land that is watered by the sky (rain) or springs, there is one-tenth."
"فِيمَا سَقَتْ الْأَنْهَارُ وَالْغَيْمُ الْعُشْرُ"
"On the land that is irrigated by rivers or clouds, there is one-tenth."
◈ If watered with hardship (well, waterwheel, etc.), then it is one-half of one-tenth (5%).
"وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ"
"And that which is watered with hardship has one-half of one-tenth."
"وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالسَّانِيَةِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ"
"And that which is watered by a waterwheel has one-half of one-tenth."
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ"
"There is a fifth part in buried treasure."
Zakat on gold and silver is established through the Book, Sunnah, and consensus.
﴿وَالَّذينَ يَكنِزونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالفِضَّةَ وَلا يُنفِقونَها فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرهُم بِعَذابٍ أَليمٍ ﴿٣٤﴾... سورة التوبة
"Those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah, give them the news of a painful punishment."
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ وَلَا فِضَّةٍ لَا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ صُفِّحَتْ لَهُ صَفَائِحَ مِنْ نَارٍ"
"Whoever possesses gold or silver and does not pay its due, on the Day of Resurrection, sheets of fire will be made for him."
✔ Minimum amount for gold: twenty mithqals (approximately 7.5 tolas)
✔ Minimum amount for silver: two hundred dirhams (approximately 52.5 tolas)
✔ Amount of Zakat: one-fortieth (2.5%)
"كَانَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ كُلِّ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا فَصَاعِدًا نِصْفَ دِينَارٍ "
"The Prophet ﷺ used to take half a dinar on every twenty dinars or more."
"وَفِي الرِّقَّةِ رُبْعُ الْعُشْرِ"
"There is a fortieth part in silver."
ھذا ما عندی والله اعلم بالصواب
Question
Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
A discussion on the Zakat of grains, fruits, honey, minerals, and buried wealth.
Answer with the help of Allah, provided the question is correct
And peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings!
الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام علىٰ رسول الله، أما بعد!
Allah, the Exalted, says:
﴿يـٰأَيُّهَا الَّذينَ ءامَنوا أَنفِقوا مِن طَيِّبـٰتِ ما كَسَبتُم وَمِمّا أَخرَجنا لَكُم مِنَ الأَرضِ وَلا تَيَمَّمُوا الخَبيثَ مِنهُ تُنفِقونَ وَلَستُم بِـٔاخِذيهِ إِلّا أَن تُغمِضوا فيهِ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِىٌّ حَميدٌ ﴿٢٦٧﴾... سورة البقرة
"O you who have believed! Spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth. And do not aim toward the bad to spend from it while you would not take it yourself except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy."
Reference: Al-Baqarah:267
In the Holy Quran, Zakat is also referred to as "Infaq," meaning to spend. Allah, the Exalted, says:
﴿وَالَّذينَ يَكنِزونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالفِضَّةَ وَلا يُنفِقونَها فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ... ﴿٣٤﴾... سورة التوبة
"And those who hoard gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah - give them tidings of a painful punishment."
Reference: At-Tawbah 9/34
Zakat on Grains and Fruits
The rulings and amounts of Zakat on grains and fruits are clearly stated in authentic and well-known Hadiths. There is consensus among the Muslim Ummah that Zakat is obligatory on wheat, barley, dates, and raisins, and similarly, Zakat is also obligatory on other grains such as rice and chickpeas.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَلاَ حَبٍّ صَدَقَةٌ "
"There is no Zakat in less than five wasqs of dates or grain."
Reference: Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: There is no charity in what is less than five wasqs, Hadith 979
He also said:
"فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ وَالعُيُونُ أَوْ كَانَ عَثَرِيًّا العُشْرُ"
"For crops that are irrigated by rainwater, spring water, or the natural moisture of the earth, there is a tenth (ushr)."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Chapter: The tenth in what is irrigated by rainwater and flowing water, Hadith 1483
(1) Which fruits are obligatory for Zakat?
① Dates, raisins, and all fruits that can be weighed and stored are subject to Zakat, provided they reach the minimum threshold (nisab).
Saidna Abu Sa'id Khudri رضي الله تعالیٰ عنه reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ "
"There is no Zakat on less than five Wasq."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Chapter: What is due in Zakat is not considered treasure, Hadith 1405; Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: There is no Zakat on what is less than five Wasq, Hadith 979
✔ One Wasq = sixty Sa'
✔ One Sa' = four handfuls (filled with both hands of an average person)
✔ The approximate weight is about 2 kilograms 100 grams per Sa'
(2) Conditions for the Obligation of Zakat
There are two fundamental conditions for the obligation of Zakat on grains and fruits:
① It must reach the Nisab amount (five Wasq, approximately 630 kilograms)
② It must be in one's ownership when the fruits ripen or the grains harden
If it is purchased afterward or obtained as a wage, Zakat will not be obligatory on it.
(3) Amount of Zakat
◈ If the crops are watered without hardship (rain, river, spring), then it is one-tenth (10%).
"فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ وَالعُيُونُ أَوْ كَانَ عَثَرِيًّا العُشْرُ"
"On the land that is watered by the sky (rain) or springs, there is one-tenth."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Chapter: One-tenth in what is watered by rainwater and flowing water, Hadith 1483
"فِيمَا سَقَتْ الْأَنْهَارُ وَالْغَيْمُ الْعُشْرُ"
"On the land that is irrigated by rivers or clouds, there is one-tenth."
Reference: Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: What has one-tenth or half one-tenth, Hadith 981
◈ If watered with hardship (well, waterwheel, etc.), then it is one-half of one-tenth (5%).
"وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ"
"And that which is watered with hardship has one-half of one-tenth."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Chapter: One-tenth in what is watered by rainwater and flowing water, Hadith 1483
"وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالسَّانِيَةِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ"
"And that which is watered by a waterwheel has one-half of one-tenth."
Reference: Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: What has one-tenth or half one-tenth, Hadith 981
The Ruling on Treasure (Buried Wealth)
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ"
"There is a fifth part in buried treasure."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Chapter on Buried Treasure, Hadith 1499; Sahih Muslim, Hudud, Chapter on the Injury of Animals, Minerals, and Humans, Hadith 1710
Zakat on Wealth
Zakat on gold and silver is established through the Book, Sunnah, and consensus.
﴿وَالَّذينَ يَكنِزونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالفِضَّةَ وَلا يُنفِقونَها فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرهُم بِعَذابٍ أَليمٍ ﴿٣٤﴾... سورة التوبة
"Those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah, give them the news of a painful punishment."
Reference: At-Tawbah 9/34
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ وَلَا فِضَّةٍ لَا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ صُفِّحَتْ لَهُ صَفَائِحَ مِنْ نَارٍ"
"Whoever possesses gold or silver and does not pay its due, on the Day of Resurrection, sheets of fire will be made for him."
Reference: Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter on the Sin of Withholding Zakat, Hadith 987
✔ Minimum amount for gold: twenty mithqals (approximately 7.5 tolas)
✔ Minimum amount for silver: two hundred dirhams (approximately 52.5 tolas)
✔ Amount of Zakat: one-fortieth (2.5%)
"كَانَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ كُلِّ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا فَصَاعِدًا نِصْفَ دِينَارٍ "
"The Prophet ﷺ used to take half a dinar on every twenty dinars or more."
Reference: Sunan Ibn Majah, Zakat, Chapter on Zakat of Silver and Gold, Hadith 1791
"وَفِي الرِّقَّةِ رُبْعُ الْعُشْرِ"
"There is a fortieth part in silver."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Chapter on Zakat of Sheep, Hadith 1454
ھذا ما عندی والله اعلم بالصواب
