❖ Question:
What is the ruling for someone who becomes aware of the beginning of Ramadan after the appearance of true dawn (ṣubḥ ṣādiq) due to sleep or another reason?
❖ Answer:
If a person comes to know about the arrival of Ramadan after the appearance of true dawn (ṣubḥ ṣādiq), it is obligatory for them to refrain for the rest of the day from all things that invalidate the fast. This is because it is a day of Ramadan, during which a healthy and resident Muslim is not permitted to indulge in anything that breaks the fast.
However, they are also required to make up (qadā’) that day's fast, since they did not make the intention (niyyah) before dawn. This ruling is based on the saying of the Prophet ﷺ:
"Whoever did not make the intention to fast before Fajr, then there is no fast for him."
— Authentic: Sunan Abī Dāwūd (Hadith 2143, 2454), Sunan at-Tirmidhī (Hadith 583, 733), Sunan Ibn Mājah (Hadith 1379, 1700), Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿ (Hadith 6534, 6535), Irwā’ al-Ghalīl (Hadith 914)
This has been reported by Ḥafṣah (رضي الله عنها) and ʿĀ’ishah (رضي الله عنها). Ibn Qudāmah (رحمه الله) cited it in al-Mughnī (4/387, no. 498). This is also the opinion of the majority of jurists, and it specifically applies to obligatory fasts.
As for voluntary (nafl) fasts, it is permissible to make the intention during the day, provided that nothing which invalidates the fast has been consumed up to that point. This is supported by an authentic Hadith of the Prophet ﷺ.
— Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Book of Fasting, Chapter: Validity of Voluntary Fasting with Midday Intention (Hadith 1154)
May Allah grant all Muslims the ability to follow His commands and accept their fasting and nightly prayers. Indeed, He is All-Hearing and Ever-Near.
— Shaykh Ibn Bāz (رحمه الله)
What is the ruling for someone who becomes aware of the beginning of Ramadan after the appearance of true dawn (ṣubḥ ṣādiq) due to sleep or another reason?
❖ Answer:
If a person comes to know about the arrival of Ramadan after the appearance of true dawn (ṣubḥ ṣādiq), it is obligatory for them to refrain for the rest of the day from all things that invalidate the fast. This is because it is a day of Ramadan, during which a healthy and resident Muslim is not permitted to indulge in anything that breaks the fast.
However, they are also required to make up (qadā’) that day's fast, since they did not make the intention (niyyah) before dawn. This ruling is based on the saying of the Prophet ﷺ:
"Whoever did not make the intention to fast before Fajr, then there is no fast for him."
— Authentic: Sunan Abī Dāwūd (Hadith 2143, 2454), Sunan at-Tirmidhī (Hadith 583, 733), Sunan Ibn Mājah (Hadith 1379, 1700), Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿ (Hadith 6534, 6535), Irwā’ al-Ghalīl (Hadith 914)
This has been reported by Ḥafṣah (رضي الله عنها) and ʿĀ’ishah (رضي الله عنها). Ibn Qudāmah (رحمه الله) cited it in al-Mughnī (4/387, no. 498). This is also the opinion of the majority of jurists, and it specifically applies to obligatory fasts.
As for voluntary (nafl) fasts, it is permissible to make the intention during the day, provided that nothing which invalidates the fast has been consumed up to that point. This is supported by an authentic Hadith of the Prophet ﷺ.
— Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Book of Fasting, Chapter: Validity of Voluntary Fasting with Midday Intention (Hadith 1154)
May Allah grant all Muslims the ability to follow His commands and accept their fasting and nightly prayers. Indeed, He is All-Hearing and Ever-Near.
— Shaykh Ibn Bāz (رحمه الله)
